页岩气“体积开发”理论认识、核心技术与实践
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摘要
四川盆地及其周缘上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组海相页岩气勘探开发的突破和发展,对中国天然气理论创新和技术进步具有重大的战略意义,连续型油气聚集、水平井体积压裂开发等一批关键理论技术,支撑了四川盆地南部(蜀南)、涪陵等页岩气田的大发展。为了提高中国页岩气区储量动用率和采收率,基于中国页岩气的地质条件和工业实践,梳理了中国页岩气勘探开发进展及取得的主要地质认识,深化了对五峰组—龙马溪组页岩储层主要地质特征的认识和页岩气"甜点区(段)"分级评价标准,从人工干预提高页岩气有效流动性和开发整体性出发,提出了页岩气甜点区"体积开发"的理论内涵和核心技术,进而评价展望了中国页岩气资源"体积开发"的发展前景。研究结果表明:①页岩气"体积开发"指在不同级别含气页岩储层"甜点区""甜点段"范围内,通过多水平层段分段压裂构建人工缝网系统,利用水平方向流动叠加垂向导流缝流动形成复合流动方式,促使波及范围内的页岩气资源成为可开发的商业储量,实现更多页岩气资源的有效动用;②"体积开发"包括"甜点区"综合评价、体积开发井网优化设计、水平井钻井和靶窗优选及轨迹设计、水平井段体积压裂改造技术、生产制度设计与平台式工厂化管理等5项核心技术。结论认为,"体积开发"理论技术不仅为目前长宁、涪陵等页岩气储量区立体开发,而且也为陆相、海陆过渡相页岩气等非常规油气资源的整体利用,提供了重要的理论依据和技术支持,具有广阔的应用前景。
In recent years, major exploration breakthroughs and subsequent booming development of marine shale gas in both Upper Ordovician Wufeng and Lower Silurian Longmaxi Fms in the Sichuan Basin and its surroundings highlight the strategic importance for the theoretical innovation and technological advances of natural gas in China. A number of key theories and technologies, such as continuous hydrocarbon accumulation and horizontal well volume fracturing, and so on, have contributed to the large-scale development of shale gas fields such as Shunan, Fuling, etc., in Sichuan Basin. Based on China's geological conditions, industrial practices and current limitations in executing the full-scale development of shale gas, a new concept called "volume development(VD)" has been proposed. Under the framework of this theory, man-made volumetric fracture network systems are established through the combination of horizontal well drilling and transverse hydraulic fracturing through which gas flow become much more efficient due to the lateral flow superimposed by vertical fracture flow. VD has become a very efficient development model for shale gas because it can make natural gas in the volume affected by the man-made fracture network system become commercial reserves, and be produced more cost-effectively. VD includes five core technologies, i.e. integrated evaluation of "sweet areas", "optimization design of well patterns for volume development", "optimization and trajectory design of horizontal well drilling in target window", "massive fracturing technology for horizontal wellbores", "design of production system and platform-based well factory-like management". The VD theory and technology provides important theoretical basis and technical support not only for the present three-dimensional development of shale gas in Changning, Fuling and other nearby blocks, but for the overall utilization of unconventional oil and gas resources such as continental, transitional marine and continental facies shale gas. It is believed that VD will have broad application prospects in shale gas development.
In recent years, major exploration breakthroughs and subsequent booming development of marine shale gas in both Upper Ordovician Wufeng and Lower Silurian Longmaxi Fms in the Sichuan Basin and its surroundings highlight the strategic importance for the theoretical innovation and technological advances of natural gas in China. A number of key theories and technologies, such as continuous hydrocarbon accumulation and horizontal well volume fracturing, and so on, have contributed to the large-scale development of shale gas fields such as Shunan, Fuling, etc., in Sichuan Basin. Based on China's geological conditions, industrial practices and current limitations in executing the full-scale development of shale gas, a new concept called "volume development(VD)" has been proposed. Under the framework of this theory, man-made volumetric fracture network systems are established through the combination of horizontal well drilling and transverse hydraulic fracturing through which gas flow become much more efficient due to the lateral flow superimposed by vertical fracture flow. VD has become a very efficient development model for shale gas because it can make natural gas in the volume affected by the man-made fracture network system become commercial reserves, and be produced more cost-effectively. VD includes five core technologies, i.e. integrated evaluation of "sweet areas", "optimization design of well patterns for volume development", "optimization and trajectory design of horizontal well drilling in target window", "massive fracturing technology for horizontal wellbores", "design of production system and platform-based well factory-like management". The VD theory and technology provides important theoretical basis and technical support not only for the present three-dimensional development of shale gas in Changning, Fuling and other nearby blocks, but for the overall utilization of unconventional oil and gas resources such as continental, transitional marine and continental facies shale gas. It is believed that VD will have broad application prospects in shale gas development.
引文
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