水污染事件应急跟踪监测期分析的质量控制
|
摘要
随着环境应急事故处理的规范化要求不断深入,在水污染事件应急监测的不同阶段应做好相关质量控制工作。研究以某突发水环境污染事件为例,探讨跟踪监测阶段分析质量控制措施,包括实验室手工分析和采用自动分析设备分析。质量控制数据统计结果表明:该污染事件跟踪监测期间实验室分析数据处于可控状态,自动分析仪器所得数据与实验室分析数据可比。案例结果表明:在确定主要污染物后的污染事件跟踪监测期内,实验室分析应严格按照相关标准规范要求开展质量控制。建议在水污染事件应急监测中,通过方法比对和规范的质量控制措施,使监测处于受控状态,进一步提高应急监测数据质量,保证监测结果的及时、科学、准确和可靠。
The quality control should be done at different stages of the emergency monitoring of water pollution accidents,with the deepening of normalization requirements for environmental emergency disposal. This study took a sudden water environmental pollution incident as an example to discuss the quality control of measures at the follow-up monitoring stage,including laboratory manual analysis and automatic analysis equipment analysis. The statistical results of quality control data showed that the laboratory analysis data was in a controllable state during the tracking monitoring of the pollution event,and the data obtained from the automatic analysis instrument was comparable with the laboratory analysis data. The results of the case showed that during the follow-up monitoring period of pollution events after the determination of major pollutants,the analysis should strictly carry out the quality control of the analysis in accordance with relevant standards and specifications. It was suggested that in the emergency monitoring of water pollution,the method of comparison and normative quality control measures should be adopted to make the monitoring under control,improve further the quality of emergency monitoring data,and ensure the timely,scientific,accurate and reliable monitoring results.
The quality control should be done at different stages of the emergency monitoring of water pollution accidents,with the deepening of normalization requirements for environmental emergency disposal. This study took a sudden water environmental pollution incident as an example to discuss the quality control of measures at the follow-up monitoring stage,including laboratory manual analysis and automatic analysis equipment analysis. The statistical results of quality control data showed that the laboratory analysis data was in a controllable state during the tracking monitoring of the pollution event,and the data obtained from the automatic analysis instrument was comparable with the laboratory analysis data. The results of the case showed that during the follow-up monitoring period of pollution events after the determination of major pollutants,the analysis should strictly carry out the quality control of the analysis in accordance with relevant standards and specifications. It was suggested that in the emergency monitoring of water pollution,the method of comparison and normative quality control measures should be adopted to make the monitoring under control,improve further the quality of emergency monitoring data,and ensure the timely,scientific,accurate and reliable monitoring results.
引文
[1]李静,吕永龙,贺桂珍,等.我国突发性环境污染事故时空格局及影响研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(9):2 684-2 688.LI Jing,LYU Yonglong,HE Guizhen,et al.Spatial and Temporal Changes of Emerging Environmental Pollution Accidents and Impact Factors in China[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(9):2 684-2 688.
[2]国家环境保护总局.中国环境统计年报2004-2006年[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2004-2006.
[3]环境保护部.中国环境统计年报2007-2010年[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007-2010.
[4]环境保护部.中国环境统计年报2011-2015年[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2011-2015.
[5]吴世良.突发性水污染应急监测与质量控制[J].计量,2007(2):17-19.WU Shiliang.Emergency Monitoring and Quality Control of Sudden Water Pollution[J].Measurement,2007(2):17-19.
[6]傅晓钦,胡迪峰,翁燕波,等.突发性环境污染事故应急监测研究进展[J].中国环境监测,2012,28(1):107-109.FU Xiaoqin,HU Difeng,WENG Yanbo,et al.Research Progress in Emergency Monitoring of Sudden Environmental Pollution Accidents[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2012,28(1):107-109.
[7]环境保护部.突发环境事件应急监测技术规范:HJ589-2010[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2010.
[8]余若祯,齐文启.关于我国现行环境监测分析方法标准体系的思考与建议[J].现代科学仪器,2012(6):62-69.YU Ruozhen,QI Wenqi.Thoughts and Suggestions on Existing Standard Environmental Analytical Methods System in China[J].Modern Scientific Instruments,2012(6):62-69.
[9]刀谞,滕恩江,吕怡兵,等.我国环境应急监测技术方法和装备存在的问题及建议[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(4):169-175.DAO Xu,TENG Enjiang,LYU Yibing,et al.Problems and Suggestions on the Current Situation of the Environmental Emergency Monitoring Technology and Instrument in China[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2013,29(4):169-175.
[10]袁懋.突发环境事件应急监测应对思路[J].环境影响评价,2017,39(1):28-31.YUAN Mao.Feasible Methods for Emergency Monitoring in Abrupt Environmental Accidents[J].Environmental Impact Assessment,2017,39(1):28-31.
[11]国家环境保护局.水质总磷的测定钼酸铵分光光度法:GB 11893-89[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1989.
[12]史绵红,余晶京,刘静思,等.我国突发环境事件现场应急监测仪器技术现状及展望[J].化学通报,2015,78(5):414-420.SHI Mianhong,YU Jingjing,LIU Jingsi,et al.Application Status and Prospects of Instrumental Technologies in Environmental Emergency Monitoring in Situ in China[J].Chemistry Bulletin,2015,78(5):414-420.
[13]刘耀龙,陈振楼,毕春娟,等.中国突发性环境污染事故应急监测研究[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(12):116-119.LIU Yaolong,CHEN Zhenlou,BI Chunjuan,et al.China’s Emergency Monitoring of Sudden Environmental Pollution Incidents in Recent Ten Years[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,31(12):116-119.
[14]施维荣.做好环境应急监测质量保证的思考[J].污染防治技术,2014,27(1):49-50.SHI Weirong.The Thinking on Environmental Emergency Monitoring Quality Assurance[J].Pollution Control Technology,2014,27(1):49-50.
[15]陈丹青,赵淑莉,王清华,等.突发性流域水污染应急监测的质量控制[J].环境监控与预警,2011,3(6):16-22.CHEN Danqing,ZHAO Shuli,WANG Qinghua,et al.Quality Control of Emergency Monitoring of the Sudden Water Pollution[J].Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning,2011,3(6):16-22.
[16]宋维彦.强化突发性环境污染事故应急监测质量管理[J].资源信息与工程,2017,32(3):190-191.SONG Weiyan.Strengthen the Emergency Monitoring Quality Management for Sudden Environmental Pollution Accidents[J].Resource Information and Engineering,2017,32(3):190-191.
[17]刘卫红.突发性环境污染事故应急监测质量保证体系的研究[J].中国环境监测,2008,24(1):54-59.LIU Weihong.Research on System of Quality Assurance for Emergency Environmental Pollution Accidents Monitoring[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2008,24(1):54-59.
[18]国家环境保护总局.地表水和污水监测技术规范:HJ/T 91-2002[S].北京:中国环境出版社,2002.
[19]环境保护部.地表水自动监测技术规范:HJ 915-2017[S].北京:中国环境出版社,2017.
[20]胡迪峰,翁燕波,徐能斌.水环境应急快速监测QA/QC技术体系探讨[J].中国环境监测,2011,27(6):36-39.HU Difeng,WENG Yanbo,XU Nengbin.The Research of QA/QC Technology System of Emergency Monitoring in Water Environment[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2011,27(6):36-39.
[21]樊引琴,李玉洪,李婳,等.突发性水污染应急监测质量管理[J].环境研究与监测,2013(2):21-25.FAN Yinqin,LI Yuhong,LI Hua,et al.Quality Management of Emergency Monitoring of Sudden Water Pollution[J].Environmental Research and Monitoring,2013(2):21-25.
[22]国家环境保护总局水和废水监测分析方法编委会.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版增补版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[23]贺晶.浅谈环境应急监测质量管理体系的建设[J].安全与环境工程,2012,19(1):51-53.HE Jing.On the Construction of Quality Management System for Environmental Emergency Monitoring[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2012,19(1):51-53.
[2]国家环境保护总局.中国环境统计年报2004-2006年[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2004-2006.
[3]环境保护部.中国环境统计年报2007-2010年[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007-2010.
[4]环境保护部.中国环境统计年报2011-2015年[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2011-2015.
[5]吴世良.突发性水污染应急监测与质量控制[J].计量,2007(2):17-19.WU Shiliang.Emergency Monitoring and Quality Control of Sudden Water Pollution[J].Measurement,2007(2):17-19.
[6]傅晓钦,胡迪峰,翁燕波,等.突发性环境污染事故应急监测研究进展[J].中国环境监测,2012,28(1):107-109.FU Xiaoqin,HU Difeng,WENG Yanbo,et al.Research Progress in Emergency Monitoring of Sudden Environmental Pollution Accidents[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2012,28(1):107-109.
[7]环境保护部.突发环境事件应急监测技术规范:HJ589-2010[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2010.
[8]余若祯,齐文启.关于我国现行环境监测分析方法标准体系的思考与建议[J].现代科学仪器,2012(6):62-69.YU Ruozhen,QI Wenqi.Thoughts and Suggestions on Existing Standard Environmental Analytical Methods System in China[J].Modern Scientific Instruments,2012(6):62-69.
[9]刀谞,滕恩江,吕怡兵,等.我国环境应急监测技术方法和装备存在的问题及建议[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(4):169-175.DAO Xu,TENG Enjiang,LYU Yibing,et al.Problems and Suggestions on the Current Situation of the Environmental Emergency Monitoring Technology and Instrument in China[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2013,29(4):169-175.
[10]袁懋.突发环境事件应急监测应对思路[J].环境影响评价,2017,39(1):28-31.YUAN Mao.Feasible Methods for Emergency Monitoring in Abrupt Environmental Accidents[J].Environmental Impact Assessment,2017,39(1):28-31.
[11]国家环境保护局.水质总磷的测定钼酸铵分光光度法:GB 11893-89[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1989.
[12]史绵红,余晶京,刘静思,等.我国突发环境事件现场应急监测仪器技术现状及展望[J].化学通报,2015,78(5):414-420.SHI Mianhong,YU Jingjing,LIU Jingsi,et al.Application Status and Prospects of Instrumental Technologies in Environmental Emergency Monitoring in Situ in China[J].Chemistry Bulletin,2015,78(5):414-420.
[13]刘耀龙,陈振楼,毕春娟,等.中国突发性环境污染事故应急监测研究[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(12):116-119.LIU Yaolong,CHEN Zhenlou,BI Chunjuan,et al.China’s Emergency Monitoring of Sudden Environmental Pollution Incidents in Recent Ten Years[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,31(12):116-119.
[14]施维荣.做好环境应急监测质量保证的思考[J].污染防治技术,2014,27(1):49-50.SHI Weirong.The Thinking on Environmental Emergency Monitoring Quality Assurance[J].Pollution Control Technology,2014,27(1):49-50.
[15]陈丹青,赵淑莉,王清华,等.突发性流域水污染应急监测的质量控制[J].环境监控与预警,2011,3(6):16-22.CHEN Danqing,ZHAO Shuli,WANG Qinghua,et al.Quality Control of Emergency Monitoring of the Sudden Water Pollution[J].Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning,2011,3(6):16-22.
[16]宋维彦.强化突发性环境污染事故应急监测质量管理[J].资源信息与工程,2017,32(3):190-191.SONG Weiyan.Strengthen the Emergency Monitoring Quality Management for Sudden Environmental Pollution Accidents[J].Resource Information and Engineering,2017,32(3):190-191.
[17]刘卫红.突发性环境污染事故应急监测质量保证体系的研究[J].中国环境监测,2008,24(1):54-59.LIU Weihong.Research on System of Quality Assurance for Emergency Environmental Pollution Accidents Monitoring[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2008,24(1):54-59.
[18]国家环境保护总局.地表水和污水监测技术规范:HJ/T 91-2002[S].北京:中国环境出版社,2002.
[19]环境保护部.地表水自动监测技术规范:HJ 915-2017[S].北京:中国环境出版社,2017.
[20]胡迪峰,翁燕波,徐能斌.水环境应急快速监测QA/QC技术体系探讨[J].中国环境监测,2011,27(6):36-39.HU Difeng,WENG Yanbo,XU Nengbin.The Research of QA/QC Technology System of Emergency Monitoring in Water Environment[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2011,27(6):36-39.
[21]樊引琴,李玉洪,李婳,等.突发性水污染应急监测质量管理[J].环境研究与监测,2013(2):21-25.FAN Yinqin,LI Yuhong,LI Hua,et al.Quality Management of Emergency Monitoring of Sudden Water Pollution[J].Environmental Research and Monitoring,2013(2):21-25.
[22]国家环境保护总局水和废水监测分析方法编委会.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版增补版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[23]贺晶.浅谈环境应急监测质量管理体系的建设[J].安全与环境工程,2012,19(1):51-53.HE Jing.On the Construction of Quality Management System for Environmental Emergency Monitoring[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2012,19(1):51-53.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |