阶层认同、环境价值观对垃圾分类行为的影响机制
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摘要
"知"与"行"存在巨大鸿沟,探究社会心理学因素是如何影响垃圾分类行为成为重要问题。基于"2015年特大城市居民生活状况调查"数据的实证分析,分析阶层认同和环境价值观对垃圾分类行为影响,检验感知行为控制和感知行为动力的中介效应模型,探索促进公众垃圾分类行为的内在机制。通过中介效应模型分析发现,阶层认同对垃圾分类行为有直接效应,同时通过感知行为控制和感知行为动力体现出中介效应;环境价值观不仅对垃圾分类行为有直接效应,并通过环境行为控制表现出显著的中介效应。因此,提升公众的绿色消费理念、培育节约环保习惯,可以增强环境责任意识,促进公众垃圾分类行为。通过树立典型模范人物,增强阶层认同感,提升对环境满意度,为培育公众垃圾分类的自觉、自愿行为起到积极作用。
There is a huge gap between "Perception" and "Behavior", and it has become an important issue in exploring how the social psychology factors influence the behavior for source separation. Based on the empirical analysis of the data "Survey on the Living Conditions of Metropolitan Residents" in 2015, this paper analyzed the influencing mechanism of class identification and environmental values on behavior for source separation, examined the mediating effect model of perceived behavior control and perceived behavior motivation, and explored the internal mechanism of promoting behavior for source separation. Through the analysis of the mediating effect model, it is found that class identification has a direct effect on the behavior for source separation, as well as a mediating effect on the behavior for source separation through perceived behavior control and perceived behavior motivation. Environmental values not only have direct effects on behavior for source separation, but also have significant mediating effects on behavior for source separation through perceived behavior control. Therefore, improving the public's green consumption awareness and cultivating the saving habit can enhance the awareness of environmental responsibility and promote the behavior of the public for source separation. Setting up typical and exemplary role models, enhancing class identification and improving environmental satisfaction would play a positive role in promoting the public behavior for voluntary source separation.
There is a huge gap between "Perception" and "Behavior", and it has become an important issue in exploring how the social psychology factors influence the behavior for source separation. Based on the empirical analysis of the data "Survey on the Living Conditions of Metropolitan Residents" in 2015, this paper analyzed the influencing mechanism of class identification and environmental values on behavior for source separation, examined the mediating effect model of perceived behavior control and perceived behavior motivation, and explored the internal mechanism of promoting behavior for source separation. Through the analysis of the mediating effect model, it is found that class identification has a direct effect on the behavior for source separation, as well as a mediating effect on the behavior for source separation through perceived behavior control and perceived behavior motivation. Environmental values not only have direct effects on behavior for source separation, but also have significant mediating effects on behavior for source separation through perceived behavior control. Therefore, improving the public's green consumption awareness and cultivating the saving habit can enhance the awareness of environmental responsibility and promote the behavior of the public for source separation. Setting up typical and exemplary role models, enhancing class identification and improving environmental satisfaction would play a positive role in promoting the public behavior for voluntary source separation.
引文
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[2]曲英.城市居民生活垃圾源头分类行为的理论模型构建研究[J].生态经济,2009,219(12):135-141.
[3]王笃明,王婷婷,高维,等.公众生活垃圾源头分类行为影响因素量表编制研究[J].中国校外教育,2017,2(9):81-83.
[4]GAMBA R J,OSKAMP S.Factors influencing community residents'participation in commingled curbside recycling programs[J].Environment&Behavior,1994,26(5):587-612.
[5]GU B,WANG H,CHEN Z,et al.Characterization,quantification and management of household solid waste:a case study in China[J].Resources Conservation&Recycling,2015,98:67-75.
[6]MARTIN M,WILLIAMS I D,CLARK M.Social,cultural and structural influences on household waste recycling:a case study[J].Resources Conservation&Recycling,2006,48(4):357-395.
[7]韩洪云,张志坚,朋文欢.社会资本对居民生活垃圾分类行为的影响机理分析[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2016,46(3):164-179.
[8]SCHULTZ P W,OSKAMP S,MAINIERI T.Who recycles and when?a review of personal and situational factors[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,1995,15(2):105-121.
[9]徐林,凌卯亮,卢昱杰.城市居民垃圾分类的影响因素研究[J].公共管理学报,2017,14(1):142-153.
[10]曲英,朱庆华.情境因素对城市居民生活垃圾源头分类行为的影响研究[J].管理评论,2010,22(9):121-128.
[11]GUAGNANO G A,STERN P C,DIETZ T.Influences on attitude-behavior relationships:a natural experiment with curbside recycling[J].Environment&Behavior,1995,27(5):699-718.
[12]DERKSEN L,GARTRELL J.Social context of recycling[J].Journal of American Sociological Review,1993,58(3):434-442.
[13]DOMINA T,KOCH K.Convenience and frequency of recycling[J].Environment&Behavior,2002,34(2):216-238.
[14]陈兰芳,吴刚,张燕,等.垃圾分类回收行为研究现状及其关键问题[J].生态经济,2012,249(2):142-145.
[15]WEIGERT A J.Self,interaction,and natural environment[J].Journal of Contemporary Sociology,1998,27(2):178.
[16]CLAYTON S,OPOTOW S.Identity and the natural environment[J].Journal of Electronic Green,2016,1(3):406-408.
[17]STETS J E,BURKE P J.Identity theory and social identity theory[J].Journal of Social Psychology Quarterly,2000,63(3):224-237.
[18]林兵,刘立波.环境身份:国外环境社会学研究的新视角[J].吉林师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2014,42(5):77-82.
[19]TONGLET M,PHILLIPS P S,READ A D.Using the theory of planned behaviour to investigate the determinants of recycling behaviour:a case study from Brixworth,UK[J].Journal of Resources Conservation&Recycling,2004,41(3):191-214.
[20]尹昕,王玉,车越,等.居民生活垃圾分类行为意向影响因素研究---基于计划行为理论[J].环境卫生工程,2017,25(2):10-14.
[21]TERRY D J,HOGG M A,WHITE K M.The theory of planned behaviour:self-identity,social identity and group norms[J].Journal of Social Psychology,2011,38(3):225-244.
[22]CASE P,SPARKS P,PAVEY L.Identity appropriateness and the structure of the theory of planned behaviour[J].Journal of Social Psychology,2016,55(1):109.
[23]王晓楠,刘琳.中国居民环境行为意愿的多层分析---基于2013年CSS数据的实证分析[J].吉首大学学报(社会科学版),2017,38(1):80-90.
[24]CONNER M,ARMITAGE C J.Extending the theory of planned behavior:a review and avenues for further research[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,2010,28(15):1429-1464.
[25]AJZEN I.The theory of planned behavior[J].Journal of Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes,1991,50(2):179-211.
[26]HARLAND P,STAATS H,WILKE H A M.Explaining pro-environmental intention and behavior by the theory of planned behavior and personal norms[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,1999,29(12),2505-2528.
[27]陈凯,胡静.城市居民生活垃圾分类行为研究---以北京市为例[J].城市观察,2018,56(4):114-122.
[28]BEST H,MAYERL J.Values,beliefs,attitudes:an empirical study on the structure of environmental concern and recycling participation[J].Journal of Social Science Quarterly,2013,94(3):691-714.
[29]WERNER C M,MAKELA E.Motivations and behaviors that support recycling[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,1998,18(4):373-386.
[30]王笃明,王婷婷,葛列众.公众生活垃圾源头分类行为影响因素研究综述[J].人类工学,2016,22(3):75-79.
[31]曾瑞雪,赵成,王振辉,等.公民意识、阶层身份对环境行为的影响[J].城市问题,2018,270(1):95-103.
[32]STERN P C,DIETZ T,GUAGNANO G A.A brief inventory of values[J].Educational&Psychological Measurement,1998,58(6):984-1001.
[33]STERN P C.Psychology and the science of human-environment interactions[J].Journal of American Psychologist,2000,55(5):523-530.
[34]HOPPER J R,NIELSEN M C.Recycling as altruistic behavior[J].Environment&Behavior,1991,23(2):195-220.
[35]刘贤伟,邹洋.青年群体生态价值观的结构、现状与特点---基于我国10个城市的实证研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(9):7-13.
[36]BAMBERG S,M魻SER G.Twenty years after Hines,Hungerford,and Tomera:a new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behavior[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2007,27(1):14-25.
[37]CHRISTIAN A.KL魻CKNER.A comprehensive model of the psychology of environmental behaviour-a meta-analysis[J].Journal of Global Environmental Change,2013,23(5):1028-1038.
[38]MACKINNON D P,LOCKWOOD C M,HOFFMAN J M,et al.A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects[J].Psychology Methods,2002,7(1):83-104.
[39]刘红云,骆方,张玉,等.因变量为等级变量的中介效应分析[J].心理学报,2013,45(12):1431-1442.
[40]MACKINNON D P.Introduction to statistical mediation analysis[J].Introduction to Probability&Statistics for Engineers&Scientists,2008,36(279):1-8.
[41]SOBEL M E.Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models[J].Journal of Sociological Methodology,1982,13(13):290-312.
[42]VINING J,EBREO A.What makes a recycler?a comparison of recyclers and nonrecyclers[J].Environment&Behavior,1990,22(1):55-73.
[43]GAMBA R J,OSKAMP S.Factors influencing community residents’participation in commingled curbside recycling programs[J].Environment&Behavior,1994,26(5):587-612.
[44]刘欣.相对剥夺地位与阶层认知[J].社会学研究,2002(1):81-90.
[45]ALTHOFF P,GREIG W H.Environmental pollution control:two views from the general population[J].Environment&Behavior,1977,9(3):441-456.
(1)2000年,建设部下发《关于公布生活垃圾分类收集试点城市的通知》(建城环[2000]12号),确定了中国生活垃圾分类收集8个试点城市,分别为北京、上海、广州、深圳、杭州、南京、厦门、桂林,由此拉开了中国城市生活垃圾分类收集试点工作的序幕。
[2]曲英.城市居民生活垃圾源头分类行为的理论模型构建研究[J].生态经济,2009,219(12):135-141.
[3]王笃明,王婷婷,高维,等.公众生活垃圾源头分类行为影响因素量表编制研究[J].中国校外教育,2017,2(9):81-83.
[4]GAMBA R J,OSKAMP S.Factors influencing community residents'participation in commingled curbside recycling programs[J].Environment&Behavior,1994,26(5):587-612.
[5]GU B,WANG H,CHEN Z,et al.Characterization,quantification and management of household solid waste:a case study in China[J].Resources Conservation&Recycling,2015,98:67-75.
[6]MARTIN M,WILLIAMS I D,CLARK M.Social,cultural and structural influences on household waste recycling:a case study[J].Resources Conservation&Recycling,2006,48(4):357-395.
[7]韩洪云,张志坚,朋文欢.社会资本对居民生活垃圾分类行为的影响机理分析[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2016,46(3):164-179.
[8]SCHULTZ P W,OSKAMP S,MAINIERI T.Who recycles and when?a review of personal and situational factors[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,1995,15(2):105-121.
[9]徐林,凌卯亮,卢昱杰.城市居民垃圾分类的影响因素研究[J].公共管理学报,2017,14(1):142-153.
[10]曲英,朱庆华.情境因素对城市居民生活垃圾源头分类行为的影响研究[J].管理评论,2010,22(9):121-128.
[11]GUAGNANO G A,STERN P C,DIETZ T.Influences on attitude-behavior relationships:a natural experiment with curbside recycling[J].Environment&Behavior,1995,27(5):699-718.
[12]DERKSEN L,GARTRELL J.Social context of recycling[J].Journal of American Sociological Review,1993,58(3):434-442.
[13]DOMINA T,KOCH K.Convenience and frequency of recycling[J].Environment&Behavior,2002,34(2):216-238.
[14]陈兰芳,吴刚,张燕,等.垃圾分类回收行为研究现状及其关键问题[J].生态经济,2012,249(2):142-145.
[15]WEIGERT A J.Self,interaction,and natural environment[J].Journal of Contemporary Sociology,1998,27(2):178.
[16]CLAYTON S,OPOTOW S.Identity and the natural environment[J].Journal of Electronic Green,2016,1(3):406-408.
[17]STETS J E,BURKE P J.Identity theory and social identity theory[J].Journal of Social Psychology Quarterly,2000,63(3):224-237.
[18]林兵,刘立波.环境身份:国外环境社会学研究的新视角[J].吉林师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2014,42(5):77-82.
[19]TONGLET M,PHILLIPS P S,READ A D.Using the theory of planned behaviour to investigate the determinants of recycling behaviour:a case study from Brixworth,UK[J].Journal of Resources Conservation&Recycling,2004,41(3):191-214.
[20]尹昕,王玉,车越,等.居民生活垃圾分类行为意向影响因素研究---基于计划行为理论[J].环境卫生工程,2017,25(2):10-14.
[21]TERRY D J,HOGG M A,WHITE K M.The theory of planned behaviour:self-identity,social identity and group norms[J].Journal of Social Psychology,2011,38(3):225-244.
[22]CASE P,SPARKS P,PAVEY L.Identity appropriateness and the structure of the theory of planned behaviour[J].Journal of Social Psychology,2016,55(1):109.
[23]王晓楠,刘琳.中国居民环境行为意愿的多层分析---基于2013年CSS数据的实证分析[J].吉首大学学报(社会科学版),2017,38(1):80-90.
[24]CONNER M,ARMITAGE C J.Extending the theory of planned behavior:a review and avenues for further research[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,2010,28(15):1429-1464.
[25]AJZEN I.The theory of planned behavior[J].Journal of Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes,1991,50(2):179-211.
[26]HARLAND P,STAATS H,WILKE H A M.Explaining pro-environmental intention and behavior by the theory of planned behavior and personal norms[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,1999,29(12),2505-2528.
[27]陈凯,胡静.城市居民生活垃圾分类行为研究---以北京市为例[J].城市观察,2018,56(4):114-122.
[28]BEST H,MAYERL J.Values,beliefs,attitudes:an empirical study on the structure of environmental concern and recycling participation[J].Journal of Social Science Quarterly,2013,94(3):691-714.
[29]WERNER C M,MAKELA E.Motivations and behaviors that support recycling[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,1998,18(4):373-386.
[30]王笃明,王婷婷,葛列众.公众生活垃圾源头分类行为影响因素研究综述[J].人类工学,2016,22(3):75-79.
[31]曾瑞雪,赵成,王振辉,等.公民意识、阶层身份对环境行为的影响[J].城市问题,2018,270(1):95-103.
[32]STERN P C,DIETZ T,GUAGNANO G A.A brief inventory of values[J].Educational&Psychological Measurement,1998,58(6):984-1001.
[33]STERN P C.Psychology and the science of human-environment interactions[J].Journal of American Psychologist,2000,55(5):523-530.
[34]HOPPER J R,NIELSEN M C.Recycling as altruistic behavior[J].Environment&Behavior,1991,23(2):195-220.
[35]刘贤伟,邹洋.青年群体生态价值观的结构、现状与特点---基于我国10个城市的实证研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(9):7-13.
[36]BAMBERG S,M魻SER G.Twenty years after Hines,Hungerford,and Tomera:a new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behavior[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2007,27(1):14-25.
[37]CHRISTIAN A.KL魻CKNER.A comprehensive model of the psychology of environmental behaviour-a meta-analysis[J].Journal of Global Environmental Change,2013,23(5):1028-1038.
[38]MACKINNON D P,LOCKWOOD C M,HOFFMAN J M,et al.A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects[J].Psychology Methods,2002,7(1):83-104.
[39]刘红云,骆方,张玉,等.因变量为等级变量的中介效应分析[J].心理学报,2013,45(12):1431-1442.
[40]MACKINNON D P.Introduction to statistical mediation analysis[J].Introduction to Probability&Statistics for Engineers&Scientists,2008,36(279):1-8.
[41]SOBEL M E.Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models[J].Journal of Sociological Methodology,1982,13(13):290-312.
[42]VINING J,EBREO A.What makes a recycler?a comparison of recyclers and nonrecyclers[J].Environment&Behavior,1990,22(1):55-73.
[43]GAMBA R J,OSKAMP S.Factors influencing community residents’participation in commingled curbside recycling programs[J].Environment&Behavior,1994,26(5):587-612.
[44]刘欣.相对剥夺地位与阶层认知[J].社会学研究,2002(1):81-90.
[45]ALTHOFF P,GREIG W H.Environmental pollution control:two views from the general population[J].Environment&Behavior,1977,9(3):441-456.
(1)2000年,建设部下发《关于公布生活垃圾分类收集试点城市的通知》(建城环[2000]12号),确定了中国生活垃圾分类收集8个试点城市,分别为北京、上海、广州、深圳、杭州、南京、厦门、桂林,由此拉开了中国城市生活垃圾分类收集试点工作的序幕。
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