美国地铁车站设计及安全管理——以华盛顿地铁为例
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摘要
地铁车站的合理设计与规划,一方面能够保障地铁的正常运营,另一方面也能够为市民出行提供便利。地铁车站作为地铁系统的重要一环,人员集中且环境较为复杂,安全问题尤其值得关注。以美国华盛顿特区地铁车站为例,从华盛顿地铁典型车站的设计、日常运营安全管理、恐怖袭击事件的防范与应对3个方面对其安全管理进行介绍,并对国内外地铁车站管理人员针对某些安全问题所采取的不同管理方式进行对比,分析各自优劣,以期能为国内各城市地铁车站的设计与运营管理提供参考。
An optimal design and planning of metro station not only ensure the normal operation of metro, but also provide convenience for the travel of urban residents. As an important part of the metro system, the metro station has a densely populated passengers and a complicated environment, so the safety problem is worth paying attention to. Taking Washington D.C. subway stations as examples,this paper introduces three aspects of the design of the typical subway station in Washington, its daily operation safety management, prevention and countermeasures on terrorist attacks and the city safety management, and compares the metro station management at home and abroad for some safety problems by use of different management methods, analyzes their respective advantages and disadvantages, so as to offer reference to the design and operation management for domestic metro stations.
An optimal design and planning of metro station not only ensure the normal operation of metro, but also provide convenience for the travel of urban residents. As an important part of the metro system, the metro station has a densely populated passengers and a complicated environment, so the safety problem is worth paying attention to. Taking Washington D.C. subway stations as examples,this paper introduces three aspects of the design of the typical subway station in Washington, its daily operation safety management, prevention and countermeasures on terrorist attacks and the city safety management, and compares the metro station management at home and abroad for some safety problems by use of different management methods, analyzes their respective advantages and disadvantages, so as to offer reference to the design and operation management for domestic metro stations.
引文
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[3]李超.数据驱动新城轨时代简析2013-2017年中国城轨交通数据[J].城市轨道交通,2018,28(06):40-47.
[4]Tu.A.T.Overview of sarin terrorist attacks in Japan[J].Acs National Meeting Book of Abstracts,2000,745:304-317.
[5]Donald I,Canter D.Intentionality and fatality during the King’s Cross underground fire[J].European Journal of Social Psychology,2010,22(3):203-218.
[6]刘启刚,曹雪飞.我国应对地铁恐怖袭击的策略探析-从比利时布鲁塞尔遭遇恐怖袭击谈起[J].公安教育,2016(5):44-47.
[7]Schrag,Zachary.The Great Society Subway:AHistory of the Washington Metro[M].Baltimore,Maryland:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2006.
[8]李得伟.华盛顿地铁考察及对我国地铁建设的借鉴[J].都市快轨交通,2010,23(3):110-113.
[9]Metrorail Average Weekday Passenger Boardings2017[R].Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority,2018.
[10]Railroad accident report:collision of Washington metropolitan area transit authority Train T-111 with standing train at Shady Grove Passenger Station[R].National Transportation Safety Board,1996.
[11]Layton,Lyndsey,Steven Ginsberg.20 Injured in Crash of 2 Red Line Trains[N].The Washington Post,2018.
[12]Barnes,Sophia,Tuss,Adam.New Metro Train Derails in Downtown DC with 63 Passengers on Board[N].NBC Washington,2018.
[13]All Metrorail service will be suspended Wednesday,March 16,for emergency inspections[R].Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority,2016.
[14]马祖琦.华盛顿轨道交通的建设历程[J].都市快轨交通,2006,19(3):93-95.
[15]Sun,Lena H.Metro to Randomly Search Riders'Bag[N].The Washington Post,2008.
[16]Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority,Office of Safety and Risk Protection.Emergency Response Training Facility[EB/OL].https://www.wmata.com/about/records/upload/tunnel.pdf
[17]About Metro Transit Police Department[EB/OL].https://www.wmata.com/about/transit-police/about.cfm.2018.10.1.
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