储集层改造技术进展及发展方向
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摘要
通过对储集层改造技术发展历史的总结,明确了国内外储集层改造技术的新进展,总结出国内外储集层改造技术的差距,指出未来面临的技术难点及发展方向。中国与国外储集层改造技术的差距主要表现在储集层改造裂缝扩展机理、软件研发、压裂车装备、工具的耐温耐压性、支撑剂替代、大数据信息化数据库等6个方面;未来面临技术难点主要有地质与工程一体化的深度融合不够、水平井体积改造多裂缝的扩展形态及影响因素不清楚、降本空间小环保压力大、新技术缺乏室内实验及现场试验装备、压裂液体系关键技术欠成熟、工厂化压裂设备功效低等。在此基础上,结合中国储集层改造技术发展现状,提出了6个方面的建议:①做好非常规储集层改造机理研究;②加快地质-工程一体化软件研发;③促进提高采收率改造工艺升级;④开展低成本多功能压裂液配方实验;⑤尽快完成高效压裂装备配备;⑥全面建设储集层改造大数据、信息化平台及远程决策系统。图4表1参43
Through reviewing the development history of reservoir fracturing technology, this paper demonstrated the latest research progress at home and abroad and summarized six technical gaps between China and the world, that is fracture propagation mechanism,fracturing software development, fracturing vehicle equipment, downhole tools temperature and pressure resistance, proppant replacement and big data information database. The technical difficulties include lack of geological-engineering deep integration, unclear factors on horizontal well multi-fracture propagation, difficulty in reducing construction costs, environment protection pressure, lack of new experimental and field test equipment, immature techniques for fracturing fluid, and low efficacy of factorized fracturing equipment.We proposed six suggestions on China's reservoir hydraulic fracturing technology:(1) strengthen mechanism study of unconventional reservoir hydraulic fracturing;(2) accelerate the development of geological-engineering integration software;(3) promote the upgrading of EOR fracturing techniques;(4) carry out low-cost multi-functional fracturing fluid formula experiment;(5) complete high-efficiency fracturing equipment;(6) build big database, informational and remote decision-making system of hydraulic fracturing.
Through reviewing the development history of reservoir fracturing technology, this paper demonstrated the latest research progress at home and abroad and summarized six technical gaps between China and the world, that is fracture propagation mechanism,fracturing software development, fracturing vehicle equipment, downhole tools temperature and pressure resistance, proppant replacement and big data information database. The technical difficulties include lack of geological-engineering deep integration, unclear factors on horizontal well multi-fracture propagation, difficulty in reducing construction costs, environment protection pressure, lack of new experimental and field test equipment, immature techniques for fracturing fluid, and low efficacy of factorized fracturing equipment.We proposed six suggestions on China's reservoir hydraulic fracturing technology:(1) strengthen mechanism study of unconventional reservoir hydraulic fracturing;(2) accelerate the development of geological-engineering integration software;(3) promote the upgrading of EOR fracturing techniques;(4) carry out low-cost multi-functional fracturing fluid formula experiment;(5) complete high-efficiency fracturing equipment;(6) build big database, informational and remote decision-making system of hydraulic fracturing.
引文
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[33]王晓东,赵振峰,李向平,等.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油层混合水压裂试验[J].石油钻采工艺,2012,34(5):80-83.WANG Xiaodong,ZHAO Zhenfeng,LI Xiangping,et al.Mixing water fracturing technology for tight oil reservoir in Ordos Basin[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2012,34(5):80-83.
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[2]ACHARYA R.Hydraulic-fracture-treatment design simulation[R].SPE 17175,1988.
[3]KING G E.Thirty years of gas shale fracturing:What have we learned?[R].SPE 133456,2010.
[4]赵政璋,杜金虎.致密油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.ZHAO Zhengzhang,DU Jinhu.Tight oil and gas[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012.
[5]汪海阁,葛云华,石林.深井超深井钻完井技术现状、挑战和“十三五”发展方向[J].天然气工业,2017,37(4):1-8.WANG Haige,GE Yunhua,SHI Lin.Technologies in deep and ultra-deep well drilling:Present status,challenges and future trend in the 13th Five-Year Plan period(2016-2020)[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(4):1-8.
[6]赵政璋,胡素云,李小地.能源:历史回顾与21世纪展望[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007.ZHAO Zhengzhang,HU Suyun,LI Xiaodi.Energy:History review and21st century prospecting[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2007.
[7]胡素云,朱如凯,吴松涛,等.中国陆相致密油效益勘探开发[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):737-748.HU Suyun,ZHU Rukai,WU Songtao,et al.Profitable exploration and development of continental tight oil in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):737-748.
[8]孙赞东,贾承造,李相方,等.非常规油气勘探与开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.SUN Zandong,JIA Chengzao,LI Xiangfang,et al.Unconventional petroleum exploration and exploitation[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[9]ECONOMIDES M J,MARTIN T.Modern fracturing enhancing natural gas production[M].Houston:Gulf Publishing Co.,2008:116-125.
[10]FAST C R,HOLMAN G B,COVLIN R J.The application of massive hydraulic fracturing to the tight muddy“J”formation,Wattenberg Field,Colorado[R].SPE 5624,1977.
[11]FINCH R W,SKEES J L,AUD W W,et al.Evolution of completion and fracture stimulation practices in the Jonah Field,Sublette County,WY[R].SPE 36734,1996.
[12]WAN T,SHENG J,SOLIMAN M Y.Evaluation of the EORpotential in fractured shale oil reservoirs by cyclic gas injection[R].SPE 168880,2013.
[13]BUNGER A P,JEFFREY R G,ZHANG X.Constraints on simultaneous growth of hydraulic fractures from multiple perforation clusters in horizontal wells[R].SPE 163860,2013.
[14]CIPOLLA C L,LOLON E P,CERAMICS C,et al.Fracture design considerations in horizontal wells drilled in unconventional gas reservoirs[R].SPE 119366,2009.
[15]赵惊蛰,李书恒,屈雪峰,等.特低渗透油藏开发压裂技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(5):93-95.ZHAO Jingzhe,LI Shuheng,QU Xuefeng,et al.Fracturing technique of super-low permeability reservoir development[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(5):93-95.
[16]吴亚红,林涛,池圣平,等.文23气田整体压裂改造技术研究与效果评价[J].天然气工业,2001,21(1):69-72.WU Yahong,LIN Tao,CHI Shengping,et al.A study of overall fracturing reformation of Wen-23 gas field and its effect evaluation[J].Natural Gas Industry,2001,21(1):69-72.
[17]吴奇,胥云,王晓泉,等.非常规油气藏体积改造技术:内涵、优化设计与实现[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):352-358.WU Qi,XU Yun,WANG Xiaoquan,et al.Volume fracturing technology of unconventional reservoirs:Connotation,optimization design and implementation[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):352-358.
[18]吴奇,胥云,张守良,等.非常规油气藏体积改造技术核心理论与优化设计关键[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):706-714.WU Qi,XU Yun,ZHANG Shouliang,et al.The core theories and key optimization designs of volume stimulation technology for unconventional reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):706-714.
[19]吴奇,胥云,刘玉章,等.美国页岩气体积改造技术现状及对我国的启示[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,33(2):1-7.WU Qi,XU Yun,LIU Yuzhang,et al.The current situation of stimulated reservoir volume for shale in U.S.and its inspiration to China[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2011,33(2):1-7.
[20]吴奇,胥云,王腾飞,等.增产改造理念的重大变革:体积改造技术概论[J].天然气工业,2011,31(4):7-12.WU Qi,XU Yun,WANG Tengfei,et al.The revolution of reservoir stimulation:An introduction of volume fracturing[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(4):7-12.
[21]胥云,雷群,陈铭,等.体积改造技术理论研究进展与发展方向[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(5):874-887.XU Yun,LEI Qun,CHEN Ming,et al.Progress and development of volume stimulation techniques[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(5):874-887.
[22]雷群,杨立峰,段瑶瑶,等.常规油气“缝控储量”改造优化设计技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):719-726.LEI Qun,YANG Lifeng,DUAN Yaoyao,et al.The“fracturecontrolled reserves”based stimulation technology for unconventional oil and gas reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):719-726.
[23]黄荣樽.水力压裂裂缝的起裂和扩展[J].石油勘探与开发,1981,8(5):62-74.HUANG Rongzun.Initial crack and propagation of hydraulic fracture[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1981,8(5):62-74.
[24]YAMAMOTO K T,SHIMAMOTOL.Multiple fracture propagation model for a three-dimensional hydraulic fracturing simulator[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2004,4(1):46-57.
[25]马新仿,李宁,尹丛彬,等.页岩水力裂缝扩展形态与声发射解释:以四川盆地志留系龙马溪组页岩为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(6):974-981.MA Xinfang,LI Ning,YIN Congbin,et al.Hydraulic fracture propagation geometry and acoustic emission interpretation:A case study of Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale in Sichuan Basin,SWChina[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(6):974-981.
[26]付海峰,刘云志,梁天成,等.四川省宜宾地区龙马溪组页岩水力裂缝形态实验研究[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(12):2231-2236.FU Haifeng,LIU Yunzhi,LIANG Tiancheng,et al.Laboratory study on hydraulic fracture geometry of Longmaxi Formation Shale[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(12):2231-2236.
[27]TABATABAEI M,MARK D,DANIELS R.Evaluating the performance of hydraulically fractured horizontal wells in the Bakken Shale Play[R].SPE 122570,2009.
[28]GHANBARI E,ABBASI M,DEHGHANPOUR H,et al.Flow back volumetric and chemical analysis for evaluating load recovery and its impact on early-time production[R].SPE 167165,2013.
[29]CIEZOBKA J,COURTIER J,WICKER J.Hydraulic fracturing test site(HFTS):Project overview and summary of results[R].SPE2937168,2018.
[30]胥云.中国压裂技术的未来[J].石油与装备,2012(6):43-45.XU Yun.The further of fracturing technology in China[J].Petroleum and Equipment,2012(6):43-45.
[31]宋振云,苏伟东,杨延增,等.CO2干法加砂压裂技术研究与实践[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):55-59.SONG Zhenyun,SU Weidong,YANG Yanzeng,et al.Experimental studies of CO2/sand dry-frac process[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(6):55-59.
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