南京北郊秋冬季气溶胶散射特性研究
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摘要
气溶胶散射特性对了解气溶胶的辐射效应具有重要意义。为进一步了解南京北郊秋冬季气溶胶散射特性,利用积分浊度仪观测了2015年和2016年秋冬季大气气溶胶散射系数,对比分析了秋冬季气溶胶散射系数的变化特征,并对散射特性相关参数Angstrom波长指数、后向散射比和不对称因子进行了讨论。结果表明,2015年1月平均气溶胶散射系数达到(359.52±254.24) Mm~(-1),是2016年秋冬季平均散射系数(98.95±36.13) Mm~(-1)的3.6倍,最高日平均散射系数可达877.6 Mm~(-1)。2015年冬季气溶胶散射系数频率分布范围较广(52-1 363 Mm~(-1)),而2016年秋冬季气溶胶散射系数主要集中在160 Mm~(-1)以下的低值区。气溶胶散射系数日变化在2015年冬季呈"三峰型"分布;而在2016年秋冬季呈"双峰型"分布。南京北郊2015年1月、2016年秋季和冬季气溶胶Angstrom波长指数平均值分别为1.08、1.3和1.2,由此可知2016年秋冬季的气溶胶粒子以细粒子为主控粒子,而2015年冬季颗粒物粒径相对较大。2015年1月气溶胶粒子的后向散射比(0.097±0.006)低于2016年秋冬季的值(0.123±0.009),表明2015年冬季气溶胶中含有一定比例粒径较粗的粗颗粒物(粒径>1.5μm),而2016年秋冬季气溶胶粒子以粒径小于1.5μm的细粒子为主。其中2015年1月不对称因子高于0.67的样本约占总样本量的70%;而2016年秋冬季不对称因子主要集中在0.55-0.65之间,说明2015年冬季气溶胶粒子的粒径相对较大,且气溶胶粒子的散射以前向散射为主。
The scattering properties of aerosols are important for understanding the radiation effects of aerosols. In order to further understand the scattering properties of aerosols during autumn and winter in the northern suburb of Nanjing, the scattering coefficients of aerosols in autumn and winter of 2015 and 2016 were observed by using an integrating nephelometer. The variation characteristics of aerosol scattering coefficient, Angstrom exponent, back scattering ratio and asymmetry factor were analyzed and discussed. The average aerosol scattering coefficient in January 2015 reached(359.52±254.24) Mm~(-1), which was 3.6 times of autumn and winter of 2016 [(98.95±36.13) Mm~(-1)]. The maximum daily average scattering coefficient during the observation period was calculated to be 877.6 Mm~(-1). The aerosol scattering coefficients in winter of 2015 showed a wide frequency distribution, ranging from 52 to 1 363 Mm~(-1), while the values were mainly concentrated below 160 Mm~(-1) in the autumn and winter of 2016. The diurnal variation of aerosol scattering coefficient showed tri-modal and bimodal distributions in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The average Angstrom exponents were 1.08 in January 2015, 1.3 in fall of 2016 and 1.2 in winter of 2016, respectively. This result indicated that fine particles dominated the aerosol size distribution in the autumn and winter of 2016, while there were particles with coarser size in winter of 2015. The back scattering ratio of aerosol particles in January 2015(0.097±0.006) was lower than that in the autumn and winter of 2016(0.123±0.009), indicating that the coarser particles occurred in January 2015 and fine particles with d<1.5 μm in the autumn and winter of 2016. The asymmetric factor above 0.67 accounted for about 70% of the total samples in January 2015.However, this value varied mainly between 0.55 and 0.65 in the autumn and winter 2016. This result indicated that the size of the aerosol particles was relatively larger in winter of 2015, and the aerosol scattering was dominated by forward scattering.
The scattering properties of aerosols are important for understanding the radiation effects of aerosols. In order to further understand the scattering properties of aerosols during autumn and winter in the northern suburb of Nanjing, the scattering coefficients of aerosols in autumn and winter of 2015 and 2016 were observed by using an integrating nephelometer. The variation characteristics of aerosol scattering coefficient, Angstrom exponent, back scattering ratio and asymmetry factor were analyzed and discussed. The average aerosol scattering coefficient in January 2015 reached(359.52±254.24) Mm~(-1), which was 3.6 times of autumn and winter of 2016 [(98.95±36.13) Mm~(-1)]. The maximum daily average scattering coefficient during the observation period was calculated to be 877.6 Mm~(-1). The aerosol scattering coefficients in winter of 2015 showed a wide frequency distribution, ranging from 52 to 1 363 Mm~(-1), while the values were mainly concentrated below 160 Mm~(-1) in the autumn and winter of 2016. The diurnal variation of aerosol scattering coefficient showed tri-modal and bimodal distributions in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The average Angstrom exponents were 1.08 in January 2015, 1.3 in fall of 2016 and 1.2 in winter of 2016, respectively. This result indicated that fine particles dominated the aerosol size distribution in the autumn and winter of 2016, while there were particles with coarser size in winter of 2015. The back scattering ratio of aerosol particles in January 2015(0.097±0.006) was lower than that in the autumn and winter of 2016(0.123±0.009), indicating that the coarser particles occurred in January 2015 and fine particles with d<1.5 μm in the autumn and winter of 2016. The asymmetric factor above 0.67 accounted for about 70% of the total samples in January 2015.However, this value varied mainly between 0.55 and 0.65 in the autumn and winter 2016. This result indicated that the size of the aerosol particles was relatively larger in winter of 2015, and the aerosol scattering was dominated by forward scattering.
引文
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董群,赵普生,陈一娜,2016.降雨对不同粒径气溶胶粒子碰撞清除能力[J].环境科学,37(10):3686-3692.DONG Q,ZHAO P S,CHEN Y N,2016.Impact of collision removal of rainfall on aerosol particles of different sizes[J].Environmental Science,37(10):3686-3692.
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田磊,张武,史晋森,等,2010.河西春季沙尘气溶胶粒子散射特性的初步研究[J].高原气象,29(4):1050-1057.TIAN L,ZHANG W,SHI J S,et al.,2010.A preliminary study on scattering property of dust aerosol in Hexi Corridor[J].Plateau Meteorology,29(4):1050-1057.
吴进,孙兆彬,翟亮,等,2018.北京地区不同类型降水对气溶胶粒子的影响[J].中国环境科学,38(3):812-821.WU J,SUN Z B,ZHAI L,et al.,2018.Effects of different types of precipitation on aerosol particles in Beijing[J].China Environmental Science,38(3):812-821.
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许建明,耿福海,甄灿明,等,2010.上海浦东地区气溶胶散射系数及影响因子[J].环境科学学报,30(1):211-216.XU J M,GENG F H,ZHEN C M,et al.,2010.Aerosol scattering coefficients and the factors affecting them in Shanghai Pudong[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,30(1):211-216.
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杨康,刘红年,朱焱,等,2015.苏州市气溶胶消光特性及其对灰霾特征的影响[J].环境科学研究,28(6):848-854.YANG K,LIU H N,ZHU Y,et al.,2015.Aerosol extinction characteristics and analysis of haze formation in Suzhou City[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,28(6):848-854.
杨莲梅,张广兴,魏文寿,等,2006.粒子散射系数在沙尘天气观测分级中的初步分析[J].中国沙漠,26(3):380-383.YANG L M,ZHANG G X,WEI W S,et al.,2006.Primary analysis on particle scattering coefficient in classification of sand-dust weather observation[J].Journal of Desert Research,26(3):380-383.
姚青,韩素芹,蔡子颖,等,2012.天津城区春季大气气溶胶消光特性研究[J].中国环境科学,32(5):795-802.YAO Q,HAN S Q,CAI Z Y,et al.,2012.Study on characteristic of aerosol extinction at Tianjin City in the spring[J].China Environmental Science,32(5):795-802.
于兴娜,袁帅,马佳,等,2013.南京北郊2011年春季气溶胶粒子的散射特征[J].大气科学学报,36(3):354-360.YU X N,YUAN S,MA J,et al.,2013.Scattering properties of aerosol in north suburb of Nanjing in spring 2011[J].Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences,36(3):354-360.
张程,于兴娜,沈丽,等,2018.南京北郊冬季气溶胶散射特征及其与PM2.5化学组成的关系[J].生态环境学报,27(1):101-107.ZHANG C,YU X N,SHEN L,et al.,2018.Aerosol scattering property and relationship with PM2.5 chemical component during winter in the northern suburb of Nanjing[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,27(1):101-107.
张婕,刘海文,肖国杰,等,2012.采暖期前后兰州城市气溶胶光学特性变化特征[J].干旱气象,30(2):178-181.ZHANG J,LIU H W,XIAO G J,et al.,2012.Variation characteristics of aerosol optical properties during and after the heating period over Lanzhou City[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology,30(2):178-181.
张勇,银燕,肖辉,等,2012.石家庄春季大气气溶胶的散射特征[J].中国环境科学,32(5):769-779.ZHANG Y,YIN Y,XIAO H,et al.,2012.An observation study of the scattering properties of aerosols over Shijiazhuang City in spring[J].China Environmental Science,32(5):769-779.
张玉平,杨世植,赵强,等,2007.新疆博斯腾湖地区气溶胶光学特性的观测分析[J].大气与环境光学学报,2(1):38-43.ZHANG Y P,YANG S Z,ZHAO Q,et al.,2007.Observation and analyse of aerosol optical properties in Bositeng Lake Area[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2(1):38-43.
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ANDREWS E,SHERIDAN P J,FIEBIG M,et al.,2006.Comparison of methods for deriving aerosol asymmetry parameter[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,111(D5):D05S04.
GARLAND R M,YANG H,SCHMID O,et al.,2008.Aerosol optical properties in a rural environment near the mega-city Guangzhou,China:implications for regional air pollution and radiative forcing[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics Discussions,8(2):5161-5186.
RASOOL S I,SCHNEIDER S H,1971.Atmospheric carbon dioxide and aerosols:effects of large increases on global climate[J].Science,173(3992):138.
TWOHY C H,DURKEE P A,HUEBERT B J,et al.,1995.Effects of aerosol particles on the microphysics of coastal stratiform clouds[J].Journal of Climate,8(8):773-783.
WU Y F,Wang X J,YAN P,et al.,2017.Investigation of hygroscopic growth effect on aerosol scattering coefficient at a rural site in the southern North China Plain[J].Science of The Total Environment,599-600:76-84.
YU X N,MA J,KUMAR K R,et al.,2016.Measurement and analysis of surface aerosol optical properties over urban Nanjing in the Chinese Yangtze River Delta[J].Science of the Total Environment,542(Pt A):277-291.
ZHAO X J,ZHANG X,PU W,et al.,2011.Scattering properties of the atmospheric aerosol in Beijing,China[J].Atmospheric Research,101(3):799-808.
ZHANG W,HU B,CHEN C H,et al.,2004.Scattering properties of atmospheric aerosols over Lanzhou City and applications using an integrating nephelometer[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,21(6):848-856.
董群,赵普生,陈一娜,2016.降雨对不同粒径气溶胶粒子碰撞清除能力[J].环境科学,37(10):3686-3692.DONG Q,ZHAO P S,CHEN Y N,2016.Impact of collision removal of rainfall on aerosol particles of different sizes[J].Environmental Science,37(10):3686-3692.
高澜,邱玉珺,朱彬,2013.南京北郊气溶胶散射特性观测研究[J].中国环境监测,29(2):22-28.GAO L,QIU Y J,ZHU B,2013.An observation study of aerosol scattering properties in northern suburbs of Nanjing[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,29(2):22-28.
何镓祺,于兴娜,朱彬,等,2016.南京冬季气溶胶消光特性及霾天气低能见度特征[J].中国环境科学,36(6):1645-1653.HE J Q,YU X N,ZHU B,et al.,2016.Characteristics of aerosol extinction and low visibility in haze weather in winter of Nanjing[J].China Environmental Science,36(6):1645-1653.
焦艳,2013.上海城区大气PM2.5浓度及气溶胶光学特性的观测研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学.JIAO Y,2013.Observational study of PM2.5 mass concentration and aerosol optical in Shanghai urban area[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China.
柯宗建,汤洁,王炳忠,等,2004.积分浊度计在沙尘暴监测网试验中应用分析[J].气象科技,32(4):258-262.KE Z J,YANG J,WANG B Z,et al.,2004.Primary analysis of application results of integrating nephelometers in dust storm monitoring network experiment[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,32(4):258-262.
刘文彬,邝俊侠,刘叶新,等,2014.广州中心城区冬季大气气溶胶消光特性观测研究[J].现代科学仪器(3):136-141.LIU W B,KUANG J X,LIU Y X,et al.,2014.Study of characteristic of aerosol extinction in Guangzhou urban area during the winter[J].Modern Scientific Instruments(3):136-141.
吕睿,于兴娜,沈丽,等,2016.北京春季大气气溶胶光学特性研究[J].中国环境科学,36(6):1660-1668.LU R,YU X N,SHEN L,et al.,2016.Aerosol optical properties in spring over urban Beijing[J].China Environmental Science,36(6):1660-1668.
沈小静,2012.泰山大气气溶胶数谱分布特征及光学特性研究[D].北京:中国气象科学研究院.SHEN X J,2012.Characteristics of the particle number size distribution and optical properties at Mount Tai[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences.
史晋森,田鹏飞,周天,等,2015.河西走廊农业区春季气溶胶光学特性[J].干旱气象,33(1):38-44.SHI J S,TIAN P F,ZHOU T,et al.,2015.Aerosol optical properties in spring in agricultural area in Hexi Corridor[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology,33(1):38-44.
田磊,张武,史晋森,等,2010.河西春季沙尘气溶胶粒子散射特性的初步研究[J].高原气象,29(4):1050-1057.TIAN L,ZHANG W,SHI J S,et al.,2010.A preliminary study on scattering property of dust aerosol in Hexi Corridor[J].Plateau Meteorology,29(4):1050-1057.
吴进,孙兆彬,翟亮,等,2018.北京地区不同类型降水对气溶胶粒子的影响[J].中国环境科学,38(3):812-821.WU J,SUN Z B,ZHAI L,et al.,2018.Effects of different types of precipitation on aerosol particles in Beijing[J].China Environmental Science,38(3):812-821.
徐梅,韩素芹,武国良,等,2011.天津市区秋冬季大气气溶胶散射系数的变化特征[J].气象,37(12):1566-1571.XU M,HAN S Q,WU G L,et al.,2018.The scattering properties of aerosols in urban site of Tianjin[J].Meteorological Monthly,37(12):1566-1571.
许建明,耿福海,甄灿明,等,2010.上海浦东地区气溶胶散射系数及影响因子[J].环境科学学报,30(1):211-216.XU J M,GENG F H,ZHEN C M,et al.,2010.Aerosol scattering coefficients and the factors affecting them in Shanghai Pudong[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,30(1):211-216.
严伟达,2017.山东地区气溶胶光学特性研究[D].济南:山东大学.YAN W D,2017.Characteristics of aerosol optical properties in Shandong Province[D].Jinan:Shandong University.
杨康,刘红年,朱焱,等,2015.苏州市气溶胶消光特性及其对灰霾特征的影响[J].环境科学研究,28(6):848-854.YANG K,LIU H N,ZHU Y,et al.,2015.Aerosol extinction characteristics and analysis of haze formation in Suzhou City[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,28(6):848-854.
杨莲梅,张广兴,魏文寿,等,2006.粒子散射系数在沙尘天气观测分级中的初步分析[J].中国沙漠,26(3):380-383.YANG L M,ZHANG G X,WEI W S,et al.,2006.Primary analysis on particle scattering coefficient in classification of sand-dust weather observation[J].Journal of Desert Research,26(3):380-383.
姚青,韩素芹,蔡子颖,等,2012.天津城区春季大气气溶胶消光特性研究[J].中国环境科学,32(5):795-802.YAO Q,HAN S Q,CAI Z Y,et al.,2012.Study on characteristic of aerosol extinction at Tianjin City in the spring[J].China Environmental Science,32(5):795-802.
于兴娜,袁帅,马佳,等,2013.南京北郊2011年春季气溶胶粒子的散射特征[J].大气科学学报,36(3):354-360.YU X N,YUAN S,MA J,et al.,2013.Scattering properties of aerosol in north suburb of Nanjing in spring 2011[J].Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences,36(3):354-360.
张程,于兴娜,沈丽,等,2018.南京北郊冬季气溶胶散射特征及其与PM2.5化学组成的关系[J].生态环境学报,27(1):101-107.ZHANG C,YU X N,SHEN L,et al.,2018.Aerosol scattering property and relationship with PM2.5 chemical component during winter in the northern suburb of Nanjing[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,27(1):101-107.
张婕,刘海文,肖国杰,等,2012.采暖期前后兰州城市气溶胶光学特性变化特征[J].干旱气象,30(2):178-181.ZHANG J,LIU H W,XIAO G J,et al.,2012.Variation characteristics of aerosol optical properties during and after the heating period over Lanzhou City[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology,30(2):178-181.
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