闽江上游溪流沉积物有机磷空间分布及其环境意义分析
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摘要
为探究闽江上游土地利用方式对溪流沉积物磷的分布及潜在释放能力的影响,利用IVANOFF法,重点研究闽江上游不同流域沉积物有机磷形态及其空间分布特征,探讨沉积物的理化性质对有机磷(OP)形态含量分布的影响.结果表明:①建溪和沙溪流域的沉积物总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)含量要高于富屯溪流域,这应与建溪和沙溪流域附近农田和居民区较多、富屯溪流域周围多以林地为主有关;②3个流域沉积物中TN含量及建溪和富屯溪流域沉积物中的TP含量均有上游<中游<下游的规律,显然是溪流上游多山地、林地,而中下游人类活动多造成的;③3个流域沉积物有机磷形态都以非活性有机磷(NLOP)为主,表明闽江上游总体受外源污染影响较小,其形态相对比例在不同流域的沉积物中的变化较大,而在同一河流的不同地段中变化则较小;④沉积物的理化性质对有机磷形态与分布有明显影响,其中有机质(OM)、TP和TN的影响最为明显,但对不同流域沉积物的影响程度存在差异.因此,为保障闽江上游水质,应加强对流域附近的生活污染源及农业污染源的控制.
In order to explore the effect of land use pattern on phosphorus distribution and the potential release capacity of stream sediment in the upper Minjiang River,this paper presented organic phosphorus forms and their spatial distribution characteristics of sediments in the upper Minjiang River by using the IVANOFF method and discussing the effects of physicochemical properties of sediments on the distribution of organic phosphorus forms. The results show that: ①nitrogen and phosphorus contents of sediments in Jianxi and Shaxi catchments are higher than those in the Futunxi catchment,probably related to the large number of farmland runoff and municipal sewage near the Jianxi and Shaxi catchments and the large forest area around the Futunxi catchment; ② contents in the sediments from three catchments and TP contents in the sediments from Jianxi and Futunxi catchments showed the order of upper reaches < middle reaches < lower reaches,which may be caused by the mountainous and forested areas in the upper reaches and the intensive human activities in the middle and lower reaches; ③nitrogen phosphorus in sediments of the three catchments were mainly non-active organic phosphorus,which indicated that upper reaches of the Minjiang river were generally less affected by external pollution,and the relative proportion of organic phosphorus in the sediments of different catchments was relatively large,while the change in different sections of the same river was relatively small; ④physicochemical properties of sediments had a significant impact on the morphology and distribution of organic phosphorus,among which the effects of organic matter,TP,and TN were the most obvious,but the effects on sediments in different river basins were different. Therefore,to protect the water quality of the upper Minjiang River,it is necessary to strengthen the control of the living and agricultural pollution sources near the catchments.
In order to explore the effect of land use pattern on phosphorus distribution and the potential release capacity of stream sediment in the upper Minjiang River,this paper presented organic phosphorus forms and their spatial distribution characteristics of sediments in the upper Minjiang River by using the IVANOFF method and discussing the effects of physicochemical properties of sediments on the distribution of organic phosphorus forms. The results show that: ①nitrogen and phosphorus contents of sediments in Jianxi and Shaxi catchments are higher than those in the Futunxi catchment,probably related to the large number of farmland runoff and municipal sewage near the Jianxi and Shaxi catchments and the large forest area around the Futunxi catchment; ② contents in the sediments from three catchments and TP contents in the sediments from Jianxi and Futunxi catchments showed the order of upper reaches < middle reaches < lower reaches,which may be caused by the mountainous and forested areas in the upper reaches and the intensive human activities in the middle and lower reaches; ③nitrogen phosphorus in sediments of the three catchments were mainly non-active organic phosphorus,which indicated that upper reaches of the Minjiang river were generally less affected by external pollution,and the relative proportion of organic phosphorus in the sediments of different catchments was relatively large,while the change in different sections of the same river was relatively small; ④physicochemical properties of sediments had a significant impact on the morphology and distribution of organic phosphorus,among which the effects of organic matter,TP,and TN were the most obvious,but the effects on sediments in different river basins were different. Therefore,to protect the water quality of the upper Minjiang River,it is necessary to strengthen the control of the living and agricultural pollution sources near the catchments.
引文
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[2]Wan J,Wang Z,Li Z J,et al.Critical velocity in phosphorus exchange processes across the sediment-water interface[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(10):1966-1971.
[3]黄蓉,杨文斌,程俊杰,等.菹草、伊乐藻对水-沉积物界面磷迁移转化的影响[J/OL].环境科学研究,2018,doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2018.11.07.Huang R,Yang W B,Cheng J J,et al.Effects of Potamogeton crispus L.and Elodea nuttallii on phosphorus migration and transference between water and sediment[J/OL].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2018.11.07.
[4]王婷,王坤,姜霞.东洞庭湖沉积物覆水后磷形态变化及其释放量[J].湖泊科学,2018,30(4):937-947.Wang T,Wang K,Jiang X.Influence of rewetting process on distribution and release of phosphorus in sediments of East Lake Dongting[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2018,30(4):937-947.
[5]刘凯,倪兆奎,王圣瑞,等.鄱阳湖不同高程沉积物中磷形态特征研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(3):856-861.Liu K,Ni Z K,Wang S R,et al.Distribution characteristics of phosphorus in sediments at different altitudes of Poyang Lake[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(3):856-861.
[6]董丹萍,章婷曦,张丁予,等.太湖湖泛易发区沉积物中有机磷形态分布特征[J].环境科学,2016,37(11):4194-4202.Dong D P,Zhang T X,Zhang D Y,et al.Characteristics of organic phosphorus fractions in the sediments of the black water aggregation in Lake Taihu[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(11):4194-4202.
[7]李强,尹俊华,席北斗,等.巢湖入湖河流沉积物中有机磷的形态分级研究[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(2):441-447.Li Q,Yin J H,Xi B D,et al.Characteristics of organic phosphorus fractions in sediments of inflow rivers of Lake Chaohu,China[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(2):441-447.
[8]马双丽,倪兆奎,王圣瑞,等.鄱阳湖沉积物有机磷形态及对水位变化响应[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(10):3607-3614.Ma S L,Ni Z K,Wang S R,et al.Organic phosphorus forms in sediments and their relationship with the change of water level in Poyang Lake[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(10):3607-3614.
[9]严玉鹏.几种土壤有机磷在铁铝氧化物表面的吸附、解吸与沉淀[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015.
[10]Cha H J,Lee C B,Kim B S,et al.Early diagenetic redistribution and burial of phosphorus in the sediments of the southwestern East Sea(Japan Sea)[J].Marine Geology,2005,216(3):127-143.
[11]刘超,朱淮武,王立英,等.滇池与红枫湖沉积物中磷的地球化学特征比较研究[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(4):1073-1079.Liu C,Zhu H W,Wang L Y,et al.Comparative study on the geochemical characteristics of phosphorus in sediments from Lake Dianchi and Hongfeng[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(4):1073-1079.
[12]岳琦,张林波,刘成程,等.基于GIS的福建闽江上游山洪灾害风险区划[J].环境工程技术学报,2015,5(4):293-298.Yue Q,Zhang L B,Liu C C,et al.GIS-based risk zoning of flood disasters in upstream of the Minjiang River[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2015,5(4):293-298.
[13]张国防,陈瑞炎,曾建荣,等.闽江流域洪灾与生态环境脆弱性研究[J].水土保持通报,2000,20(4):51-55.Zhang G F,Chen R Y,Zeng J R,et al.A study on floodwater and fragility of environment in Minjiang valley[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,20(4):51-55.
[14]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.22-28.
[15]Ivanoff D B,Reddy K R,Robinson S.Chemical fractionation of organic phosphorus in selected histosols[J].Soil Science,1998,163(1):36-45.
[16]狄贞珍,张洪,单保庆.太湖内源营养盐负荷状况及其对上覆水水质的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(12):3872-3882.Di Z Z,Zhang H,Shan B Q.Status of internal nutrient loads and their effects on overlying water quality in Taihu Lake[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(12):3872-3882.
[17]Liang T,Tong Y L,Wang X H,et al.Release of reactive phosphorus from sediments in Dongting Lake linked with the Yangtze River[J].Environmental Chemistry,2016,14(1):48-54.
[18]甘树,卢少勇,秦普丰,等.太湖西岸湖滨带沉积物氮磷有机质分布及评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(9):3064-3069.Gan S,Lu S Y,Qin P F,et al.Spatial distribution and evaluation of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter in surface sediments from western lakeside belt of Lake Taihu[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(9):3064-3069.
[19]吴强亮,谢从新,赵峰,等.沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria natans)对沉积物中磷赋存形态的影响[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(2):228-234.Wu Q L,Xie C X,Zhao F,et al.Effects of Vallisneria natans on the occurrence characteristic of phosphorus fractions in sediment[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2014,26(2):228-234.
[20]Tang X Q,Wu M,Dai X C,et al.Phosphorus storage dynamics and adsorption characteristics for sediment from a drinking water source reservoir and its relation with sediment compositions[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,64:276-284.
[21]王健康,王亚茹,杨广,等.玉渊潭人工湿地沉积物有机磷形态分级特征研究[J].环境工程,2015,33(S1):932-935,940.Wang J K,Wang Y R,Yang G,et al.Characteristics of organic phosphorus fractions in sediments of Yuyuantan artifical wetland[J].Environmental Engineering,2015,33(S1):932-935,940.
[22]Bai X L,Ding S M,Fan C X,et al.Organic phosphorus species in surface sediments of a large,shallow,eutrophic lake,Lake Taihu,China[J].Environmental Pollution,2009,157(8-9):2507-2513.
[23]Jin X C,Wang S R,Chu J Z,et al.Organic phosphorus in shallow lake sediments in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River area in China[J].Pedosphere,2008,18(3):394-400.
[24]Gao Y L,Liang T,Tian S H,et al.High-resolution imaging of labile phosphorus and its relationship with iron redox state in lake Sediments[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,219:466-474.
[25]Fang T H.Partitioning and behaviour of different forms of phosphorus in the Tanshui estuary and one of its tributaries,Northern Taiwan[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2000,50(5):689-701.
[26]Norton S A,Coolidge K,Amirbahman A,et al.Speciation of Al,Fe,and P in recent sediment from three lakes in Maine,USA[J].Science of the Total Environment,2008,404(2-3):276-283.
[27]金晓丹,吴昊,陈志明,等.长江河口水库沉积物磷形态、吸附和释放特性[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):448-456.Jin X D,Wu H,Chen Z M,et al.Phosphorus fractions,sorption characteristics and its release in the sediments of Yangtze Estuary Reservoir,China[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(2):448-456.
[28]刘婉清.湖泊沉积物有机磷沉积特征研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2014.
[29]Ni Z K,Wang S R,Zhang L,et al.Role of hydrological conditions on organic phosphorus forms and their availability in sediments from Poyang Lake,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(13):10116-10129.
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