非对称П型梁和流线型箱梁气动性能风洞试验研究
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摘要
为了研究非对称人行道对主梁气动性能的影响,利用节段模型风洞试验,分别研究了非对称П型梁和流线型箱梁在不同来流风向下的三分力系数、涡振以及颤振特性。试验结果表明:在正攻角范围内,0°来流风向下(人行道板一侧的来流方向)两种类型主梁的三分力系数均大于180°来流风向值,且非对称人行道对П型梁三分力系数的影响比流线型箱梁显著;断面的非对称性会严重影响不同来流风向下П型梁的涡振性能,包括出现涡振的风攻角、涡振响应振幅、起振风速以及锁定区间等。从空气动力学角度分析,人行道板的存在使0°风向来流提前发生分离,再附点发生改变,涡激力减弱,进而改善了主梁在该来流风向的涡振性能。0°来流风向下两种类型非对称主梁的颤振临界风速均高于180°来流风向值。颤振导数结果显示非对称人行道板和栏杆可提供一定的扭转气动正阻尼,因此0°来流风向主梁的颤振临界风速较高。
To study the effects of the asymmetric foot-rslabs on the aerodynamic characteristics of main girders, the aerostatic coefficients, the performance of vortex-rinduced vibration(VIV) and flutter of both an asymmetric П shaped girder and an asymmetric streamlined box girder were investigated via a section model a wind tunnel test in different flow directions. The test results show that the aerostatic coefficients in the 0° flow direction(the flow comes from the foot-slab direction) are larger than that in the 180° flow direction for two types of asymmetric girders under positive attack angles. The impact induced by asymmetric foot-slabs on the aerostatic coefficients of the П shaped girder is more significant than the streamlined box girder. The asymmetric property has a significant effect on the VIV performance of the П shaped girder, including the attack angle, the amplitude of VIV response, the vibration critical wind speed and the lock-in regime et al. From the perspective of bridge aerodynamics, the flow separates in advance, the reattachment positions change and the VIV forces decrease, which may be attributed to the existence of the foot-slab in the 0° flow direction. The VIV performance of main girder is thus improved in the 0° flow direction. The critical flutter wind speeds of two types of asymmetric girders in the 0° flow direction are higher than that in the 180° flow direction. The results of flutter derivatives show that the asymmetric foot-slabs and railings can provide a positive torsional aerodynamic damping. A high critical flutter wind speeds of main girder can thus be achieved in the 0° flow direction.
To study the effects of the asymmetric foot-rslabs on the aerodynamic characteristics of main girders, the aerostatic coefficients, the performance of vortex-rinduced vibration(VIV) and flutter of both an asymmetric П shaped girder and an asymmetric streamlined box girder were investigated via a section model a wind tunnel test in different flow directions. The test results show that the aerostatic coefficients in the 0° flow direction(the flow comes from the foot-slab direction) are larger than that in the 180° flow direction for two types of asymmetric girders under positive attack angles. The impact induced by asymmetric foot-slabs on the aerostatic coefficients of the П shaped girder is more significant than the streamlined box girder. The asymmetric property has a significant effect on the VIV performance of the П shaped girder, including the attack angle, the amplitude of VIV response, the vibration critical wind speed and the lock-in regime et al. From the perspective of bridge aerodynamics, the flow separates in advance, the reattachment positions change and the VIV forces decrease, which may be attributed to the existence of the foot-slab in the 0° flow direction. The VIV performance of main girder is thus improved in the 0° flow direction. The critical flutter wind speeds of two types of asymmetric girders in the 0° flow direction are higher than that in the 180° flow direction. The results of flutter derivatives show that the asymmetric foot-slabs and railings can provide a positive torsional aerodynamic damping. A high critical flutter wind speeds of main girder can thus be achieved in the 0° flow direction.
引文
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[6]陈政清,欧阳克俭,牛华伟,等.中央稳定板提高桁架梁悬索桥颤振稳定性的气动机理[J].中国公路学报,2009,22(6):53-59.CHEN Zhengqing,OUYANG Kejian,NIU Huawei,et a1.Aerodynamic mechanism of improvement of flutter stability of truss-girder suspension bridge using central stabilizer[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2009,22(6):53-59.
[7]欧阳克俭,陈政清.中央稳定板提高颤振稳定性能的细观作用机理[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(1):11-16.OUYANG Kejian,CHEN Zhengqing.Micro-mechanism of a central stabilizer for improving a bridge’s flutter stability[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(1):11-16.
[8]夏锦林,曹丰产,葛耀君.双开槽箱梁断面悬索桥的抗风性能及气动措施研究[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(10):69-75.XIA Jinlin,CAO Fengchan,GE Yaojun.Wind resistance performance of a double-slotting suspension bridge and its aerodynamic control measures[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(10):69-75.
[9]周立,葛耀君.上海长江大桥节段模型气动三分力试验[J].中国公路学报,2007,20(5):48-53.ZHOU Li,GE Yaojun.Experiment on three-component of aerodynamic force of sectional model for Shanghai Yangtze river bridge[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2007,20(5):48-53.
[10]李永乐,徐昕宇,郭建明,等.六线双层铁路钢桁桥车桥系统气动特性风洞试验研究[J].工程力学,2016,33(4):130-135.LI Yongle,XU Xinyu,GUO Jianming,et al.Wind tunnel tests on aerodynamic characteristics of vehicle-bridge system for six-track double-deck steel-truss railway bridge[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(4):130-135.
[11]郭震山,孟晓亮,周奇,等.既有桥梁对邻近新建桥梁三分力系数的气动干扰效应[J].工程力学,2010,27(9):181-186.GUO Zhenshan,MENG Xiaoliang,ZHOU Qi,et al.Aerodynamic interference effects of an existed bridge on aerodynamic coefficients of an adjacent new bridge[J].Engineering Mechanics,2010,27(9):181-186.
[12]刘小兵,刘志文,陈政清,等.双幅桥面桥梁主梁断面的气动选型[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(8):94-98.LIU Xiaobing,LIU Zhiwen,CHEN Zhengqing,et al.Aerodynamic optimization of twin deck bridge girder’s cross section[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(8):94-98.
[13]KIMURA K,SHIMA K,SANO K,et al.Effects of separation distance on wind-induced response of parallel box girders[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2008,96(6/7):954-962.
[14]叶献辉,杨翊仁,刘菲.非对称结构参数对颤振速度的影响[J].西南交通大学学报,2006,40(6):779-782.YE Xianhui,YANG Yiren,LIU Fei.Effect of asymmetric parameters of structure on structural flutter velocity[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2006,40(6):779-782.
[15]HU J,ZHOU Y.Aerodynamic characteristics of asymmetric bluff bodies[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,2009,131(1):011206.
[16]钱国伟,曹丰产,葛耀君,等.Π型叠合梁斜拉桥涡振性能及气动控制措施研究[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(2):176-181.QIAN Guowei,CAO Fengchan,GE Yaojun,et al.Vortexinduced vibration performance of a cable-stayed bridge withΠshaped composite deck and its aerodynamic control measures[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(2):176-181.
[17]刘君,廖海黎,万嘉伟,等.检修车轨道导流板对流线型箱梁涡振的影响[J].西南交通大学学报,2015,50(5):789-795.LIU Jun,LIAO Haili,WAN Jiawei,et al.Effect of guide vane beside maintenance rail on vortex vibration of streamlined box girder[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2015,50(5):789-795.
[18]Design manual for roads and bridges(part 3)BD 49/01Design rules for aerodynamic effects on bridges[Z].2001.
[19]中华人民共和国交通部.公路桥梁抗风设计规范:JTG/TD 60-01-2004[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[20]杨光辉,屈东洋,牛晋涛,等.π型截面涡激振动风洞试验及气动抑制措施研究[J].石家庄铁道大学学报(自然科学版),2015(1):34-39.YANG Guanghui,QU Dongyang,NIU Jintao,et al.Research onπ-section vortex-induced vibration wind tunnel testing and aerodynamic suppression measures[J].Journal of Shijiazhuang Tiedao University(Natural Science),2015(1):34-39.
[21]张志田,卿前志,肖玮,等.开口截面斜拉桥涡激共振风洞试验及减振措施研究[J].湖南大学学报(自科版),2011,38(7):1-5.ZHANG Zhitian,QING Qianzhi,XIAO Wei,et al.Vortexinduced vibration and control method for a cable-stayed bridge with open cross section[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2011,38(7):1-5.
[22]张宏杰,朱乐东.箱形主梁悬臂水平分离板的颤振控制效果与机理[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(11):1569-1574.ZHANG Hongjie,ZHU Ledong.Control effect and mechanism of cantilever horizontal splitting plates on flutter performance of a box deck[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2011,39(11):1569-1574.
[23]李永乐,廖海黎,强士中.桥梁断面颤振导数识别的加权整体最小二乘法[J].土木工程学报,2004,37(3):80-84.LI Yongle,LIAO Haili,QIANG Shizhong.Identification for flutter derivatives of bridge deck cross section by weighting ensemble least-square method[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2004,37(3):80-84.
[2]徐爱军,王凯,李明水,等.板-桁组合式钢桁梁悬索桥颤振稳定性选型研究[J].实验流体力学,2015(4):52-57.XU Aijun,WANG Kai,LI Mingshui,et al.Flutter stability selection study of a long-span steel truss suspension bridge with a combined deck plate[J].Journal of Experimental in Fluid Mechanics,2015(4):52-57.
[3]王骑,廖海黎,李明水,等.流线型箱梁气动外形对桥梁颤振和涡振的影响[J].公路交通科技,2012,29(8):44-70.WANG Qi,LIAO Haili,LI Mingshui,et al.Influence of aerodynamic shape of streamline box girder on bridge flutter and vortex-induced vibration[J].Journal of Highway and Transport Research and Development,2012,29(8):44-70.
[4]孟晓亮,郭震山,丁泉顺,等.风嘴角度对封闭和半封闭箱梁涡振及颤振性能的影响[J].工程力学,2011,28(1):184-188.MENG Xiaoliang,GUO Zhenshan,DING Quanshun,et al.Influence of wind fairing angle on vortex-induced vibrations and flutter performances of closed and semi-closed box decks[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(1):184-188.
[5]管青海,李加武,胡兆同,等.栏杆对典型桥梁断面涡激振动的影响研究[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(3):150-156.GUAN Qinghai,LI Jiawu,HU Zhaotong,et al.Effects of railings on vortex-induced vibration of a bridge deck section[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(3):150-156.
[6]陈政清,欧阳克俭,牛华伟,等.中央稳定板提高桁架梁悬索桥颤振稳定性的气动机理[J].中国公路学报,2009,22(6):53-59.CHEN Zhengqing,OUYANG Kejian,NIU Huawei,et a1.Aerodynamic mechanism of improvement of flutter stability of truss-girder suspension bridge using central stabilizer[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2009,22(6):53-59.
[7]欧阳克俭,陈政清.中央稳定板提高颤振稳定性能的细观作用机理[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(1):11-16.OUYANG Kejian,CHEN Zhengqing.Micro-mechanism of a central stabilizer for improving a bridge’s flutter stability[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(1):11-16.
[8]夏锦林,曹丰产,葛耀君.双开槽箱梁断面悬索桥的抗风性能及气动措施研究[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(10):69-75.XIA Jinlin,CAO Fengchan,GE Yaojun.Wind resistance performance of a double-slotting suspension bridge and its aerodynamic control measures[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(10):69-75.
[9]周立,葛耀君.上海长江大桥节段模型气动三分力试验[J].中国公路学报,2007,20(5):48-53.ZHOU Li,GE Yaojun.Experiment on three-component of aerodynamic force of sectional model for Shanghai Yangtze river bridge[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2007,20(5):48-53.
[10]李永乐,徐昕宇,郭建明,等.六线双层铁路钢桁桥车桥系统气动特性风洞试验研究[J].工程力学,2016,33(4):130-135.LI Yongle,XU Xinyu,GUO Jianming,et al.Wind tunnel tests on aerodynamic characteristics of vehicle-bridge system for six-track double-deck steel-truss railway bridge[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(4):130-135.
[11]郭震山,孟晓亮,周奇,等.既有桥梁对邻近新建桥梁三分力系数的气动干扰效应[J].工程力学,2010,27(9):181-186.GUO Zhenshan,MENG Xiaoliang,ZHOU Qi,et al.Aerodynamic interference effects of an existed bridge on aerodynamic coefficients of an adjacent new bridge[J].Engineering Mechanics,2010,27(9):181-186.
[12]刘小兵,刘志文,陈政清,等.双幅桥面桥梁主梁断面的气动选型[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(8):94-98.LIU Xiaobing,LIU Zhiwen,CHEN Zhengqing,et al.Aerodynamic optimization of twin deck bridge girder’s cross section[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(8):94-98.
[13]KIMURA K,SHIMA K,SANO K,et al.Effects of separation distance on wind-induced response of parallel box girders[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2008,96(6/7):954-962.
[14]叶献辉,杨翊仁,刘菲.非对称结构参数对颤振速度的影响[J].西南交通大学学报,2006,40(6):779-782.YE Xianhui,YANG Yiren,LIU Fei.Effect of asymmetric parameters of structure on structural flutter velocity[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2006,40(6):779-782.
[15]HU J,ZHOU Y.Aerodynamic characteristics of asymmetric bluff bodies[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,2009,131(1):011206.
[16]钱国伟,曹丰产,葛耀君,等.Π型叠合梁斜拉桥涡振性能及气动控制措施研究[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(2):176-181.QIAN Guowei,CAO Fengchan,GE Yaojun,et al.Vortexinduced vibration performance of a cable-stayed bridge withΠshaped composite deck and its aerodynamic control measures[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(2):176-181.
[17]刘君,廖海黎,万嘉伟,等.检修车轨道导流板对流线型箱梁涡振的影响[J].西南交通大学学报,2015,50(5):789-795.LIU Jun,LIAO Haili,WAN Jiawei,et al.Effect of guide vane beside maintenance rail on vortex vibration of streamlined box girder[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2015,50(5):789-795.
[18]Design manual for roads and bridges(part 3)BD 49/01Design rules for aerodynamic effects on bridges[Z].2001.
[19]中华人民共和国交通部.公路桥梁抗风设计规范:JTG/TD 60-01-2004[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[20]杨光辉,屈东洋,牛晋涛,等.π型截面涡激振动风洞试验及气动抑制措施研究[J].石家庄铁道大学学报(自然科学版),2015(1):34-39.YANG Guanghui,QU Dongyang,NIU Jintao,et al.Research onπ-section vortex-induced vibration wind tunnel testing and aerodynamic suppression measures[J].Journal of Shijiazhuang Tiedao University(Natural Science),2015(1):34-39.
[21]张志田,卿前志,肖玮,等.开口截面斜拉桥涡激共振风洞试验及减振措施研究[J].湖南大学学报(自科版),2011,38(7):1-5.ZHANG Zhitian,QING Qianzhi,XIAO Wei,et al.Vortexinduced vibration and control method for a cable-stayed bridge with open cross section[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2011,38(7):1-5.
[22]张宏杰,朱乐东.箱形主梁悬臂水平分离板的颤振控制效果与机理[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(11):1569-1574.ZHANG Hongjie,ZHU Ledong.Control effect and mechanism of cantilever horizontal splitting plates on flutter performance of a box deck[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2011,39(11):1569-1574.
[23]李永乐,廖海黎,强士中.桥梁断面颤振导数识别的加权整体最小二乘法[J].土木工程学报,2004,37(3):80-84.LI Yongle,LIAO Haili,QIANG Shizhong.Identification for flutter derivatives of bridge deck cross section by weighting ensemble least-square method[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2004,37(3):80-84.
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