我国不同麦区小麦镰刀菌毒素检测及毒素污染分析
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摘要
为明确镰刀菌毒素在我国不同小麦产区的污染与分布,利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪对全国214个小麦品种籽粒中的7种镰刀菌毒素含量进行了测定和比较分析。结果表明:7种镰刀菌毒素的平均回收率在95.02%～116.52%之间,相对标准差为6.32%～21.50%。所有测试小麦样品均被镰刀菌毒素污染,7种毒素中以雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(nivalenol,NIV)含量最高,即使在NIV含量最低的长江中下游冬麦区,平均含量也高达182.56μg/kg,虽然目前并没有关于NIV的相关限量标准,但也应该予以足够重视;脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)含量较高,在8.07～337.23μg/kg之间,低于国家限量标准1 000μg/kg;T-2含量在4.05～78.05μg/kg之间,低于现有国际限量标准100μg/kg;玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalmone,ZEA)含量在5.30～12.50μg/kg之间,低于国家限量标准60μg/kg;其它3种毒素含量较低,均低于17.73μg/kg。不同麦区间毒素比较发现,DON和3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的含量在长江中下游冬麦区最高,分别为43.09μg/kg和6.39μg/kg,且显著高于其它麦区;来自长江中下游冬麦组和黄淮冬麦区南片水地组的小麦品种籽粒中毒素T-2和HT-2的含量显著高于其它麦区;其余毒素在不同麦区间均无显著差异。
To define the contamination and distribution of mycotoxins caused by wheat Fusarium head blight in China, ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer was used to determine and analyze seven toxins from 214 wheat cultivars. The results showed that the mean recovery rate of seven toxins was between 95.02%-116.52% and the relative standard deviation was 6.32%-21.50%. All wheat cultivars were contaminated. The content of nivalenol(NIV) was the highest, with a minimum content of 182.56 μg/kg in wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. However, there was no national standards for controlling the content of NIV from wheat cultivars, which should be paid attention to. The volume of deoxynivalenol(DON) was in the range of 8.07-337.23 μg/kg,which was less than 1 000 μg/kg of the national standard. The content of T-2 was from 4.05 μg/kg to 78.05 μg/kg according with international standard under 100 μg/kg. The content of zearalmone was between 5.30-12.50 μg/kg, lower than the national standard under 60 μg/kg. The contents of 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol(3-ADON), 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol and HT-2 were all less than 17.73 μg/kg. The average contents of DON and 3-ADON were the highest in wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River(43.09 μg/kg and 6.39 μg/kg, respectively), significantly higher than those in other wheat planting areas. The average contents of T-2 and HT-2 in the wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the irrigated winter wheat in south of Huang-Huai Region were significantly higher than those in other nine wheat regions.
To define the contamination and distribution of mycotoxins caused by wheat Fusarium head blight in China, ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer was used to determine and analyze seven toxins from 214 wheat cultivars. The results showed that the mean recovery rate of seven toxins was between 95.02%-116.52% and the relative standard deviation was 6.32%-21.50%. All wheat cultivars were contaminated. The content of nivalenol(NIV) was the highest, with a minimum content of 182.56 μg/kg in wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. However, there was no national standards for controlling the content of NIV from wheat cultivars, which should be paid attention to. The volume of deoxynivalenol(DON) was in the range of 8.07-337.23 μg/kg,which was less than 1 000 μg/kg of the national standard. The content of T-2 was from 4.05 μg/kg to 78.05 μg/kg according with international standard under 100 μg/kg. The content of zearalmone was between 5.30-12.50 μg/kg, lower than the national standard under 60 μg/kg. The contents of 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol(3-ADON), 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol and HT-2 were all less than 17.73 μg/kg. The average contents of DON and 3-ADON were the highest in wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River(43.09 μg/kg and 6.39 μg/kg, respectively), significantly higher than those in other wheat planting areas. The average contents of T-2 and HT-2 in the wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the irrigated winter wheat in south of Huang-Huai Region were significantly higher than those in other nine wheat regions.
引文
Berthiller F,Schuhmacher R,Buttinger G,Krska R.2005.Rapid simultaneous determination of major type A-and B-trichothecenes as well as zearalenone in maize by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Journal of Chromatography A,1062:209-216
Boonchuvit B,Hamilton PB,Burmeister HR.1975.Interaction of T-2toxin with Salmonella infections of chickens.Poultry Science,54(5):1693-1696
Chen Y,Li HK,Chen CJ,Zhou MG.2008.Sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum,to fungicide JS399-19:in vitro,determination of baseline sensitivity and the risk of developing fungicide resistance.Phytoparasitica,36(4):326-337
Cheng SH,Zhang Y,Bie TD,Gao DR,Zhang BQ.2012.Damage of wheat Fusarium head blight(FHB)epidemics and genetic improvement of wheat for scab resistance in China.Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,28(5):938-942(in Chinese)[程顺和,张勇,别同德,高德荣,张伯桥.2012.中国小麦赤霉病的危害及抗性遗传改良.江苏农业学报,28(5):938-942]
Fan PS,Zhou MG,Chen CJ,Wang JX.2015.Study on the control index of wheat dead blight caused by Gibberella zeae.Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,34(5):81-85(in Chinese)[樊平声,周明国,陈长军,王建新.2015.DON毒素作为小麦赤霉病损失率评估及防治指标的研究.山地农业生物学报,34(5):81-85]
Frankic T,Pajk T,Rezar V,Levart A,Salobir J.2006.The role of dietary nucleotides in reduction of DNA damage induced by T-2toxin and deoxynivalenol in chicken leukocytes.Food&Chemical Toxicology,44(11):1838-1844
Huo ZG,Yao CW,Jiang RZ,Zhao SJ.1996.A study on prediction models of maximum entropy method of winter wheat scab in China.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,26(2):117-122(in Chinese)[霍治国,姚彩文,姜瑞中,赵圣菊.1996.我国小麦赤霉病最大熵谱预报模式研究.植物病理学报,26(2):117-122]
Kuipergoodman T,Scott PM,Watanabe H.1987.Risk assessment of the mycotoxin zearalenone.Regul Toxicol Pharmacol,7(3):253-306
Lee JK,Chang IY,Kim H,Yun SH,Leslie JF,Lee YW.2009.Genetic diversity and fitness of Fusarium graminearum populations from rice in Korea.Applied&Environmental Microbiology,75(10):3289-3295
Li JY,Wan L,Yang MH.2011.Limit standard of mycotoxins and advances in studies on its application in Chinese materia medica.Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,42(3):602-609(in Chinese)[李峻媛,万丽,杨美华.2011.真菌毒素限量标准及其在中药中的研究进展.中草药,42(3):602-609]
Liu Y,Wang PY,Liu XP,Wang JH,Liang NN,Han S.2014.Review of current Chinese regulations of maximum residue levels and testing standard of mycotoxin in foods and feeds.China Brewing,33(7):10-19(in Chinese)[刘萤,王珮玥,刘雪平,王金花,梁娜娜,韩深.2014.我国现行食品与饲料中真菌毒素限量及检测标准概述.中国酿造,33(7):10-19]
Pettersson H,Hedman R,Engstr?m B,Elwinger K,Fossuml O.1995.Nivalenol in Swedish cereals:occurrence,production and toxicity towards chickens.Food Additives and Contaminants,12(3):373-376
Royer D,Humpf HU,Guy PA.2004.Quantitative analysis of Fusarium mycotoxins in maize using accelerated solvent extraction before liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry.Food Additives and Contaminants,21(7):678-692
Shen CM,Hu YC,Sun HY,Li W,Guo JH,Chen HG.2012.Geographic distribution of trichothecene chemotypes of the Fusarium graminearum species complex in major winter wheat production areas of China.Plant Disease,96(968):1172-1178
Shen HH,Yang MH,Ouyang Z.2010.Advances in studies on DONand NIV of Fusarium toxin.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,38(16):8425-8428(in Chinese)[申红红,杨美华,欧阳臻.2010.镰刀菌毒素DON和NIV研究进展.安徽农业科学,38(16):8425-8428]
Shi JR,Liu X,Qiu JB,Ji F,Xu JH,Dong F,Yin XC,Ran JJ.2014.Deoxynivalenol contamination in wheat and its management.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,47(18):3641-3654(in Chinese)[史建荣,刘馨,仇剑波,祭芳,徐剑宏,董飞,殷宪超,冉军舰.2014.小麦中镰刀菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇污染现状与防控研究进展.中国农业科学,47(18):3641-3654]
Shi WQ,Yang LJ,Feng J,Zhang X,Zeng FS,Xiang LB,Wang H,Yu DZ.2011.Analysis on the population structure of Fusarium pathogenic spp.and its mycotoxin chemotypes in Fusarium head blight epidemic region.Acta Phytopathlogica Sinica,41(5):486-494(in Chinese)[史文琦,杨立军,冯洁,张旭,曾凡松,向礼波,汪华,喻大昭.2011.小麦赤霉病流行区镰刀菌致病种及毒素化学型分析.植物病理学报,41(5):486-494]
Su FR,Song X,Sun H,Liu H.2007.The state of mycotoxin maximum limit of grain.Science and Technology of Cereals,Oils and Foods,15(6):57-59(in Chinese)[苏福荣,松雪,孙辉,刘焓.2007.国内外粮食中真菌毒素限量标准制定的现状与分析.粮油食品科技,15(6):57-59]
Sun J,Li WX,Zhang Y,Sun LJ,Dong XL,Hu XX,Wang BJ.2014.Simultaneous determination of twelve mycotoxins in cereals by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Acta Agronomica Sinica,40(4):691-701(in Chinese)[孙娟,李为喜,张妍,孙丽娟,董晓丽,胡学旭,王步军.2014.用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定谷物12种真菌毒素.作物学报,40(4):691-701]
Wu J,Liu TG,Gao L,Zhu BC,Chen WQ.2009.Determination of 4Fusarium mycotoxins using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its contamination analysisin wheat.Journal of Plant Protection,36(2):106-112(in Chinese)[吴杰,刘太国,高利,朱宝成,陈万权.2009.小麦四种镰刀菌毒素的ELISA检测及毒素污染分析.植物保护学报,36(2):106-112]
Xue HL,Bi Y,Wang Y,Ge YH,Li YC.2013.Advance on toxicity,detection and detoxification of trichothecenes.Food Science,34(17):350-355(in Chinese)[薛华丽,毕阳,王毅,葛永红,李永才.2013.单端孢霉烯族毒素毒性、检测和脱毒研究进展.食品科学,34(17):350-355]
Yao ZY,Yin XC,Yu MZ,Dong F,Ji F,Xu JH,Shi JR.2016.Effect of water content and storage conditions on DON and NIV in wheat during storage.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,44(12):300-303(in Chinese)[姚振宇,殷宪超,俞明正,董飞,祭芳,徐剑宏,史建荣.2016.含水量、储存条件对储存期小麦中DON、NIV毒素含量变化的影响.江苏农业科学,44(12):300-303]
Yu Z,Guo TC,Chen ZS,Li DW,Liu QY.1987.Wheat Fusarium head blight and its management.Zhengzhou:Henan Science and Technology Press,pp.31-39(in Chinese)[喻璋,郭天财,陈志申,李大伟,刘庆元.1987.小麦赤霉病及其防治.郑州:河南科学技术出版社,pp.31-39]
Zinedine A,Soriano JM,MoltóJC,Ma?es J.2007.Review on the toxicity,occurrence,metabolism,detoxification,regulations and intake of zearalenone:an oestrogenic mycotoxin.Food&Chemical Toxicology,45(1):1-18
Boonchuvit B,Hamilton PB,Burmeister HR.1975.Interaction of T-2toxin with Salmonella infections of chickens.Poultry Science,54(5):1693-1696
Chen Y,Li HK,Chen CJ,Zhou MG.2008.Sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum,to fungicide JS399-19:in vitro,determination of baseline sensitivity and the risk of developing fungicide resistance.Phytoparasitica,36(4):326-337
Cheng SH,Zhang Y,Bie TD,Gao DR,Zhang BQ.2012.Damage of wheat Fusarium head blight(FHB)epidemics and genetic improvement of wheat for scab resistance in China.Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,28(5):938-942(in Chinese)[程顺和,张勇,别同德,高德荣,张伯桥.2012.中国小麦赤霉病的危害及抗性遗传改良.江苏农业学报,28(5):938-942]
Fan PS,Zhou MG,Chen CJ,Wang JX.2015.Study on the control index of wheat dead blight caused by Gibberella zeae.Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,34(5):81-85(in Chinese)[樊平声,周明国,陈长军,王建新.2015.DON毒素作为小麦赤霉病损失率评估及防治指标的研究.山地农业生物学报,34(5):81-85]
Frankic T,Pajk T,Rezar V,Levart A,Salobir J.2006.The role of dietary nucleotides in reduction of DNA damage induced by T-2toxin and deoxynivalenol in chicken leukocytes.Food&Chemical Toxicology,44(11):1838-1844
Huo ZG,Yao CW,Jiang RZ,Zhao SJ.1996.A study on prediction models of maximum entropy method of winter wheat scab in China.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,26(2):117-122(in Chinese)[霍治国,姚彩文,姜瑞中,赵圣菊.1996.我国小麦赤霉病最大熵谱预报模式研究.植物病理学报,26(2):117-122]
Kuipergoodman T,Scott PM,Watanabe H.1987.Risk assessment of the mycotoxin zearalenone.Regul Toxicol Pharmacol,7(3):253-306
Lee JK,Chang IY,Kim H,Yun SH,Leslie JF,Lee YW.2009.Genetic diversity and fitness of Fusarium graminearum populations from rice in Korea.Applied&Environmental Microbiology,75(10):3289-3295
Li JY,Wan L,Yang MH.2011.Limit standard of mycotoxins and advances in studies on its application in Chinese materia medica.Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,42(3):602-609(in Chinese)[李峻媛,万丽,杨美华.2011.真菌毒素限量标准及其在中药中的研究进展.中草药,42(3):602-609]
Liu Y,Wang PY,Liu XP,Wang JH,Liang NN,Han S.2014.Review of current Chinese regulations of maximum residue levels and testing standard of mycotoxin in foods and feeds.China Brewing,33(7):10-19(in Chinese)[刘萤,王珮玥,刘雪平,王金花,梁娜娜,韩深.2014.我国现行食品与饲料中真菌毒素限量及检测标准概述.中国酿造,33(7):10-19]
Pettersson H,Hedman R,Engstr?m B,Elwinger K,Fossuml O.1995.Nivalenol in Swedish cereals:occurrence,production and toxicity towards chickens.Food Additives and Contaminants,12(3):373-376
Royer D,Humpf HU,Guy PA.2004.Quantitative analysis of Fusarium mycotoxins in maize using accelerated solvent extraction before liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry.Food Additives and Contaminants,21(7):678-692
Shen CM,Hu YC,Sun HY,Li W,Guo JH,Chen HG.2012.Geographic distribution of trichothecene chemotypes of the Fusarium graminearum species complex in major winter wheat production areas of China.Plant Disease,96(968):1172-1178
Shen HH,Yang MH,Ouyang Z.2010.Advances in studies on DONand NIV of Fusarium toxin.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,38(16):8425-8428(in Chinese)[申红红,杨美华,欧阳臻.2010.镰刀菌毒素DON和NIV研究进展.安徽农业科学,38(16):8425-8428]
Shi JR,Liu X,Qiu JB,Ji F,Xu JH,Dong F,Yin XC,Ran JJ.2014.Deoxynivalenol contamination in wheat and its management.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,47(18):3641-3654(in Chinese)[史建荣,刘馨,仇剑波,祭芳,徐剑宏,董飞,殷宪超,冉军舰.2014.小麦中镰刀菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇污染现状与防控研究进展.中国农业科学,47(18):3641-3654]
Shi WQ,Yang LJ,Feng J,Zhang X,Zeng FS,Xiang LB,Wang H,Yu DZ.2011.Analysis on the population structure of Fusarium pathogenic spp.and its mycotoxin chemotypes in Fusarium head blight epidemic region.Acta Phytopathlogica Sinica,41(5):486-494(in Chinese)[史文琦,杨立军,冯洁,张旭,曾凡松,向礼波,汪华,喻大昭.2011.小麦赤霉病流行区镰刀菌致病种及毒素化学型分析.植物病理学报,41(5):486-494]
Su FR,Song X,Sun H,Liu H.2007.The state of mycotoxin maximum limit of grain.Science and Technology of Cereals,Oils and Foods,15(6):57-59(in Chinese)[苏福荣,松雪,孙辉,刘焓.2007.国内外粮食中真菌毒素限量标准制定的现状与分析.粮油食品科技,15(6):57-59]
Sun J,Li WX,Zhang Y,Sun LJ,Dong XL,Hu XX,Wang BJ.2014.Simultaneous determination of twelve mycotoxins in cereals by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Acta Agronomica Sinica,40(4):691-701(in Chinese)[孙娟,李为喜,张妍,孙丽娟,董晓丽,胡学旭,王步军.2014.用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定谷物12种真菌毒素.作物学报,40(4):691-701]
Wu J,Liu TG,Gao L,Zhu BC,Chen WQ.2009.Determination of 4Fusarium mycotoxins using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its contamination analysisin wheat.Journal of Plant Protection,36(2):106-112(in Chinese)[吴杰,刘太国,高利,朱宝成,陈万权.2009.小麦四种镰刀菌毒素的ELISA检测及毒素污染分析.植物保护学报,36(2):106-112]
Xue HL,Bi Y,Wang Y,Ge YH,Li YC.2013.Advance on toxicity,detection and detoxification of trichothecenes.Food Science,34(17):350-355(in Chinese)[薛华丽,毕阳,王毅,葛永红,李永才.2013.单端孢霉烯族毒素毒性、检测和脱毒研究进展.食品科学,34(17):350-355]
Yao ZY,Yin XC,Yu MZ,Dong F,Ji F,Xu JH,Shi JR.2016.Effect of water content and storage conditions on DON and NIV in wheat during storage.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,44(12):300-303(in Chinese)[姚振宇,殷宪超,俞明正,董飞,祭芳,徐剑宏,史建荣.2016.含水量、储存条件对储存期小麦中DON、NIV毒素含量变化的影响.江苏农业科学,44(12):300-303]
Yu Z,Guo TC,Chen ZS,Li DW,Liu QY.1987.Wheat Fusarium head blight and its management.Zhengzhou:Henan Science and Technology Press,pp.31-39(in Chinese)[喻璋,郭天财,陈志申,李大伟,刘庆元.1987.小麦赤霉病及其防治.郑州:河南科学技术出版社,pp.31-39]
Zinedine A,Soriano JM,MoltóJC,Ma?es J.2007.Review on the toxicity,occurrence,metabolism,detoxification,regulations and intake of zearalenone:an oestrogenic mycotoxin.Food&Chemical Toxicology,45(1):1-18
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