基于虚拟阵列扩展的特高频多源局部放电DOA估计方法
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摘要
基于特高频(UHF)的多源局部放电精确波达方向(DOA)估计是开放式电力设备局部放电(PD)检测的难点。论文利用压缩感知(CS)原理,以导向矢量矩阵作为压缩感知的基变换矩阵,以随机高斯矩阵作为测量矩阵,通过多测量矢量欠定系统正则化聚焦求解(RM-FOCUSS)信号重构算法,将传统的2×2特高频阵列虚拟扩展为N×N (N>2)阵列。并在局部放电信号聚焦及环境噪声抑制的基础上,利用多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法构建了局部放电信号空间谱,根据空间谱特征分布实现了对多局部放电源的准确定向。仿真结果表明,扩展4×4阵列的定向精度得到了大幅提升,方位角误差由传统2×2阵列的约10°下降至约4°。实际实验中以扩展4×4阵列为例,得到其方位角误差约为8°,俯仰角误差约为4°,局部放电定向数量从传统阵列的1个扩展到3个,进一步证明了论文所提方法的有效性。论文研究可为电力设备的局部放电检测提供参考。
The direction of arrival(DOA) estimation of multiple ultra-high frequency(UHF) partial discharge(PD)sources are difficult to implement. Based on the compressive sensing(CS) theory, with the steering vector matrix as the transformation matrix, with the random Gaussian matrix as the measurement matrix, the traditional 2×2 UHF array was virtually extended to a N×N(N>2) array using the regularization-focal underdetermined system solver to multiple measurement vectors(RM-FOCUSS) signal reconstruction algorithm. On the basis of wide-band signal focusing and environment noise suppression, the spatial spectrum of the PD signal sources was constructed using the multi-signal classification(MUSIC) algorithm, and the accurate orientation of the multi-local discharge source was realized according to the spatial spectral feature distribution. The simulation results show that the orientation accuracy of the extended 4×4 array is greatly improved and the directional angel error is reduced from about 10 degrees to 4 degrees. With the extended4×4 array in field tests as an example, the directional angle error is about 8 degrees and the pitch angle error is about 4 degrees. The number of partial discharge estimation has expanded from 1 to 3 compared to the traditional array, which further verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. The research can provide a reference for the partial discharge detection of electrical equipment.
The direction of arrival(DOA) estimation of multiple ultra-high frequency(UHF) partial discharge(PD)sources are difficult to implement. Based on the compressive sensing(CS) theory, with the steering vector matrix as the transformation matrix, with the random Gaussian matrix as the measurement matrix, the traditional 2×2 UHF array was virtually extended to a N×N(N>2) array using the regularization-focal underdetermined system solver to multiple measurement vectors(RM-FOCUSS) signal reconstruction algorithm. On the basis of wide-band signal focusing and environment noise suppression, the spatial spectrum of the PD signal sources was constructed using the multi-signal classification(MUSIC) algorithm, and the accurate orientation of the multi-local discharge source was realized according to the spatial spectral feature distribution. The simulation results show that the orientation accuracy of the extended 4×4 array is greatly improved and the directional angel error is reduced from about 10 degrees to 4 degrees. With the extended4×4 array in field tests as an example, the directional angle error is about 8 degrees and the pitch angle error is about 4 degrees. The number of partial discharge estimation has expanded from 1 to 3 compared to the traditional array, which further verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. The research can provide a reference for the partial discharge detection of electrical equipment.
引文
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[14]谢庆,李燕青,律方成,等.超声相控阵与宽带阵列信号处理相结合的油中局部放电定位方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(28):13-17.XIE Qing,LI Yanqing,LüFangcheng,et al.Method for PD location in oil combining ultrasonic phased array with wideband array signal processing[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(28):13-17.
[15]CANDES E J.Compressive sampling[C]∥Proceedings of International Congress of Mathematicians.Madrid,Spain:[s.n.],2006:1433-1452.
[16]王园.基于阵列转换的二维MUSIC算法的二维DOA估计[D].吉林:吉林大学,2014.WANG Yuan,2-D MUSCI algorithm DOA estimation based on the array transformation[D].Jilin,China:University of Jilin,2014.
[17]石国德,王明皓,吕朝晖.空间谱估计经典算法性能比较[J].电子设计工程,2013,23(2):190-193.SHI Guode,WANG Minghao,LüZhaohui.Performance comparison of spatial spectrum estimation classic algorithm[J].Electronic Design Engineering,2013,23(2):190-193.
[18]CANDES E J,WAKIN M B.An introduction to compressive sampling[J].IEEE Signal Proceeding Magazine,2008,25(2):21-30.
[19]GHOGHO M,BESSON O,SWARN A.Estimation of direction of arrival estimation of multiple scattered sources[J].IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing,2001,49(11):2467-2480.
[20]张进,叶中付,汪彦龙.基于一致聚焦的宽带信号DOA估计方法[J].电路与系统学报,2011,16(1):131-136.ZHANG Jin,YE Zhongfu,WANG Yanlong.Direction-of-arrival estimation algorithm for wideband sources based on consistent focusing[J].Journal of Circuits and Systems,2011,16(1):131-136.
[21]薛晓峰,王永良,张永顺,等.二维MUSIC算法分维处理及其阵列结构的研究[J].空军工程大学学报:自然科学版,2008,9(5):33-37.XUE Xiaofeng,WANG Yongliang,ZHANG Yongshun,et al.A study of decoupling 2D-MUSIC algorithm and array structure[J].Journal of Air Force Engineering University:Natural Science Edition,2008,9(5):33-37.
[2]李臻,罗林根,陈敬德,等.基于RSSI指纹的特高频局部放电定位法[J].高电压技术,2018,44(6):2033-2039.LI Zhen,LUO Lingen,CHEN Jingde,et al.UHF partial discharge localization methodology based on RSSI fingerprinting[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(6):2033-2039.
[3]朱明晓,刘青,王彦博,等.基于平面相交法的敞开式变电站多源局部放电定位方法[J].高电压技术,2018,44(9):2970-2976.ZHU Mingxiao,LIU Qing,WANG Yanbo,et al.Localization method for multiple partial discharge sources in air-insulated substation by using plane intersection method[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(9):2970-2976.
[4]侯慧娟,盛戈皞,苗培青,等.变电站局部放电特高频信号时延的双谱估计算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(19):208-214.HOU Huijuan,SHENG Gehao,MIAO Peiqing,et al.Time-delay estimation algorithm of partial discharge UHF signals in substation based on bispectrum[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(19):208-214.
[5]张冠军,朱明晓,王彦博,等.基于可移动特高频天线阵列的变电站站域放电源检测与定位研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(10):2761-2773.ZHANG Guanjun,ZHU Mingxiao,WANG Yanbo,et al.Detection and localization of discharge sources in substation area using movable UHF antenna array[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(10):2761-2773.
[6]辛晓虎,李继胜,纪海英,等.用于变压器中局部放电定位的十字形超声阵列传感器研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(21):154-162.XIN Xiaohu,LI Jisheng,JI Haiying,et al.Study of cross-shaped ultrasonic array senor applied to partial discharge location in transformers[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(21):154-162.
[7]辛晓虎,罗勇芬,杜非,等.用于油中局部放电定位的超声波接收阵列的定向算法比较[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(20):5351-5359.XIN Xiaohu,LUO Yongfen,DU Fei,et al.Comparisons of direction of arrival algorithms applied to ultrasonic arrays for partial discharge location in oil[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(20):5351-5359.
[8]CANDES E J,ROMBERG J,TAO J.Robust uncertainty principles:exact signal reconstruction from highly incomplete frequency information[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2006,52(2):489-509.
[9]DONOHO D L.Compressive sensing[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2006,52(4):1289-1306.
[10]COTTER S F,RAO B D,ENGAN K,et al.Sparse solutions to linear inverse problems with multiple measurement vectors[J].IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing,2005,53(7):2477-2488.
[11]黄永兢.基于空间谱估计的快速测向技术研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2014.HUANG Yongjing.The research on fast direction finding technology based on spatial spectrum estimation[D].Chengdu,China:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2014.
[12]罗勇芬,李彦明.用于油中局部放电定位的超声相控接收阵传感器的研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2005,39(4):402-406.LUO Yongfen,LI Yanming.phased ultrasonic receiving array sensor for partial discharge location in oil[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2005,39(4):402-406.
[13]程述一,谢庆,律方成,等.一种直线型超声阵列信号测向方法及其应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(增刊1):272-275.CHENG Shuyi,XIE Qing,LüFangcheng,et al.An orientation method for ultrasonic linear array signals and its application[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(Supplement 1):272-275.
[14]谢庆,李燕青,律方成,等.超声相控阵与宽带阵列信号处理相结合的油中局部放电定位方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(28):13-17.XIE Qing,LI Yanqing,LüFangcheng,et al.Method for PD location in oil combining ultrasonic phased array with wideband array signal processing[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(28):13-17.
[15]CANDES E J.Compressive sampling[C]∥Proceedings of International Congress of Mathematicians.Madrid,Spain:[s.n.],2006:1433-1452.
[16]王园.基于阵列转换的二维MUSIC算法的二维DOA估计[D].吉林:吉林大学,2014.WANG Yuan,2-D MUSCI algorithm DOA estimation based on the array transformation[D].Jilin,China:University of Jilin,2014.
[17]石国德,王明皓,吕朝晖.空间谱估计经典算法性能比较[J].电子设计工程,2013,23(2):190-193.SHI Guode,WANG Minghao,LüZhaohui.Performance comparison of spatial spectrum estimation classic algorithm[J].Electronic Design Engineering,2013,23(2):190-193.
[18]CANDES E J,WAKIN M B.An introduction to compressive sampling[J].IEEE Signal Proceeding Magazine,2008,25(2):21-30.
[19]GHOGHO M,BESSON O,SWARN A.Estimation of direction of arrival estimation of multiple scattered sources[J].IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing,2001,49(11):2467-2480.
[20]张进,叶中付,汪彦龙.基于一致聚焦的宽带信号DOA估计方法[J].电路与系统学报,2011,16(1):131-136.ZHANG Jin,YE Zhongfu,WANG Yanlong.Direction-of-arrival estimation algorithm for wideband sources based on consistent focusing[J].Journal of Circuits and Systems,2011,16(1):131-136.
[21]薛晓峰,王永良,张永顺,等.二维MUSIC算法分维处理及其阵列结构的研究[J].空军工程大学学报:自然科学版,2008,9(5):33-37.XUE Xiaofeng,WANG Yongliang,ZHANG Yongshun,et al.A study of decoupling 2D-MUSIC algorithm and array structure[J].Journal of Air Force Engineering University:Natural Science Edition,2008,9(5):33-37.
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