不同掺合料及掺量下铀尾矿水泥固化体力学性能及氡析出率测量实验研究
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摘要
铀尾矿水泥固化过程中,经常会遇到混合不均匀而导致强度较低、氡析出率高等问题。为了改善固化体的性能,在固化体中掺入一些其他固化材料,例如粒化高炉矿渣、粉煤灰和生石灰等。通过调整固化体中掺合料的种类、掺量和养护龄期,测试铀尾矿水泥固化体的饱和含水率、力学强度和氡析出率等性能。实验结果表明:单掺粒化高炉矿渣、粉煤灰和生石灰时,铀尾矿固化体7 d、14 d和28 d龄期抗压强度、抗拉强度和抗剪强度均有所提高;从力学性能考虑,效果最好的是养护28 d掺量为25%粒化高炉矿渣固化体,其饱和含水率也最低;掺量越大氡析出率越低,但是效果最好的是掺入25%的粒化高炉矿渣,其次是掺入25%的粉煤灰。该研究成果可为今后铀尾矿库退役治理提供理论参考和决策依据。
In the process of cement solidification of uranium tailings,uneven mixing often leads to low strength and high radon exhalation rate. In order to improve the properties of the solidified body,some other solidified materials such as granulated blast furnace slag,fly ash and quicklime were added into the solidified body. The saturated water content,mechanical strength and radon exhalation rate of uranium tailings cement solidified body were tested by adjusting the type,dosage and curing age of the admixtures in the solidified body. The experimental results showed that the compressive strength,tensile strength and shear strength of uranium tailings solidified body at 7 d,14 d and 28 d ages are improved with the separate addition of granulated blast furnace slag,fly ash and quicklime. According to the mechanical properties,it is the best to maintain the solidified body with 25% granulated blast furnace slag at 28 d,with lowest saturated water content;The higher the content of radon,the lower the radon exhalation rate,but the best performance is obtained by the addition of 25% granulated blast furnace slag,followed by 25% fly ash. The research results can provide theoretical reference and decision-making basis for the decommissioning treatment of uranium tailings reservoir in the future.
In the process of cement solidification of uranium tailings,uneven mixing often leads to low strength and high radon exhalation rate. In order to improve the properties of the solidified body,some other solidified materials such as granulated blast furnace slag,fly ash and quicklime were added into the solidified body. The saturated water content,mechanical strength and radon exhalation rate of uranium tailings cement solidified body were tested by adjusting the type,dosage and curing age of the admixtures in the solidified body. The experimental results showed that the compressive strength,tensile strength and shear strength of uranium tailings solidified body at 7 d,14 d and 28 d ages are improved with the separate addition of granulated blast furnace slag,fly ash and quicklime. According to the mechanical properties,it is the best to maintain the solidified body with 25% granulated blast furnace slag at 28 d,with lowest saturated water content;The higher the content of radon,the lower the radon exhalation rate,but the best performance is obtained by the addition of 25% granulated blast furnace slag,followed by 25% fly ash. The research results can provide theoretical reference and decision-making basis for the decommissioning treatment of uranium tailings reservoir in the future.
引文
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[14]马若云,张磊,郭秋菊.基于RAD7测氡仪的220Rn气体准确测量研究[J].原子能科学技术,2012,46(11):1397-1401.Ma Ruoyun,Zhang Lei,Guo Qiuju.Study on accurate measurement of220Rn activity concentration by using RAD7 radon monitor[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2012,46(11):1397-1401.
[15]李玉香,全明,易发成,等.水泥固化体中Cs+浸出行为研究[J].原子能科学技术,2011,45(3):282-287.Li Yuxiang,Quan Ming,Yi Facheng,et al.Leaching behavior of Cs+in cement solidified waste forms[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2011,45(3):282-287.
[16]Takriti S,Shweikani R,Ali A F,et al.The effect of sand/cement ratio on radon exhalation from cement specimens containing,ja:math[J].Radiation Measurements,2004,38(1):31-36.
[17]雷兴,张磊,郭秋菊.密闭腔体法准确测量建材氡析出率比较研究[J].辐射防护,2011,31(1):13-16.Lei Xing,Zhang Lei,Guo Qiuju.Comparison of closed chamber methods for accurate measurements of radon exhalation rates from building materials[J].Radiation Protection,2011,31(1):13-16.
[2]谭宏斌,马小玲,李玉香.掺合材料对硅酸盐水泥固化体滞留铀(Ⅵ)性能的影响[J].原子能科学技术,2006(5):539-543.Tan Hongbin,Ma Xiaoling,Li Yuxiang.Effect of blended materials on U(Ⅵ)retention characteristics for portland cement solidification product[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2006(5):539-543.
[3]施惠生,方泽锋.粉煤灰对水泥浆体早期水化和孔结构的影响[J].硅酸盐学报,2004(1):95-98.Shi Huisheng,Fang Zefeng.Influence of fly ash on early hydration and pore structure of cement pastes[J].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2004(1):95-98.
[4]宫保聚,CFG固化铅污染土强度特性和耐久性研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2017.Gong Baoju.Research on the Strength and Durability of CFG Solidified Soil Contaminated with Lead[D].Huainan:Anhui University of Science and Technology,2017.
[5]Buil M,Delage P.Some further evidence on a specific effect of silicafume on the pore structure of portland cement mortars[J].Cement&Concrete Research,1987,17(1):65-69.
[6]梁连东.湖南某铀尾矿库中铀的活性及其固定的实验研究[D].衡阳:南华大学,2014.Liang Liandong,Experimental Study of a Uranium Tailings in Hunan Uranium Activity[D].Hengyang:University of South China,2014.
[7]韩超.无机胶凝材料固化镉污染土力学及耐久性能研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2017.Han Chao.Study on Soil Mechanics and Durability of Cadmium Contaminated Soil by Inorganic Hardened Materials[D].Huhehaote:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2017.
[8]赵怀红,严生.大体积浇注碱矿渣水泥中低放废液固化研究[J].南京工业大学学报:自然科学版,2002(6):20-25.Zhao Huaihong,Yan Sheng.Study on the curing of low-level waste liquid in alkali slag cement poured by large volume[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Technology:Natural Science,2002(6):20-25.
[9]潘永,刘泽华,谭凯旋,等.铀尾矿氡析出率的测量探讨[J].现代矿业,2009(10):67-70.Pan Yong,Liu Zehua,Tan Kaixua,et al.Discussion on measurement of exhalation rate of radon from uanium tailing[J].Modern Mining,2009(10):67-70.
[10]高波,刘淑玲,王敏,等.危险废物水泥固化工艺的工程设计与探讨[J].环境工程,2010,28(3):95-98.Gao Bo,Liu Shuling,Wang Min,et al.Engineering design and discussion on cement solidification process of hazardous waste[J].Environmental Engineering,2010,28(3):95-98.
[11]周世宗,梁仕华,戴君.矿渣和粉煤灰固化南沙软土试验研究[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2015,13(4):76-79.Zhou Shizong,Liang Shihua,Dai Jun.Experimental research of nansha soft soil reinforced by slag and fly ash[J].Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,2015,13(4):76-79.
[12]Ahmed A.Compressive strength and microstructure of soft clay soil stabilized with recycled bassanite[J].Applied Clay Science,2015,104:27-35.
[13]刘振昊.平地型铀尾矿库氡大气扩散及环境效应研究[D].衡阳:南华大学,2012.Liu Zhenhao.Research of Atmospheric Diffusion of Radon Emanating from Flat Ground Uranium Tailings Impoundment and Environmental Effects[D].Hengyang:University of South China,2012.
[14]马若云,张磊,郭秋菊.基于RAD7测氡仪的220Rn气体准确测量研究[J].原子能科学技术,2012,46(11):1397-1401.Ma Ruoyun,Zhang Lei,Guo Qiuju.Study on accurate measurement of220Rn activity concentration by using RAD7 radon monitor[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2012,46(11):1397-1401.
[15]李玉香,全明,易发成,等.水泥固化体中Cs+浸出行为研究[J].原子能科学技术,2011,45(3):282-287.Li Yuxiang,Quan Ming,Yi Facheng,et al.Leaching behavior of Cs+in cement solidified waste forms[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2011,45(3):282-287.
[16]Takriti S,Shweikani R,Ali A F,et al.The effect of sand/cement ratio on radon exhalation from cement specimens containing,ja:math[J].Radiation Measurements,2004,38(1):31-36.
[17]雷兴,张磊,郭秋菊.密闭腔体法准确测量建材氡析出率比较研究[J].辐射防护,2011,31(1):13-16.Lei Xing,Zhang Lei,Guo Qiuju.Comparison of closed chamber methods for accurate measurements of radon exhalation rates from building materials[J].Radiation Protection,2011,31(1):13-16.
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