计算气动光学研究进展
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摘要
计算气动光学是采用数值计算的方法研究高速空气动力流场对光波传输和光学成像影响的一门交叉学科,在红外成像制导设计等工程应用中发挥着重要的作用。总结了计算气动光学研究的三种基本计算方法,包括基于CFD简化方法的光学统计估算、基于RANS流场的计算和基于LES/DNS瞬态流场的计算,对这三种计算方法的基本理论、计算过程进行了介绍,综述了新近的一些计算气动光学研究进展,最后指出了未来的研究重点和方向。
Computational aero-optics is the interdisciplinary science to study the influence of the high speed flow fields on the optical transmission and imaging with the method of numerical simulation.It plays an important role in the optical applications such as the system design of infrared imaging guidance.Three type of methods for the computational aero-optics study were summarized,including statistical optics approaches based on CFD engineering calculation,geometry/Fourier optics method based on the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS),and geometry/Fourier optics based on the large eddy simulation(LES)/direct numerical simulation(DNS).The theory and the compute technique of these three methods were introduced.The recent study on the computational aero-optics was summarized,and the emphasis of future work was point out.
Computational aero-optics is the interdisciplinary science to study the influence of the high speed flow fields on the optical transmission and imaging with the method of numerical simulation.It plays an important role in the optical applications such as the system design of infrared imaging guidance.Three type of methods for the computational aero-optics study were summarized,including statistical optics approaches based on CFD engineering calculation,geometry/Fourier optics method based on the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS),and geometry/Fourier optics based on the large eddy simulation(LES)/direct numerical simulation(DNS).The theory and the compute technique of these three methods were introduced.The recent study on the computational aero-optics was summarized,and the emphasis of future work was point out.
引文
[1]JUMPER E J,FITZGERALD E J.Recent advances in aerooptics[J].Progress in Aerospace Sciences,2001,37:299-339.
[2]WISSLER J B,ROSHKO A.Transmission of thin light beams through turbulent mixing layers[R].AIAA 1992-0658,1992.
[3]MAHAJAN V N.Strehl ratio for primary aberration in terms of their aberration variance[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America,1983,73(6):860-861.
[4]SUTTON G W.Aero-optical foundations and applications[J].AIAA Journal,1985,23(10):1525-1537.
[5]殷兴良.气动光学原理[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2003.
[6]LIEPMANN H W.Deflection and diffusion of a light ray passing through a boundary layer[R].Report Sm-14397,Douglas Aircraft company,California,1952.
[7]STINE H A,WINOVICH W.Light diffusion through highspeed turbulent boundary layers[R].Research Memorandum A56B21,NACA,1956.
[8]SUTTON G W.Effects of turbulent fluctuations in an optically active fluid medium[J].AIAA Journal,1969,7(9):1737-1743.
[9]GILBERT K G,OTTEN L J.Aero-optical phenomena[M]//Progress in astronautics and aeronautics.New York:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,1982.
[10]FITZGERALD E J,JUMPER E J.Further consideration of compressibility effects on shear layer optical distortion[R].AIAA-1999-3617,1999.
[11]LANDERMAN A D,MOTOOKA W D.Aero-optics effects of airborne laser turrets[R].AIAA-87-1397,1987.
[12]HAVENER G.Optical wave front variance:a study on analytic model in use today[R].AIAA-92-0654,1992.
[13]殷兴良.高速飞行器气动光学传输效应的工程计算方法[J].中国工程科学,2006,8(11):74-79.YIN X L.An engineering method to calculate transmitting effect of aero-optics for hypersonic interceptor[J].Engineering Sciences,2006,8(11):74-79.
[14]史可天,马汉东.可压缩混合层气动光学效应研究[J].计算物理,2010,27(1):65-72.SHI K T,MA H D.Aero-optical effects in compressible mixing layers[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Physics,2010,27(1):65-72.
[15]VIEGAS J R,RUBESIN M W.A comparative study of several compressibility corrections to turbulence models applied to high-speed shear layers[R].AIAA-1991-1783,1991.
[16]CHRISTOPHER J R,FREDERICK G B.Methodology for turbulence model validation:application to hypersonic flows[J].Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,2003,40(3):313-325.
[17]陈澄,费锦东.侧窗头罩高速层流流场光学传输效应数值模拟[J].红外与激光工程,2005,34(5):548-552.CHEN C,FEI J D.Numerical simulation on the optical transmission distortions throughout the laminar flow field[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2005,34(5):548-552.
[18]乔亚天.梯度折射率光学[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[19]TATARSKI V I.Wave propagation in a turbulent medium[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1967.
[20]GOODMAN J W.Introduction to Fourier optics[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1968.
[21]王楚,汤俊雄.光学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001.
[22]GIERLOFF J,ROBERTSON S J.Computer analysis of aerooptic effects[R].AIAA 1992-2794,1992.
[23]潘宏禄,苏鹏辉,程晓丽,等.气动光学效应湍流脉动模型系数修正[J].气体物理,2015,10(2):36-46.PAN H L,SU P H,CHENG X L,et al.Model coefficient revision on supersonic turbulent pulse for aero-optical effect[J].Physics of Gases,2015,10(2):36-46
[24]苏鹏辉,潘宏禄,李俊红.基于RANS的湍流密度脉动数值预测[J].气体物理,2015,10(2):47-52.SU P H,PAN H L,LI J H.Turbulent densityfluctuation prediction using RANS[J].Physics of Gases,2015,10(2):47-52.
[25]闫溟,史可天,马汉东.针对气动光学效应的RANS计算方法研究[J].空气动力学学报,2013,31(4):462-465.YAN M,SHI K T,MA H D.A study on RANS computation for aero-optical effects[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2013,31(4):462-465.
[26]CLARK R,BANISH M,HAMMER J.Fundamentals of aerooptics phenomena[R].AIAA 1994-2545,1994.
[27]陈澄,费锦东.侧窗头罩高速层流流场光学传输效应数值模拟[J].红外与激光工程,2005,34(5):548-552.CHEN C,FEI J D.Numerical simulation on the optical transmission distortions throughout the laminar flow field[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2005,34(5):548-552.
[28]史可天.可压缩自由剪切层气动光学效应[D].北京:中国航天空气动力技术研究院,2009.SHI K T.Aero-optical effects in compressible mixing layers[D].Beijing:China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics,2009.
[29]史可天,程晓丽,马汉东.光学头罩绕流流场气动光学效应数值模拟[J].红外与激光工程,2010,39(1):6-11.SHI K T,CHENG X L,MA H D.Numerical simulation of aero-optical effects for the flow field around the optical window[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2010,39(1):6-11.
[30]陈勇,郭隆德,张龙,等.带凹窗斜劈高速湍流气动光学效应研究[J].空气动力学学报,2010,28(6):666-671.CHEN Y,GUO L D,ZHANG L,et al.Investigation on aerooptical effects of high-speed turbulence over a slope with a cavity[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2010,28(6):666-671.
[31]张黎,刘国栋,王贵兵.光学窗口外形对气动光学效应的影响[J].强激光与粒子束,2010,22(12):2834-2838.ZHANG L,LIU G D,WANG G B.Influence of optical window shape on aero-optic effects[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2010,22(12):2834-2838.
[32]万士正,常晓飞,闫杰.红外空空导弹气动光学传输效应分析方法[J].西北工业大学学报,2015,33(4):621-626.WAN S Z,CHANG X F,YAN J.Research method of aerooptical transmission effect for IR air to air missiles[J].Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University,2015,33(4):621-626.
[33]是勋刚.湍流[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1994.
[34]LUI C,LELE S K.Direct numerical simulation of spatially developing,compressible,turbulent mixing layers[R].AIAA2001-0291,2001.
[35]SHI K T,LI P F,ZHANG L,et al.Aero-optical effects in temporal developing mixing layer[C].8th International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics.Cheng du:CARDC,2014.
[36]DORIS L,TENAUD C,PHNOC L T.LES of spatially developing 3D compressible mixing layer[J].Computational Fluid Mechanics,2000,328:567-573.
[37]NELSON C,MENON S.Unsteady simulations of compressible spatial mixing layers[R].AIAA 1998-0786,1998.
[38]潘宏禄,史可天,马汉东.DNS/LES方法在剪切湍流模拟中的应用[J].空气动力学学报,2009,27(4):444-450.PAN H L,SHI K T,MA H D.DNS/LES method application in shear turbulence[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2009,27(4):444-450.
[39]潘宏禄,马汉东,沈清.基于LES方法的平板非定常激波/湍流边界层干扰研究[J].航空学报,2011,32(2):242-248.PAN H L,MA H D,SHEN Q.LES application to unsteady flat plate shock wave/turbulent Boundary Layer interaction[J].Acta Aeronautica Et Astronautica Sinica,2011,32(2):242-248.
[40]陈勇.气动光学效应的数值模拟方法[D].四川绵阳:中国空气动力研究与发展中心,2006.CHEN Y.Numerical simulation method for aero-optical effect[D].Mianyang Sichuan:China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,2006.
[41]WHITE M D.High-order paraxial beam approximation for aero-optics[R].AIAA 2008-1075,2008.
[42]WHITE M D,MORGANY P E,VISBALZ M R.Highfidelity aero-Optical analysis[R].AIAA 2010-433,2010.
[43]VISBAL M R,RIZZETTA D P.Effects of flow excitation on aero-optical aberration[R].AIAA 2008-1074,2008.
[44]史可天,马汉东.基于波面拟合的可压缩剪切层气动光学效应分析[J].空气动力学学报,2013,31(6):758-762.SHI K T,MA H D.Analysis of aero-optical effects in compressible shear layers based on wavefront fitting[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2013,31(6):758-762.
[45]WANG K,WANG M.Aero-optical distortions by subsonic turbulent boundary layers[R].AIAA 2011-3278,2011.
[46]SEIDEL J,SIEGEL S,MCLAUGHLIN T.Computational investigation of aero-optical distortions in a free shear layer[R].AIAA 2009-362,2009.
[47]ERIC J,JUMPER E J,ZENK M,et al.Airborne aero-optics laboratory[J].Optical Engineering,2013,52(7),071408.
[48]MATHEWS E,WANG K,WANG M,et al.LES of an aerooptical turret flow at high Reynolds number[R].AIAA 2016-1461,2016.
[49]MATHEWS E,WANG K,WANG M,et al.Numerical investigation of aero-optical distortions over a hemisphere-oncylinder turret with gaps[R].AIAA 2015-3248,2015.
[50]SHE Z S,HU N,WU Y.Structural ensemble dynamics based closure model for wall-bounded turbulent flow[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica,2009,25:731-736.
[51]陈军,佘振苏.面向工程应用的湍流结构分析[R].2007年度中国力学学会学术大会,北京,2007.CHEN J,SHE Z S.The coherent structure analysis of turbulent flow fields for the engineering applications[R].Proceedings of the Chinese Conference of Theoretical and Applied mechanics,Beijing,2007.
[2]WISSLER J B,ROSHKO A.Transmission of thin light beams through turbulent mixing layers[R].AIAA 1992-0658,1992.
[3]MAHAJAN V N.Strehl ratio for primary aberration in terms of their aberration variance[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America,1983,73(6):860-861.
[4]SUTTON G W.Aero-optical foundations and applications[J].AIAA Journal,1985,23(10):1525-1537.
[5]殷兴良.气动光学原理[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2003.
[6]LIEPMANN H W.Deflection and diffusion of a light ray passing through a boundary layer[R].Report Sm-14397,Douglas Aircraft company,California,1952.
[7]STINE H A,WINOVICH W.Light diffusion through highspeed turbulent boundary layers[R].Research Memorandum A56B21,NACA,1956.
[8]SUTTON G W.Effects of turbulent fluctuations in an optically active fluid medium[J].AIAA Journal,1969,7(9):1737-1743.
[9]GILBERT K G,OTTEN L J.Aero-optical phenomena[M]//Progress in astronautics and aeronautics.New York:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,1982.
[10]FITZGERALD E J,JUMPER E J.Further consideration of compressibility effects on shear layer optical distortion[R].AIAA-1999-3617,1999.
[11]LANDERMAN A D,MOTOOKA W D.Aero-optics effects of airborne laser turrets[R].AIAA-87-1397,1987.
[12]HAVENER G.Optical wave front variance:a study on analytic model in use today[R].AIAA-92-0654,1992.
[13]殷兴良.高速飞行器气动光学传输效应的工程计算方法[J].中国工程科学,2006,8(11):74-79.YIN X L.An engineering method to calculate transmitting effect of aero-optics for hypersonic interceptor[J].Engineering Sciences,2006,8(11):74-79.
[14]史可天,马汉东.可压缩混合层气动光学效应研究[J].计算物理,2010,27(1):65-72.SHI K T,MA H D.Aero-optical effects in compressible mixing layers[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Physics,2010,27(1):65-72.
[15]VIEGAS J R,RUBESIN M W.A comparative study of several compressibility corrections to turbulence models applied to high-speed shear layers[R].AIAA-1991-1783,1991.
[16]CHRISTOPHER J R,FREDERICK G B.Methodology for turbulence model validation:application to hypersonic flows[J].Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,2003,40(3):313-325.
[17]陈澄,费锦东.侧窗头罩高速层流流场光学传输效应数值模拟[J].红外与激光工程,2005,34(5):548-552.CHEN C,FEI J D.Numerical simulation on the optical transmission distortions throughout the laminar flow field[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2005,34(5):548-552.
[18]乔亚天.梯度折射率光学[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[19]TATARSKI V I.Wave propagation in a turbulent medium[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1967.
[20]GOODMAN J W.Introduction to Fourier optics[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1968.
[21]王楚,汤俊雄.光学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001.
[22]GIERLOFF J,ROBERTSON S J.Computer analysis of aerooptic effects[R].AIAA 1992-2794,1992.
[23]潘宏禄,苏鹏辉,程晓丽,等.气动光学效应湍流脉动模型系数修正[J].气体物理,2015,10(2):36-46.PAN H L,SU P H,CHENG X L,et al.Model coefficient revision on supersonic turbulent pulse for aero-optical effect[J].Physics of Gases,2015,10(2):36-46
[24]苏鹏辉,潘宏禄,李俊红.基于RANS的湍流密度脉动数值预测[J].气体物理,2015,10(2):47-52.SU P H,PAN H L,LI J H.Turbulent densityfluctuation prediction using RANS[J].Physics of Gases,2015,10(2):47-52.
[25]闫溟,史可天,马汉东.针对气动光学效应的RANS计算方法研究[J].空气动力学学报,2013,31(4):462-465.YAN M,SHI K T,MA H D.A study on RANS computation for aero-optical effects[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2013,31(4):462-465.
[26]CLARK R,BANISH M,HAMMER J.Fundamentals of aerooptics phenomena[R].AIAA 1994-2545,1994.
[27]陈澄,费锦东.侧窗头罩高速层流流场光学传输效应数值模拟[J].红外与激光工程,2005,34(5):548-552.CHEN C,FEI J D.Numerical simulation on the optical transmission distortions throughout the laminar flow field[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2005,34(5):548-552.
[28]史可天.可压缩自由剪切层气动光学效应[D].北京:中国航天空气动力技术研究院,2009.SHI K T.Aero-optical effects in compressible mixing layers[D].Beijing:China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics,2009.
[29]史可天,程晓丽,马汉东.光学头罩绕流流场气动光学效应数值模拟[J].红外与激光工程,2010,39(1):6-11.SHI K T,CHENG X L,MA H D.Numerical simulation of aero-optical effects for the flow field around the optical window[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2010,39(1):6-11.
[30]陈勇,郭隆德,张龙,等.带凹窗斜劈高速湍流气动光学效应研究[J].空气动力学学报,2010,28(6):666-671.CHEN Y,GUO L D,ZHANG L,et al.Investigation on aerooptical effects of high-speed turbulence over a slope with a cavity[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2010,28(6):666-671.
[31]张黎,刘国栋,王贵兵.光学窗口外形对气动光学效应的影响[J].强激光与粒子束,2010,22(12):2834-2838.ZHANG L,LIU G D,WANG G B.Influence of optical window shape on aero-optic effects[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2010,22(12):2834-2838.
[32]万士正,常晓飞,闫杰.红外空空导弹气动光学传输效应分析方法[J].西北工业大学学报,2015,33(4):621-626.WAN S Z,CHANG X F,YAN J.Research method of aerooptical transmission effect for IR air to air missiles[J].Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University,2015,33(4):621-626.
[33]是勋刚.湍流[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1994.
[34]LUI C,LELE S K.Direct numerical simulation of spatially developing,compressible,turbulent mixing layers[R].AIAA2001-0291,2001.
[35]SHI K T,LI P F,ZHANG L,et al.Aero-optical effects in temporal developing mixing layer[C].8th International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics.Cheng du:CARDC,2014.
[36]DORIS L,TENAUD C,PHNOC L T.LES of spatially developing 3D compressible mixing layer[J].Computational Fluid Mechanics,2000,328:567-573.
[37]NELSON C,MENON S.Unsteady simulations of compressible spatial mixing layers[R].AIAA 1998-0786,1998.
[38]潘宏禄,史可天,马汉东.DNS/LES方法在剪切湍流模拟中的应用[J].空气动力学学报,2009,27(4):444-450.PAN H L,SHI K T,MA H D.DNS/LES method application in shear turbulence[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2009,27(4):444-450.
[39]潘宏禄,马汉东,沈清.基于LES方法的平板非定常激波/湍流边界层干扰研究[J].航空学报,2011,32(2):242-248.PAN H L,MA H D,SHEN Q.LES application to unsteady flat plate shock wave/turbulent Boundary Layer interaction[J].Acta Aeronautica Et Astronautica Sinica,2011,32(2):242-248.
[40]陈勇.气动光学效应的数值模拟方法[D].四川绵阳:中国空气动力研究与发展中心,2006.CHEN Y.Numerical simulation method for aero-optical effect[D].Mianyang Sichuan:China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,2006.
[41]WHITE M D.High-order paraxial beam approximation for aero-optics[R].AIAA 2008-1075,2008.
[42]WHITE M D,MORGANY P E,VISBALZ M R.Highfidelity aero-Optical analysis[R].AIAA 2010-433,2010.
[43]VISBAL M R,RIZZETTA D P.Effects of flow excitation on aero-optical aberration[R].AIAA 2008-1074,2008.
[44]史可天,马汉东.基于波面拟合的可压缩剪切层气动光学效应分析[J].空气动力学学报,2013,31(6):758-762.SHI K T,MA H D.Analysis of aero-optical effects in compressible shear layers based on wavefront fitting[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2013,31(6):758-762.
[45]WANG K,WANG M.Aero-optical distortions by subsonic turbulent boundary layers[R].AIAA 2011-3278,2011.
[46]SEIDEL J,SIEGEL S,MCLAUGHLIN T.Computational investigation of aero-optical distortions in a free shear layer[R].AIAA 2009-362,2009.
[47]ERIC J,JUMPER E J,ZENK M,et al.Airborne aero-optics laboratory[J].Optical Engineering,2013,52(7),071408.
[48]MATHEWS E,WANG K,WANG M,et al.LES of an aerooptical turret flow at high Reynolds number[R].AIAA 2016-1461,2016.
[49]MATHEWS E,WANG K,WANG M,et al.Numerical investigation of aero-optical distortions over a hemisphere-oncylinder turret with gaps[R].AIAA 2015-3248,2015.
[50]SHE Z S,HU N,WU Y.Structural ensemble dynamics based closure model for wall-bounded turbulent flow[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica,2009,25:731-736.
[51]陈军,佘振苏.面向工程应用的湍流结构分析[R].2007年度中国力学学会学术大会,北京,2007.CHEN J,SHE Z S.The coherent structure analysis of turbulent flow fields for the engineering applications[R].Proceedings of the Chinese Conference of Theoretical and Applied mechanics,Beijing,2007.
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