低压变频器对电网电压暂降耐受特性及兼容性研究
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摘要
通过机理分析和试验研究,深入分析变频器受电压暂降影响的现象和机理。选取国内市场有代表性的七种品牌的中小功率(7.5kW和18.5kW)低压变频器,测试多种因素对变频器暂降耐受特性的影响,并通过对13 000余组试验数据的综合分析与处理提取低压变频器在最严重暂降类型(三相暂降)下的通用耐受曲线。提出一种考虑不确定区域兼容概率的兼容性分析方法,以试验数据和实测电网电压暂降事件作为样本数据,利用对数变换改进的最大熵法建立变频器不确定区域的故障概率模型以及电网暂降幅值和持续时间的概率分布模型,计算不确定区域中的兼容概率和总兼容次数,并与其他概率拟合方法和传统兼容性分析方法进行比较,验证了本文方法的有效性和精确性。
Firstly, the performance and mechanism of the variable-frequency drive(VFD) affected by voltage sags were deeply analyzed by theoretical analysis and experiments. Then, 7 representative brands of VFDs in domestic market with small and medium power(7.5 kW & 18.5 kW) were selected as the samples. The influence of various factors was tested on the sample VFDs. Further, the general tolerance curves of VFDs under the most severe sag type(three-phase sag) were obtained by comprehensive analysis of more than 13 000 groups of test data. Moreover, a method considering the compatibility probability of uncertain region was proposed. In this method, based on test data and measured sags, the probability distribution models were established using the modified maximum entropy method improved by logarithmic transformation, which include the models of fault probability of VFDs in uncertain region and amplitude and duration of sags in the distribution system. Then, the compatibility probability in uncertain area and total numbers for no trip were calculated. Finally,compared with other probabilistic fitting methods and traditional compatibility analysis methods, the validity and accuracy of the proposed method were verified.
Firstly, the performance and mechanism of the variable-frequency drive(VFD) affected by voltage sags were deeply analyzed by theoretical analysis and experiments. Then, 7 representative brands of VFDs in domestic market with small and medium power(7.5 kW & 18.5 kW) were selected as the samples. The influence of various factors was tested on the sample VFDs. Further, the general tolerance curves of VFDs under the most severe sag type(three-phase sag) were obtained by comprehensive analysis of more than 13 000 groups of test data. Moreover, a method considering the compatibility probability of uncertain region was proposed. In this method, based on test data and measured sags, the probability distribution models were established using the modified maximum entropy method improved by logarithmic transformation, which include the models of fault probability of VFDs in uncertain region and amplitude and duration of sags in the distribution system. Then, the compatibility probability in uncertain area and total numbers for no trip were calculated. Finally,compared with other probabilistic fitting methods and traditional compatibility analysis methods, the validity and accuracy of the proposed method were verified.
引文
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[18]王亚奇.电铁牵引负荷扰动电流概率分布模型研究[D].北京:华北电力大学, 2017.
[19]DjokicSZ,MunshiSM,CresswellCE.The influenceofovercurrentandundervoltageprotection settingsonASDsensitivity tovoltagesags andshort interruptions[C]//Proceedingsof20084thIET ConferenceonPowerElectronics,Machinesand Drives, York, UK, 2008:130-134.
[20]StdP1668-2014IEEEStandardAssociation.IEEE trial-userecommendedpracticeforvoltagesagand shortinterruptionride-throughtestingforend-use electricalequipmentratedlessthan1000V[S].New York, 2014.
[21]王兆安,刘进军.电力电子技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2009.
[22]徐永海,兰巧倩,洪旺松.交流接触器对电压暂降敏感度的试验研究[J].电工技术学报, 2015, 30(21):136-146.XuYonghai,LanQiaoqian,HongWangsong.ExperimentalresearchonACcontactorsensitivity duringvoltagesags[J].TransactionsofChina Electrotechnial Society, 2015, 30(21):136-146.
[23]吴亚盆,刘颖英,徐永海.可编程序控制器对电压暂降敏感度的试验研究[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(6):1422-1430.Wu Yapen, Liu Yingying, Xu Yonghai. Experimental researchonPLCssensitivityduringvoltagesags[J].TransactionsofChinaElectrotechnialSociety,2018,33(6):1422-1430.
[2]WeldemariamLE,G?rtnerHJ,CukV,etal.The performanceofsensitiveequipmenttovoltagedips from field measurements[C]//Proceedings of the 201512thIEEEAfriconinternationalConference-Green InnovationforAfricanRenaissance,AddisAbaba,Ethiopia, 2015:1-5.
[3]邵文权,王龙,王建波,等.火电厂给煤机变频器电压暂降抗扰力[J].电力建设,2015,36(3):88-93.ShaoWenquan,WangLong,WangJianbo,etal.Voltagesagimmunityofcoalfeederinverterin powerplants[J].ElectricPowerConstruction,2015,36(3):88-93.
[4]吴跨宇,卢岑岑,陈凯,等.低压变频器及其电压支撑装置测试系统研究开发[J].浙江电力,2016,35(2):1-6.Wu Kuayu, Lu Cencen, Chen Kai, et al. Research and developmentoftestingsystemforlowvoltage frequency converter and its voltage support device[J].Zhejiang Electric Power, 2016, 35(2):1-6.
[5]李江龙,王丽,陈文波.基于直流供电技术的电压暂降保护系统研究[J].电源学报,2015,13(5):105-111.LiJianglong,WangLi,ChenWenbo.Researchon voltagesagprotectionbasedonDCpowersupply technology[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2015, 13(5):105-111.
[6]BollenMathHJ.Understandingpowerquality problems:voltage sags and interruptions[M]. Piscataway NJ:IEEE Press, 1999.
[7]DjokicSZ,StockmanK,MilanoviJV,etal.SensitivityofACadjustablespeeddrivestovoltage sags and short interruptions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2005, 20(1):494-505.
[8]WeldemariamLE,G?rtnerHJ,CukV,etal.Experimentalinvestigationonthesensitivityofan industrialprocesstovoltagedips[C]//Proceedingsof2015IEEEEindhovenPowerTech,Eindhoven,Netherlands, 2015:1-6.
[9]徐永海,陶顺,肖湘宁.电网中电压暂降和短时间中断[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2015.
[10]WorkingGroupC4.110.Voltagedipimmunityof equipment and installations[R]. CIGRE, 2010.
[11]IEEEStd1346-1998IEEErecommendedpractice forevaluatingelectricpowersystemcompatibility with electronic process equipment[S]. 1998.
[12]DL/T1648-201发电厂及变电站辅机变频器高低电压穿越技术规范[S].中国电力企业联合会, 2016.
[13]MartinezJA,Martin-ArnedoJ.Voltagesagstudies indistributionnetworks,partⅡ:voltagesag assessment[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006, 21(3):1670-1678.
[14]JhanYC,MilanovicJV.Methodologyfor assessment of financial losses due to voltage sags and shortinterruptions[C]//9thInternationalConference onElectricalPowerQualityandUtilisation,Barcelona,Spain,2007,DOI:10.1109/EPQU.2007.4424119.
[15]肖先勇,马超,杨洪耕,等.用电压暂降严重程度和最大熵评估负荷电压暂降敏感度[J].中国电机工程学报, 2009, 29(31):115-121.XiaoXianyong,MaChao,YangHonggeng,etal.Stochasticestimationofequipmentsensitivityto voltagesagbasedonvoltagesagseverityindexand maximumentropyprinciple[J].Proceedingsofthe CSEE, 2009, 29(31):115-121.
[16]贾清泉,艾丽,董海艳,等.考虑不确定性的电压暂降不兼容度和影响度评价指标及方法[J].电工技术学报, 2017, 32(1):48-57.Jia Qingquan, Ai Li, Dong Haiyan, et al. Uncertainty descriptionandassessmentofincompatibility&influenceindexforvoltagesags[J].Transactionsof China Electrotechnial Society, 2017, 32(1):48-57.
[17]LuChan-Nan,ShenCheng-Chieh.Estimationof sensitiveequipmentdisruptionsduetovoltage sags[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2007,22(2):1132-1137.
[18]王亚奇.电铁牵引负荷扰动电流概率分布模型研究[D].北京:华北电力大学, 2017.
[19]DjokicSZ,MunshiSM,CresswellCE.The influenceofovercurrentandundervoltageprotection settingsonASDsensitivity tovoltagesags andshort interruptions[C]//Proceedingsof20084thIET ConferenceonPowerElectronics,Machinesand Drives, York, UK, 2008:130-134.
[20]StdP1668-2014IEEEStandardAssociation.IEEE trial-userecommendedpracticeforvoltagesagand shortinterruptionride-throughtestingforend-use electricalequipmentratedlessthan1000V[S].New York, 2014.
[21]王兆安,刘进军.电力电子技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2009.
[22]徐永海,兰巧倩,洪旺松.交流接触器对电压暂降敏感度的试验研究[J].电工技术学报, 2015, 30(21):136-146.XuYonghai,LanQiaoqian,HongWangsong.ExperimentalresearchonACcontactorsensitivity duringvoltagesags[J].TransactionsofChina Electrotechnial Society, 2015, 30(21):136-146.
[23]吴亚盆,刘颖英,徐永海.可编程序控制器对电压暂降敏感度的试验研究[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(6):1422-1430.Wu Yapen, Liu Yingying, Xu Yonghai. Experimental researchonPLCssensitivityduringvoltagesags[J].TransactionsofChinaElectrotechnialSociety,2018,33(6):1422-1430.
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