新型城轨电车混合动力系统能量管理策略
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摘要
采用燃料电池、蓄电池和超级电容混合动力的无接触网城轨列车供电方式,已经逐渐发展成为有轨电车动力系统的一种理想方案。针对车载混合动力系统能量管理问题,在状态机控制策略的基础上引入功率解耦控制,由燃料电池满足低频负载功率,由辅助供电单元满足高频负载功率,通过状态机再次进行能量分配与管理。通过仿真实验,与未加功率解耦控制的状态机控制进行对比分析。仿真实验表明:控制策略可有效降低燃料电池的运行压力,并且能够充分利用辅助供电单元,减小锂电池在低荷电状态时高负载需求功率情况下的运行压力,提高了动力系统对于多变性负载和高功率负载供电的可靠性。
The fuel-cell hybrid power system of catenary free tramcar consisting of fuel cells, batteries and supercapacitors has gradually developed into an ideal solution for the tramcar power system. Aiming at the energy management problem of vehicle-mounted hybrid power system, the power decoupling control based on the state machine control strategy was introduced. The fuel cell as well as the auxiliary power supply unit were used to meet the low and high frequency load power respectively. The energy was distributed and managed again through the state machine. The proposed control strategy was compared with the state machine control without power decoupling control by simulation experiments. The results show that the proposed control strategy can effectively reduce the operating pressure of the fuel cell, and fully utilize the auxiliary power to reduce the operating pressure of the lithium battery under the condition of high load demand power and the low state of charge, which can improve the power supply reliability of the power system under the condition of variable loads and high power loads.
The fuel-cell hybrid power system of catenary free tramcar consisting of fuel cells, batteries and supercapacitors has gradually developed into an ideal solution for the tramcar power system. Aiming at the energy management problem of vehicle-mounted hybrid power system, the power decoupling control based on the state machine control strategy was introduced. The fuel cell as well as the auxiliary power supply unit were used to meet the low and high frequency load power respectively. The energy was distributed and managed again through the state machine. The proposed control strategy was compared with the state machine control without power decoupling control by simulation experiments. The results show that the proposed control strategy can effectively reduce the operating pressure of the fuel cell, and fully utilize the auxiliary power to reduce the operating pressure of the lithium battery under the condition of high load demand power and the low state of charge, which can improve the power supply reliability of the power system under the condition of variable loads and high power loads.
引文
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[16] 张野,郭力,贾宏杰,等.基于电池荷电状态和可变滤波时间常数的储能控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(6):34-38.ZHANG Ye,GUO Li,JIA Hongjie,et al.Energy Storage Control Method Based on Battery State of Charge and Variable Filter Time Constant[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(6):34-38.
[17] 王伟,薛金花,叶季蕾,等.基于SOC调控的用于抑制光伏波动的电池储能优化控制方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014(2):75-80.WANG Wei,XUE Jinhua,YE Jilei,et al.Optimal Control Method of Battery Energy Storage for Suppressing Photovoltaic Fluctuation Based on SOC Regulation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014(2):75-80.
[18] NJOYA S M,TREMBLAY O,DESSAINT L.A Generic Fuel Cell Model for the Simulation of Fuel Cell Vehicles[C]//2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society Ceneral Meeting.New York:IEEE,2009:1-8.
[19] GAO L,LIU S,DOUGAL R.Dynamic Lithium-ion Battery Model for System Simulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Components & Packaging Technologies,2002,25(3):495-505.
[20] HAN J,CHARPENTIER J F,TANG T.An Energy Management System of a Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Boat[J].Energies,2014,7(5):2799-2820.
[21] 麻友良,陈全世,齐占宁.电动汽车用电池SOC定义与检测方法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2001,41(11):95-97.MA Youliang,CHEN Quanshi,QI Zhanning.Battery SOC Definition and Detection Method for Electric Vehicles[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2001,41(11):95-97.
[22] MOTAPON S N,DESSAINT L A,AL-HADDAD K.A Comparative Study of Energy Management Schemes for a Fuel-Cell Hybrid Emergency Power System of More-Electric Aircraft[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,61(3):1320-1334.
[2] 陈维荣,张国瑞,孟翔,等.燃料电池混合动力有轨电车动力性分析与设计[J].西南交通大学学报,2017,52(1):1-8.CHEN Weirong,ZHANG Guorui,MENG Xiang,et al.Dynamic Analysis and Design of Fuel Cell Hybrid Tram[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2017,52(1):1-8.
[3] 陈维荣,卜庆元,刘志祥,等.燃料电池混合动力有轨电车动力系统设计[J].西南交通大学学报,2016,51(3):430-436.CHEN Weirong,BU Qingyuan,LIU Zhixiang,et al.Design of Fuel Cell Hybrid Tramway Power System[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2016,51(3):430-436.
[4] SALMASI F R.Control Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles:Evolution,Classification,Comparison,and Future Trends[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2007,56(5):2393-2404.
[5] GARCIA P,FERNANDEZ L M,GARCIA C A,et al.Energy Management System of Fuel-cell-battery Hybrid Tramway[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(12):4013-4023.
[6] LI C Y,LIU G P.Optimal Fuzzy Power Control and Management of Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Vehicles[J].Journal of Power Sources,2009,192(2):525-533.
[7] 沈登峰,王晨,于海生,等.复合功率分流混合动力汽车能量管理策略研究[J].汽车工程,2017,39(1):15-22.SHEN Dengfeng,WANG Chen,YU Haisheng,et al.Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Power Split Hybrid Vehicles[J].Automobile Engineering,2017,39(1):15-22.
[8] GARCíA P,TORREGLOSA J P,FERNáNDEZ L M,et al.Viability Study of a FC-battery-SC Tramway Controlled by Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2012,37(11):9368-9382.
[9] RODATZ P,PAGANELLI G,SCIARRETTA A,et al.Optimal Power Management of an Experimental Fuel Cell/supercapacitor-powered Hybrid Vehicle[J].Control Engineering Practice,2005,13(1):41-53.
[10] 金振华,欧阳明高,卢青春,等.燃料电池混合动力系统优化控制策略[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2009,49(2):273-276.JIN Zhenhua,OUYANG Minggao,LU Qingchun,et al.Optimum Control Strategy of Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Natural Science Edition),2009,49(2):273-276.
[11] 胡瑾瑜,宋珂,章桐.基于神经网络的增程式电动汽车能量管理策略研究[J].佳木斯大学学报(自然科学版),2011,29(6):829-832.HU Jinyu,SONG Ke,ZHANG Tong.Research on Energy Management Strategy of Extended Range Electric Vehicle Based on Neural Network[J].Journal of Jiamusi University(Natural Science),2011,29(6):829-832.
[12] PARK J,CHEN Z,KILIARIS L,et al.Intelligent Vehicle Power Control Based on Machine Learning of Optimal Control Parameters and Prediction of Road Type and Traffic Congestion[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2009,58(9):4741-4756.
[13] POURSAMAD A,GHALICHI B.Application of Genetic Algorithm for Optimization of Control Strategy in Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles[J].Journal of the Franklin Institute,2006,343(4):420-435.
[14] 徐梁飞,卢兰光,李建秋,等.燃料电池混合动力系统建模及能量管理算法仿真[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(1):141-147.XU Liangfei,LU Languang,LI Jianqiu,et al.Simulation of Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Modeling and Energy Management Algorithm[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Engineering,2009,45(1):141-147.
[15] 贠海涛,谭建荣,赵玉兰.燃料电池混合动力系统的功率平衡控制[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2015,49(3):488-496.YUN Haitao,TAN Jianrong,ZHAO Yulan.Power Balance Control of Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2015,49(3):488-496.
[16] 张野,郭力,贾宏杰,等.基于电池荷电状态和可变滤波时间常数的储能控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(6):34-38.ZHANG Ye,GUO Li,JIA Hongjie,et al.Energy Storage Control Method Based on Battery State of Charge and Variable Filter Time Constant[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(6):34-38.
[17] 王伟,薛金花,叶季蕾,等.基于SOC调控的用于抑制光伏波动的电池储能优化控制方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014(2):75-80.WANG Wei,XUE Jinhua,YE Jilei,et al.Optimal Control Method of Battery Energy Storage for Suppressing Photovoltaic Fluctuation Based on SOC Regulation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014(2):75-80.
[18] NJOYA S M,TREMBLAY O,DESSAINT L.A Generic Fuel Cell Model for the Simulation of Fuel Cell Vehicles[C]//2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society Ceneral Meeting.New York:IEEE,2009:1-8.
[19] GAO L,LIU S,DOUGAL R.Dynamic Lithium-ion Battery Model for System Simulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Components & Packaging Technologies,2002,25(3):495-505.
[20] HAN J,CHARPENTIER J F,TANG T.An Energy Management System of a Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Boat[J].Energies,2014,7(5):2799-2820.
[21] 麻友良,陈全世,齐占宁.电动汽车用电池SOC定义与检测方法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2001,41(11):95-97.MA Youliang,CHEN Quanshi,QI Zhanning.Battery SOC Definition and Detection Method for Electric Vehicles[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2001,41(11):95-97.
[22] MOTAPON S N,DESSAINT L A,AL-HADDAD K.A Comparative Study of Energy Management Schemes for a Fuel-Cell Hybrid Emergency Power System of More-Electric Aircraft[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,61(3):1320-1334.
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