基质和植物生长调节剂对美国流苏硬枝扦插生根的影响
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摘要
以美国流苏Chionanthus virginicus的硬枝为材料,从基质和植物生长调节剂(种类、质量浓度及处理时间)等方面研究了各因素对插穗生根的影响,同时测定了插穗的营养物质质量分数变化。结果表明:基质种类对插穗各生根指标影响显著。其中V(珍珠岩)∶V(蛭石)=7∶3的基质中,其生根率和根系效果指数最高,分别为43.33%和7.64,其他生根指标达最佳水平,而河沙的插穗生根效果最差。正交试验中, 3因素对生根率和根系效果指数的影响程度从大到小依次为:植物生长调节剂种类、处理时间、质量浓度,且均达极显著水平。其中, 500 mg·L-1的吲哚丁酸(IBA)浸泡60 min的生根率和根系效果指数最高,分别为43.33%和6.65。可见,使用500 mg·L-1的IBA浸泡插穗60 min,扦插于V(珍珠岩)∶V(蛭石)=7∶3基质中,美国流苏生根效果最佳。扦插生根过程中,插穗内部的可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白质质量分数大致为先下降后上升的趋势,在愈伤形成期和不定根诱导期下降,不定根形成后开始上升。IBA处理加速了插穗内部营养物质质量分数的变化,缩短了生根周期,有利于插穗生根。图1表5参30
In order to seek a better combination of rootin g and understand the physiological changes during rooting. The effects on root cuttings from the hardwood of the fringe tree(Chionanthus virginicus) were studied in terms of medium, as well as type, concentration, and treatment time of plant growth regulators using an orthogonal experiment. Also, changes in nutrient content were measured. Results showed that the mediums had a strong influence on rooting indexes of the cuttings(P<0.05). The perlite:vermiculite 7:3(volume ratio) had the highest rooting rate(43.33%) and a root effect index(7.64), other rooting indicators of perlite:vermiculite7:3 reached the best level. The rooting effect of cuttings in river sand was the worst. In the orthogonal experiment, importance of the three factors influencing the rooting rate and the root effect index were as follows:growth regulator type >treatment time >concentration with all reaching highly significant levels. Rooting rate(43.33%) and root effect index(6.65) were highest with cuttings soaked in 500 mg·L-1 Indolo Butyric Acid(IBA) for 60 min. In the rooting process, the content of soluble sugar, starch, and soluble protein in the cuttings first decreased(during the callus formation period and adventitious root induction period) and then increased(after adventitious root formation). Overall, C. virginicus is a difficult-to-root tree species, the IBA treatment of 500 mg·L-1 for 60 min and soaking the cutting in perlite: vermiculite 7:3, and the rooting effect was the best. The IBA treatment accelerated changes in nutrient content for the cuttings, shortened the rooting cycle, and facilitated rooting of the cuttings. [Ch, 1 fig. 5 tab. 30 ref.]
In order to seek a better combination of rootin g and understand the physiological changes during rooting. The effects on root cuttings from the hardwood of the fringe tree(Chionanthus virginicus) were studied in terms of medium, as well as type, concentration, and treatment time of plant growth regulators using an orthogonal experiment. Also, changes in nutrient content were measured. Results showed that the mediums had a strong influence on rooting indexes of the cuttings(P<0.05). The perlite:vermiculite 7:3(volume ratio) had the highest rooting rate(43.33%) and a root effect index(7.64), other rooting indicators of perlite:vermiculite7:3 reached the best level. The rooting effect of cuttings in river sand was the worst. In the orthogonal experiment, importance of the three factors influencing the rooting rate and the root effect index were as follows:growth regulator type >treatment time >concentration with all reaching highly significant levels. Rooting rate(43.33%) and root effect index(6.65) were highest with cuttings soaked in 500 mg·L-1 Indolo Butyric Acid(IBA) for 60 min. In the rooting process, the content of soluble sugar, starch, and soluble protein in the cuttings first decreased(during the callus formation period and adventitious root induction period) and then increased(after adventitious root formation). Overall, C. virginicus is a difficult-to-root tree species, the IBA treatment of 500 mg·L-1 for 60 min and soaking the cutting in perlite: vermiculite 7:3, and the rooting effect was the best. The IBA treatment accelerated changes in nutrient content for the cuttings, shortened the rooting cycle, and facilitated rooting of the cuttings. [Ch, 1 fig. 5 tab. 30 ref.]
引文
[1]CHAN C R, MARQUARD R D. Accelerated propagation of Chionanthus virginicus via embryo culture[J].Hortscience, 1999, 34(1):140-141.
[2]曹钰,胡涛,张鸽香.基质配比对美国流苏容器苗生长的影响[J].东北林业大学学报, 2018, 46(9):26-30.CAO Yu, HU Tao, ZHANG Gexiang. Effects of different media on the growth of container seedlings of Chionanthus virginicus[J]. J Northeast For Univ, 2018, 46(9):26-30.
[3]GüL?IN?, ELIAS R, GEPDIREMEN A, et al. Antioxidant secoiridoids from fringe tree(Chionanthus virginicus L.)[J]. Wood Sci Technol, 2009, 43(34):195-212.
[4]GüL?IN?, ELIAS R, GEPDIREMEN A, et al. Antioxidant activity of lignans from fringe tree(Chionanthus virginicus L.)[J]. Eur Food Res Technol, 2006, 223(6):759-767.
[5]REDEAY S, FRETT J J. Germination of doubly dormant Chionanthus virginicus seeds[J]. Hortsci, 1990, 25(6):627.
[6]孟玲玲,张鸽香.美国流苏种子休眠原因探析[J].广东农业科学, 2015, 42(6):35-39.MENG Lingling, ZHANG Gexiang. Causes of dormancy of Chionanthus virginicus seed[J]. Guangdong Agric Sci,2015, 42(6):35-39.
[7]吴秀燕,张鸽香.美国流苏离体胚的组织培养与快速繁殖[J].植物生理学报, 2017, 53(2):227-233.WU Xiuyan, ZHANG Gexiang. Study on embryo culture and rapid propagation in vitro of Chionanthus virginicus[J].Plant Physiol J, 2017, 53(2):227-233.
[8]ATAK A, YALCIN T E. Effects of different applications on rooting of Actinidia deliciosa ‘Hayward’ hardwood and softwood cuttings[J]. Acta Hortic, 2015, 1096:117-125.
[9]刘昊,宋晓波,周乃富,等.吲哚丁酸对核桃嫩枝扦插生根及内源激素变化的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2017, 34(6):1038-1043.LIU Hao, SONG Xiaobo, ZHOU Naifu, et al. Adventitious root formation with IBA and endogenous hormones dynamics in walnut soft-cuttings[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2017, 34(6):1038-1043.
[10]PEARSE H L. The effect of nutrition and phytohormones on the rooting of vine cuttings[J]. Ann Bot, 1943, 7(26):123-132.
[11]季孔庶.马尾松扦插繁殖与矿质营养的生理遗传学研究[D].南京:南京林业大学, 1996.JI Kongshu. Study on Physiological Genetics of Cutting Propagation and Mineral Nutrition of Masson Pine(Pinus massoniana)[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University, 1996.
[12]王晶英,敖红,张杰,等.植物生理生化实验技术与原理[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社, 2003:11-23.
[13]DOLOR D E, IKIE F O, NNAJI G U. Effect of propagation media on the rooting of leafy stem cuttings of Irvingia wombolu(Vermoesen)[J]. Res J Agric Biol Sci, 2009, 5(6):1146-1152.
[14]郭春兰,杨武英,胡冬南,等.青钱柳嫩枝扦插育苗的研究[J].江西农业大学学报, 2006, 28(2):254-257.GUO Chunlan, YANG Wuying, HU Dongnan, et al. A study on wand cutting techniques of Cyclocarya paliurus[J].Acta Agric Univ Jiangxi, 2006, 28(2):254-257.
[15]陆秀君,洪晓松,刘景强,等.扦插基质及生根促进剂对美国红枫扦插繁殖的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2015, 30(5):138-142.LU Xiujun, HONG Xiaosong, LIU Jingqiang, et al. Effect of different soil substrates and rooting agents on Acer rubrum cutting propagation[J]. J Northwest For Univ, 2015, 30(5):138-142.
[16]郭玮龙,岳春雷,胡国伟,等.细叶水团花种子萌发特性及扦插繁殖[J].浙江农林大学学报, 2015, 32(2):319-323.GUO Weilong, YUE Chunlei, HU Guowei, et al. Seed germination and cuttage of Adina rubella[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2015, 32(2):319-323.
[17]唐健民,柴胜丰,邹蓉,等.小果核果茶扦插繁殖技术研究[J].广西植物, 2017, 37(4):511-516.TANG Jianmin, CHAI Shengfeng, ZOU Rong, et al. Cutting propagation of Pyrenaria microcarpa[J]. Guihaia, 2017,37(4):511-516.
[18]李焕勇,刘涛,张华新,等.复叶槭扦插繁殖技术[J].东北林业大学学报, 2014, 42(8):25-29.LI Huanyong, LIU Tao, ZHANG Huaxin, et al. Cutting propagation technique of Acer negundo L.[J]. J Northeast For Univ, 2014, 42(8):25-29.
[19]AKRAM M T, QADRI R W K, KHAN I, et al. Clonal multiplication of guava(Psidium guajava L.)through soft wood cuttings using IBA under low-plastic tunnel[J]. Int J Agric Biol, 2016, 19(3):417-422.
[20]BASHIR M A, ANJUM M A, CHAUDHRY Z, et al. Response of jojoba(Simmondsia chinensis)cuttings to various concentrations of auxins[J]. Pak J Bot, 2009, 41(6):2831-2840.
[21]RANA R S, SOOD K K. Effect of cutting diameter and hormonal application on the propagation of Ficus roxburghii Wall. through branch cuttings[J]. Ann For Res, 2012, 55(1):69-84.
[22]魏巍,张鸽香.流苏树嫩枝扦插及生根营养物质的动态变化[J].河南农业科学, 2015, 44(10):127-131.WEI Wei, ZHANG Gexiang. Study on softwood cutting of Chionanthus retusus and change of nutrient content during rooting period[J]. J Henan Agric Sci, 2015, 44(10):127-131.
[23]任明莹,马玉华,任杰,等.加拿大糖槭嫩枝扦插技术[J].东北林业大学学报, 2015, 43(4):8-11.REN Mingying, MA Yuhua, REN Jie, et al. Green-wood cutting techniques of Acer saccharum Mash[J]. J Northeast For Univ, 2015, 43(4):8-11.
[24]HOSSAIN M A, ISLAM M A, HOSSAIN M M. Rooting ability of cuttings of Swietenia macrophylla King and Chukrasia velutina Wight et Arn as influenced by exogenous hormone[J]. Int J Agric Biol, 2004, 6(3):560-564.
[25]赵爽,刘志高,冯彬,等.山木通扦插繁殖及生根机制[J].浙江农林大学学报, 2017, 34(5):955-962.ZHAO Shuang, LIU Zhigao, FENG Bin, et al. Cutting propagation technology and rooting of Clematis finetiana[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2017, 34(5):955-962.
[26]CONTESSA C, VALENTINI N, CAVIGLIONE M, et al. Propagation of Corylus avellana L. by means of semi-hardwood cutting:rooting and bud retention in four Italian cultivars[J]. Eur J Hortic Sci, 2012, 76(5/6):170-175.
[27]梁文斌,聂东伶,吴思政,等.短梗大参扦插生根特性及相关生理生化分析[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 40(5):519-524.LIANG Wenbin, NIE Dongling, WU Sizheng, et al. Cutting rooting characters of Macropanax rosthornii and its physiological and biochemical analysis[J]. J Hunan Agric Univ Nat Sci, 2014, 40(5):519-524.
[28]RAPAKA V K, BESSLER B, SCHREINER M, et al. Interplay between initial carbohydrate availability, current photosynthesis, and adventitious root formation in Pelargonium cuttings[J]. Plant Sci, 2005, 168(6):1547-1560.
[29]沈琪.榉树扦插繁殖与生根机理研究[D].南京:南京林业大学, 2013.SHEN Qi. Studies on the Cutting Propagating Technology and Rooting Mechanism of Zelkova schneideriana[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University, 2013.
[30]李晨晨,周再知,张金浩,等.外源IBA对裸花紫珠插穗营养物质含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].热带作物学报, 2016, 37(11):2113-2118.LI Chenchen, ZHOU Zaizhi, ZHANG Jinhao, et al. Effects of IBA treatment on nutrient content and antioxidant enzyme activities of shoot cuttings of Callicarpa nudiflora[J]. Chin J Trop Crops, 2016, 37(11):2113-2118.
[2]曹钰,胡涛,张鸽香.基质配比对美国流苏容器苗生长的影响[J].东北林业大学学报, 2018, 46(9):26-30.CAO Yu, HU Tao, ZHANG Gexiang. Effects of different media on the growth of container seedlings of Chionanthus virginicus[J]. J Northeast For Univ, 2018, 46(9):26-30.
[3]GüL?IN?, ELIAS R, GEPDIREMEN A, et al. Antioxidant secoiridoids from fringe tree(Chionanthus virginicus L.)[J]. Wood Sci Technol, 2009, 43(34):195-212.
[4]GüL?IN?, ELIAS R, GEPDIREMEN A, et al. Antioxidant activity of lignans from fringe tree(Chionanthus virginicus L.)[J]. Eur Food Res Technol, 2006, 223(6):759-767.
[5]REDEAY S, FRETT J J. Germination of doubly dormant Chionanthus virginicus seeds[J]. Hortsci, 1990, 25(6):627.
[6]孟玲玲,张鸽香.美国流苏种子休眠原因探析[J].广东农业科学, 2015, 42(6):35-39.MENG Lingling, ZHANG Gexiang. Causes of dormancy of Chionanthus virginicus seed[J]. Guangdong Agric Sci,2015, 42(6):35-39.
[7]吴秀燕,张鸽香.美国流苏离体胚的组织培养与快速繁殖[J].植物生理学报, 2017, 53(2):227-233.WU Xiuyan, ZHANG Gexiang. Study on embryo culture and rapid propagation in vitro of Chionanthus virginicus[J].Plant Physiol J, 2017, 53(2):227-233.
[8]ATAK A, YALCIN T E. Effects of different applications on rooting of Actinidia deliciosa ‘Hayward’ hardwood and softwood cuttings[J]. Acta Hortic, 2015, 1096:117-125.
[9]刘昊,宋晓波,周乃富,等.吲哚丁酸对核桃嫩枝扦插生根及内源激素变化的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2017, 34(6):1038-1043.LIU Hao, SONG Xiaobo, ZHOU Naifu, et al. Adventitious root formation with IBA and endogenous hormones dynamics in walnut soft-cuttings[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2017, 34(6):1038-1043.
[10]PEARSE H L. The effect of nutrition and phytohormones on the rooting of vine cuttings[J]. Ann Bot, 1943, 7(26):123-132.
[11]季孔庶.马尾松扦插繁殖与矿质营养的生理遗传学研究[D].南京:南京林业大学, 1996.JI Kongshu. Study on Physiological Genetics of Cutting Propagation and Mineral Nutrition of Masson Pine(Pinus massoniana)[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University, 1996.
[12]王晶英,敖红,张杰,等.植物生理生化实验技术与原理[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社, 2003:11-23.
[13]DOLOR D E, IKIE F O, NNAJI G U. Effect of propagation media on the rooting of leafy stem cuttings of Irvingia wombolu(Vermoesen)[J]. Res J Agric Biol Sci, 2009, 5(6):1146-1152.
[14]郭春兰,杨武英,胡冬南,等.青钱柳嫩枝扦插育苗的研究[J].江西农业大学学报, 2006, 28(2):254-257.GUO Chunlan, YANG Wuying, HU Dongnan, et al. A study on wand cutting techniques of Cyclocarya paliurus[J].Acta Agric Univ Jiangxi, 2006, 28(2):254-257.
[15]陆秀君,洪晓松,刘景强,等.扦插基质及生根促进剂对美国红枫扦插繁殖的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2015, 30(5):138-142.LU Xiujun, HONG Xiaosong, LIU Jingqiang, et al. Effect of different soil substrates and rooting agents on Acer rubrum cutting propagation[J]. J Northwest For Univ, 2015, 30(5):138-142.
[16]郭玮龙,岳春雷,胡国伟,等.细叶水团花种子萌发特性及扦插繁殖[J].浙江农林大学学报, 2015, 32(2):319-323.GUO Weilong, YUE Chunlei, HU Guowei, et al. Seed germination and cuttage of Adina rubella[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2015, 32(2):319-323.
[17]唐健民,柴胜丰,邹蓉,等.小果核果茶扦插繁殖技术研究[J].广西植物, 2017, 37(4):511-516.TANG Jianmin, CHAI Shengfeng, ZOU Rong, et al. Cutting propagation of Pyrenaria microcarpa[J]. Guihaia, 2017,37(4):511-516.
[18]李焕勇,刘涛,张华新,等.复叶槭扦插繁殖技术[J].东北林业大学学报, 2014, 42(8):25-29.LI Huanyong, LIU Tao, ZHANG Huaxin, et al. Cutting propagation technique of Acer negundo L.[J]. J Northeast For Univ, 2014, 42(8):25-29.
[19]AKRAM M T, QADRI R W K, KHAN I, et al. Clonal multiplication of guava(Psidium guajava L.)through soft wood cuttings using IBA under low-plastic tunnel[J]. Int J Agric Biol, 2016, 19(3):417-422.
[20]BASHIR M A, ANJUM M A, CHAUDHRY Z, et al. Response of jojoba(Simmondsia chinensis)cuttings to various concentrations of auxins[J]. Pak J Bot, 2009, 41(6):2831-2840.
[21]RANA R S, SOOD K K. Effect of cutting diameter and hormonal application on the propagation of Ficus roxburghii Wall. through branch cuttings[J]. Ann For Res, 2012, 55(1):69-84.
[22]魏巍,张鸽香.流苏树嫩枝扦插及生根营养物质的动态变化[J].河南农业科学, 2015, 44(10):127-131.WEI Wei, ZHANG Gexiang. Study on softwood cutting of Chionanthus retusus and change of nutrient content during rooting period[J]. J Henan Agric Sci, 2015, 44(10):127-131.
[23]任明莹,马玉华,任杰,等.加拿大糖槭嫩枝扦插技术[J].东北林业大学学报, 2015, 43(4):8-11.REN Mingying, MA Yuhua, REN Jie, et al. Green-wood cutting techniques of Acer saccharum Mash[J]. J Northeast For Univ, 2015, 43(4):8-11.
[24]HOSSAIN M A, ISLAM M A, HOSSAIN M M. Rooting ability of cuttings of Swietenia macrophylla King and Chukrasia velutina Wight et Arn as influenced by exogenous hormone[J]. Int J Agric Biol, 2004, 6(3):560-564.
[25]赵爽,刘志高,冯彬,等.山木通扦插繁殖及生根机制[J].浙江农林大学学报, 2017, 34(5):955-962.ZHAO Shuang, LIU Zhigao, FENG Bin, et al. Cutting propagation technology and rooting of Clematis finetiana[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2017, 34(5):955-962.
[26]CONTESSA C, VALENTINI N, CAVIGLIONE M, et al. Propagation of Corylus avellana L. by means of semi-hardwood cutting:rooting and bud retention in four Italian cultivars[J]. Eur J Hortic Sci, 2012, 76(5/6):170-175.
[27]梁文斌,聂东伶,吴思政,等.短梗大参扦插生根特性及相关生理生化分析[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 40(5):519-524.LIANG Wenbin, NIE Dongling, WU Sizheng, et al. Cutting rooting characters of Macropanax rosthornii and its physiological and biochemical analysis[J]. J Hunan Agric Univ Nat Sci, 2014, 40(5):519-524.
[28]RAPAKA V K, BESSLER B, SCHREINER M, et al. Interplay between initial carbohydrate availability, current photosynthesis, and adventitious root formation in Pelargonium cuttings[J]. Plant Sci, 2005, 168(6):1547-1560.
[29]沈琪.榉树扦插繁殖与生根机理研究[D].南京:南京林业大学, 2013.SHEN Qi. Studies on the Cutting Propagating Technology and Rooting Mechanism of Zelkova schneideriana[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University, 2013.
[30]李晨晨,周再知,张金浩,等.外源IBA对裸花紫珠插穗营养物质含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].热带作物学报, 2016, 37(11):2113-2118.LI Chenchen, ZHOU Zaizhi, ZHANG Jinhao, et al. Effects of IBA treatment on nutrient content and antioxidant enzyme activities of shoot cuttings of Callicarpa nudiflora[J]. Chin J Trop Crops, 2016, 37(11):2113-2118.
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