水力压裂基础研究进展及发展建议
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摘要
中国低渗透、页岩、致密等难开采油气资源比较丰富,高效开发这类油气资源已成为保障国内油气供给的重要举措之一。水力压裂在难开采油气储层改造中得到了广泛应用,取得了显著的增储增产效果。为了更好地研究和发展水力压裂技术,介绍了国内外近年来水力压裂新工艺和水力裂缝起裂与扩展理论研究、数值模拟、物理模拟等基础研究成果,指出目前研究中存在的不足,分析认为工程与地质的匹配性、稳定与非稳态注入方式的选择性、水力压裂物理模拟与现场原型的相似性,是有效实施水力压裂新工艺的关键所在,并对未来循环注入和波动注入水力压裂研究方向提出了重点研究内容建议,包括非稳态注入流体形成机制研究、井筒压力波动行为研究、储层岩石起裂与扩展机理研究、压裂物理模拟试验与先导性试验、井下管柱动力学及控制技术研究等,以期尽快形成适合中国低渗透、页岩、致密等储层岩性的非稳态水力压裂工艺基础理论及配套技术,并制定非稳态水力压裂设计准则与施工规范。
There are abundant oil and gas resources of high recovery difficulty in China, e.g. low-permeability, shale and tight oil and gas, and the efficient development of this type of oil and gas resources is now one of the important measures to guarantee domestic oil and gas supply. Hydraulic fracturing is widely applied to the reservoir stimulation of oil and gas resources of high recovery difficulty and presents remarkable effect of reserve increase and production improvement. In order to research and develop hydraulic fracturing technology better, domestic and foreign new hydraulic fracturing technologies and basic research results(e.g. theoretical study, numerical simulation and physical simulation of hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation) in recent years were reviewed,and the shortages of the current researches were pointed out. It is indicated that the match between engineering and geology, the selection of steady and non-steady injection modes, and the similarity between the physical simulation of hydraulic fracturing and its field prototype are the key factors controlling the effectiveness of new hydraulic fracturing technology. Then, the key research contents on hydraulic fracturing of cyclic water injection and fluctuating water injection were proposed, including the formation mechanism of non-steady fluid injection, wellbore pressure fluctuation behavior, fracture initiation and propagation mechanism of reservoir rock,physical simulation experiment and pilot test of fracturing, and downhole string mechanics and control technology, so as to develop the basic theories and supporting technologies of non-steady hydraulic fracturing technologies suitable for low-permeability, shale and tight reservoirs in China as soon as possible and prepare the design criterion and construction norm of non-steady hydraulic fracturing.
There are abundant oil and gas resources of high recovery difficulty in China, e.g. low-permeability, shale and tight oil and gas, and the efficient development of this type of oil and gas resources is now one of the important measures to guarantee domestic oil and gas supply. Hydraulic fracturing is widely applied to the reservoir stimulation of oil and gas resources of high recovery difficulty and presents remarkable effect of reserve increase and production improvement. In order to research and develop hydraulic fracturing technology better, domestic and foreign new hydraulic fracturing technologies and basic research results(e.g. theoretical study, numerical simulation and physical simulation of hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation) in recent years were reviewed,and the shortages of the current researches were pointed out. It is indicated that the match between engineering and geology, the selection of steady and non-steady injection modes, and the similarity between the physical simulation of hydraulic fracturing and its field prototype are the key factors controlling the effectiveness of new hydraulic fracturing technology. Then, the key research contents on hydraulic fracturing of cyclic water injection and fluctuating water injection were proposed, including the formation mechanism of non-steady fluid injection, wellbore pressure fluctuation behavior, fracture initiation and propagation mechanism of reservoir rock,physical simulation experiment and pilot test of fracturing, and downhole string mechanics and control technology, so as to develop the basic theories and supporting technologies of non-steady hydraulic fracturing technologies suitable for low-permeability, shale and tight reservoirs in China as soon as possible and prepare the design criterion and construction norm of non-steady hydraulic fracturing.
引文
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