异质生境对生防昆虫莲草直胸跳甲数量分布的影响
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摘要
昆虫的种群动态和数量分布与环境因素密切相关。本研究通过在中国南方空心莲子草大规模入侵的区域分别设置水、陆样地,采用曲线回归和冗余分析等方法探讨了异质生境中空心莲子草形态特征、入侵群落植物多样性及无机环境对生防昆虫莲草直胸跳甲数量分布的影响。结果显示:水、陆两境中莲草直胸跳甲数量均随着空心莲子草株高增加而上升;莲草直胸跳甲数量随水生型空心莲子草分枝数及入侵盖度的增加而上升。莲草直胸跳甲数量与陆生群落植物物种多样性无显著相关性,但在水生环境中,莲草直胸跳甲数量随群落的Simpson、Shannon和Pielou指数上升而显著下降。水、陆两境中决定莲草直胸跳甲数量的主导性环境因子均为年均气温、纬度和海拔。研究结果可为入侵植物的生物防治及引进天敌提供参考。
The insect population dynamics and quantity distribution are closely related to environmental factors. In this study, we set up aquatic and terrestrial plots in locations that were invaded largely by alien Alternanthera philoxeroides in Southern China, by using the curvilinear regression and redundancy analysis methods; we analyzed the influences of A.philoxeroides morphological characteristics, plant species diversity within invaded community and inorganic environmental factors on the population abundance of an biocontrol insect Agasicles hygrophila in heterogeneous habitats. The results showed that the A. hygrophila abundance increased with the increasing A.philoxeroides height in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats, and increased with A.philoxeroides branches and invasion coverage only in the aquatic habitat. The A.hygrophila abundance had no significant relationships with the terrestrial plant species diversity; however, it significantly decreased with the rising Simpson, Shannon, Pielou indices in aquatic invaded plant community. In addition, the dominant environmental factors which determined the A.hygrophila abundance were annual mean temperature, latitude and elevation in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Our research could provide suggestive references for biological control of invasive plants and introduction of natural enemies.
The insect population dynamics and quantity distribution are closely related to environmental factors. In this study, we set up aquatic and terrestrial plots in locations that were invaded largely by alien Alternanthera philoxeroides in Southern China, by using the curvilinear regression and redundancy analysis methods; we analyzed the influences of A.philoxeroides morphological characteristics, plant species diversity within invaded community and inorganic environmental factors on the population abundance of an biocontrol insect Agasicles hygrophila in heterogeneous habitats. The results showed that the A. hygrophila abundance increased with the increasing A.philoxeroides height in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats, and increased with A.philoxeroides branches and invasion coverage only in the aquatic habitat. The A.hygrophila abundance had no significant relationships with the terrestrial plant species diversity; however, it significantly decreased with the rising Simpson, Shannon, Pielou indices in aquatic invaded plant community. In addition, the dominant environmental factors which determined the A.hygrophila abundance were annual mean temperature, latitude and elevation in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Our research could provide suggestive references for biological control of invasive plants and introduction of natural enemies.
引文
[1] 康乐.环境胁迫下的昆虫-植物相互关系[J].生态学杂志,1995,14(5):51-57.
[2] 杜瑞卿,王庆林,张征田,等.EPT昆虫群落分布与环境因子的相关性[J].昆虫学报,2008,51(3):336-341.
[3] 聂传朋,李焰焰,李永民.人工草坪昆虫多样性与环境因子的相关性初步研究-以庐山风景区为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(5):729-734.
[4] BR?NDLE M,AMARELL U,AUGE H,et al.Plant and insect diversity along a pollution gradient:understanding species richness across trophic levels [J].Biodiversity & Conservation,2001,10(9):1497-1511.
[5] 秦春燕,张勇,于海燕,等.不同类群水生昆虫群落间的一致性以及空间和环境因子的相对作用[J].生物多样性,2013,21(3):326-333.
[6] 刘曼红,李亚俊,张宇,等.帽儿山溪流水生昆虫与环境因子的相关性[J].吉林农业大学学报,2014,36(4):479-487.
[7] 董百丽,姬兰柱,魏春艳,等.长白山阔叶红松林植物群落与昆虫群落的相互关系研究[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(9):1013-1016.
[8] 高宝嘉,张执中,李镇宇.植物群落对昆虫群落及种群生态效应的数学分析[J].生态学报,1993,13(2):130-134.
[9] 郭海滨,李保平,强胜,等.狗牙根草坪昆虫群落组成与环境因子相关性研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2009,32(3):63-70.
[10] 张礼生,陈红印.我国天敌昆虫与生防微生物资源引种三十年成就与展望[J].植物保护,2016,42(5):24-32.
[11] 马瑞燕,丁建清,李佰铜,等.莲草直胸跳甲在不同生态型空心莲子草上的化蛹适应性[J].中国生物防治,2003,19(2):54-58.
[12] 李彦宁,傅建炜,郭建英,等.莲草直胸跳甲释放量对其种群构建的影响[J].生物安全学报,2011,20(4):275-280.
[13] 赵龙龙,刘蓉,郭艳琼,等.光周期对莲草直胸跳甲幼虫发育的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,34(3):193-197.
[14] 冀佳悦,赵龙龙,贾少华,等.虫口密度对莲草直胸跳甲生殖力和存活能力的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,34(5):400-402.
[15] 周方,张致杰,刘木,等.养分影响入侵种喜旱莲子草对专食性天敌的防御[J].生物多样性,2017,25(12):1276-1284.
[16] WARREN D S,ALT M,OLSON D K,et al.The relationship between the spectral diversity of satellite imagery,habitat heterogeneity,and plant species richness [J].Ecological Informatics,2014,24:160-168.
[17] JING Zhaobin,CHENG Jimin,SU Jishuai,et al.Changes in plant community composition and soil properties under3-decade grazing exclusion in semiarid grassland[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,64:171-178.
[18] WU Hao,CARRILLO J,DING Jianqing.Species diversity and environmental determinants of aquatic and terrestrial communities invaded by Alternanthera philoxeroides[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,581-582:666-675.
[19] ERWIN A C,ZüST T,ALI J G,et al.Above-ground herbivory by red milkweed beetles facilitates above-and below-ground conspecific insects and reduces fruit production in common milkweed [J].Journal of Ecology,2014,102:1038-1047.
[20] LUO Fangli,CHEN Yue,HUANG Lin,et al.Shifting effects of physiological integration on performance of a clonal plant during submergence and de-submergence [J].Annals of Botany,2014,113(7):1265-1274.
[21] 马瑞燕,王韧.不同生态型的喜旱莲子草对莲草直胸跳甲化蛹能力的影响[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(1):24-30.
[22] 高芳磊,郭素民,闫明,等.不同生境下空心莲子草响应模拟昆虫采食的生长和化学防御策略[J].生态学报,2018,38(7):2344-2352.
[23] CADOTTE M W,CARSCADDEN K,MIROTCHNICK N.Beyond species:Functional diversity and the maintenance of ecological processes and services [J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,48:1079-1087.
[24] 吴昊,丁建清.入侵生态学最新研究动态[J].科学通报,2014,59(6):438-448.
[25] 马瑞燕,王韧.喜旱莲子草在中国的入侵机理及其生物防治[J].应用与环境生物学报,2005,11(2):246-250.
[26] 吴昊.纬度梯度及生境异质性对空心莲子草入侵效应的影响[D].武汉:中国科学院研究生院(武汉植物园),2015.
[27] 朱慧,彭媛媛,王德利.植物对昆虫多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(12):2215-2221.
[28] 魏永平,张雅林,汪晓光.黄土高原苹果园植物多样性及其对昆虫群落的影响[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(12):2517-2523.
[29] 韩宗礼,谭晓玲,陈巨莲.环境温度变化对异色瓢虫的飞行与运动能力的影响[J].中国生物防治学报,2017,33(4):433-441.
[30] 李建宇,史梦竹,郑丽祯,等.温度对2个地理种群莲草直胸跳甲成虫产卵量及存活率的影响[J].生物安全学报,2013,22(1):57-60.
[31] 吴昊.入侵植物空心莲子草春季沿纬度变化的群落特征[J].浙江农林大学学报,2017,34(5):816-824.
[32] WU Hao,CARRILLO Juli,DING Jianqing.Invasion by alligator weed,Alternanthera philoxeroides,is associated with decreased species diversity across the latitudinal gradient in China [J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2016,9(3):311-319.
[33] 宋璐璐,樊江文,吴绍洪.植物叶片性状沿海拔梯度变化研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(11):1431-1439.
[34] 张茜,赵成章,董小刚,等.高寒退化草地不同海拔狼毒种群花大小、数量与个体大小的关系[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(12):3160-3166.
[35] 李强,杨莲芳,吴璟,等.西苕溪EPT昆虫群落分布与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3817-3825.
[36] 傅建炜,马明勇,郭建英,等.水流对莲草直胸跳甲种群存活和扩散的影响[J].生物安全学报,2011,20(4):281-284.
[37] 张金钰,李鑫,吴素蓉,等.果园生境对金纹细蛾寄生蜂发生影响及优势寄生蜂空间分布研究[J].中国生物防治学报,2012,28(3):326-333.
[38] LU Xinming,SIEMANN Evan,HE Minyan,et al.Warming benefits a native species competing with an invasive congener in the presence of a biocontrol beetle [J].New Phytologist,2016,211(4):1371-1381.
[2] 杜瑞卿,王庆林,张征田,等.EPT昆虫群落分布与环境因子的相关性[J].昆虫学报,2008,51(3):336-341.
[3] 聂传朋,李焰焰,李永民.人工草坪昆虫多样性与环境因子的相关性初步研究-以庐山风景区为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(5):729-734.
[4] BR?NDLE M,AMARELL U,AUGE H,et al.Plant and insect diversity along a pollution gradient:understanding species richness across trophic levels [J].Biodiversity & Conservation,2001,10(9):1497-1511.
[5] 秦春燕,张勇,于海燕,等.不同类群水生昆虫群落间的一致性以及空间和环境因子的相对作用[J].生物多样性,2013,21(3):326-333.
[6] 刘曼红,李亚俊,张宇,等.帽儿山溪流水生昆虫与环境因子的相关性[J].吉林农业大学学报,2014,36(4):479-487.
[7] 董百丽,姬兰柱,魏春艳,等.长白山阔叶红松林植物群落与昆虫群落的相互关系研究[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(9):1013-1016.
[8] 高宝嘉,张执中,李镇宇.植物群落对昆虫群落及种群生态效应的数学分析[J].生态学报,1993,13(2):130-134.
[9] 郭海滨,李保平,强胜,等.狗牙根草坪昆虫群落组成与环境因子相关性研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2009,32(3):63-70.
[10] 张礼生,陈红印.我国天敌昆虫与生防微生物资源引种三十年成就与展望[J].植物保护,2016,42(5):24-32.
[11] 马瑞燕,丁建清,李佰铜,等.莲草直胸跳甲在不同生态型空心莲子草上的化蛹适应性[J].中国生物防治,2003,19(2):54-58.
[12] 李彦宁,傅建炜,郭建英,等.莲草直胸跳甲释放量对其种群构建的影响[J].生物安全学报,2011,20(4):275-280.
[13] 赵龙龙,刘蓉,郭艳琼,等.光周期对莲草直胸跳甲幼虫发育的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,34(3):193-197.
[14] 冀佳悦,赵龙龙,贾少华,等.虫口密度对莲草直胸跳甲生殖力和存活能力的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,34(5):400-402.
[15] 周方,张致杰,刘木,等.养分影响入侵种喜旱莲子草对专食性天敌的防御[J].生物多样性,2017,25(12):1276-1284.
[16] WARREN D S,ALT M,OLSON D K,et al.The relationship between the spectral diversity of satellite imagery,habitat heterogeneity,and plant species richness [J].Ecological Informatics,2014,24:160-168.
[17] JING Zhaobin,CHENG Jimin,SU Jishuai,et al.Changes in plant community composition and soil properties under3-decade grazing exclusion in semiarid grassland[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,64:171-178.
[18] WU Hao,CARRILLO J,DING Jianqing.Species diversity and environmental determinants of aquatic and terrestrial communities invaded by Alternanthera philoxeroides[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,581-582:666-675.
[19] ERWIN A C,ZüST T,ALI J G,et al.Above-ground herbivory by red milkweed beetles facilitates above-and below-ground conspecific insects and reduces fruit production in common milkweed [J].Journal of Ecology,2014,102:1038-1047.
[20] LUO Fangli,CHEN Yue,HUANG Lin,et al.Shifting effects of physiological integration on performance of a clonal plant during submergence and de-submergence [J].Annals of Botany,2014,113(7):1265-1274.
[21] 马瑞燕,王韧.不同生态型的喜旱莲子草对莲草直胸跳甲化蛹能力的影响[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(1):24-30.
[22] 高芳磊,郭素民,闫明,等.不同生境下空心莲子草响应模拟昆虫采食的生长和化学防御策略[J].生态学报,2018,38(7):2344-2352.
[23] CADOTTE M W,CARSCADDEN K,MIROTCHNICK N.Beyond species:Functional diversity and the maintenance of ecological processes and services [J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,48:1079-1087.
[24] 吴昊,丁建清.入侵生态学最新研究动态[J].科学通报,2014,59(6):438-448.
[25] 马瑞燕,王韧.喜旱莲子草在中国的入侵机理及其生物防治[J].应用与环境生物学报,2005,11(2):246-250.
[26] 吴昊.纬度梯度及生境异质性对空心莲子草入侵效应的影响[D].武汉:中国科学院研究生院(武汉植物园),2015.
[27] 朱慧,彭媛媛,王德利.植物对昆虫多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(12):2215-2221.
[28] 魏永平,张雅林,汪晓光.黄土高原苹果园植物多样性及其对昆虫群落的影响[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(12):2517-2523.
[29] 韩宗礼,谭晓玲,陈巨莲.环境温度变化对异色瓢虫的飞行与运动能力的影响[J].中国生物防治学报,2017,33(4):433-441.
[30] 李建宇,史梦竹,郑丽祯,等.温度对2个地理种群莲草直胸跳甲成虫产卵量及存活率的影响[J].生物安全学报,2013,22(1):57-60.
[31] 吴昊.入侵植物空心莲子草春季沿纬度变化的群落特征[J].浙江农林大学学报,2017,34(5):816-824.
[32] WU Hao,CARRILLO Juli,DING Jianqing.Invasion by alligator weed,Alternanthera philoxeroides,is associated with decreased species diversity across the latitudinal gradient in China [J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2016,9(3):311-319.
[33] 宋璐璐,樊江文,吴绍洪.植物叶片性状沿海拔梯度变化研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(11):1431-1439.
[34] 张茜,赵成章,董小刚,等.高寒退化草地不同海拔狼毒种群花大小、数量与个体大小的关系[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(12):3160-3166.
[35] 李强,杨莲芳,吴璟,等.西苕溪EPT昆虫群落分布与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3817-3825.
[36] 傅建炜,马明勇,郭建英,等.水流对莲草直胸跳甲种群存活和扩散的影响[J].生物安全学报,2011,20(4):281-284.
[37] 张金钰,李鑫,吴素蓉,等.果园生境对金纹细蛾寄生蜂发生影响及优势寄生蜂空间分布研究[J].中国生物防治学报,2012,28(3):326-333.
[38] LU Xinming,SIEMANN Evan,HE Minyan,et al.Warming benefits a native species competing with an invasive congener in the presence of a biocontrol beetle [J].New Phytologist,2016,211(4):1371-1381.
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