施用猪炭对土壤吸附Pb~(2+)的影响
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摘要
利用650℃高温炭化炉热裂解病死猪,制成生物质炭(猪炭);通过批处理恒温振荡平衡法探索施用不同质量分数(0,1%和5%)的猪炭对熟化红壤和新垦红壤吸附溶液中铅离子(Pb~(2+))的影响。结果表明:施用猪炭能显著提高土壤pH值和阳离子交换量(P<0.05);土壤对Pb~(2+)的吸附量随猪炭施用量的增加而增大,施用猪炭的熟化红壤吸附容量为12.71～14.49 mg·g~(-1),较未施加猪炭对照提高了12.2%～27.9%;施用猪炭的新垦红壤吸附容量为7.15～11.45mg·g~(-1),较未施加猪炭对照提高了39.7%～123.8%,说明对有机质质量分数较低的新垦红壤施加猪炭,土壤吸附Pb~(2+)性能的提高效果更明显。与未施猪炭的对照相比,施加质量分数为1%的猪炭时,熟化红壤和新垦红壤对Pb~(2+)吸附能力分别提高1.21倍和1.40倍,施加量为5%时,熟化红壤和新垦红壤对Pb~(2+)吸附能力分别提高1.28倍和2.24倍。由此认为猪炭有助于土壤对Pb~(2+)的吸附和固定,施用质量分数5%的猪炭能有效提高土壤对Pb~(2+)的吸附。图2表3参40
A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dead pig biochar(PB)on adsorption o lead ions(Pb~(2+))in two soils with contrasting properties.A batch equilibration method[(25±1)℃,180 r·min~(-1)24 h]was used to investigate the adsorption of Pb~(2+)on soils amended with biochar derived from dead pigs pyrolyzed at a peak temperature of 650℃.Two soils,including a vegetable garden soil with high organic matter content and an uncultivated soil with low organic matter content,which were adjacent in village in Lin’an,the experimental samples(0-20 cm)were chosen randomly,natural air drying and sifting,were treated with biochars mixed at three application rates(0,1%,and 5%,w/w),6 treatments in all,3 repetitions in each treatment,soils without biochar were taken as the control.ANOVA and LSD(least significant difference)were used to statistic analysis.Langmuir isotherms were used to describe the results of adsorption processes.Results showed that both soil pH and cation exchange capacity values significantly(P<0.05)increased with the biochar treatments.The Pb~(2+)adsorption capacity(Q_m)increased in both soils when they were amended with biochars,and significantly increased(P<0.05)with the increase of biochar dosage.In comparison to the control,Q_mvalues of the soil with high organic matter content ranged from 12.71 to 14.49 mg·g~(-1)and increased12.2%-27.9%;whereas,the Q_mvalues of the soil with low organic matter content ranged from 7.15 to 11.45mg·g~(-1)and increased 39.7%-123.8%.When 1%pig biochar was applied to soils,adsorption capacity of Pb~(2+)in the high organic matter content soil increased 1.21 times and in the low organic matter soil increased 1.40times;when 5%of pig biochar was applied in the two types of soils,the Q_mincreased 1.28 times in the high organic matter content soil and 2.24 times in the low organic matter soil.Therefore,pig biochar was a suitable adsorption material for Pb~(2+)immobilization in soils,particularly at the 5%application rate.[Ch,2 fig.3 tab40 ref.]
A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dead pig biochar(PB)on adsorption o lead ions(Pb~(2+))in two soils with contrasting properties.A batch equilibration method[(25±1)℃,180 r·min~(-1)24 h]was used to investigate the adsorption of Pb~(2+)on soils amended with biochar derived from dead pigs pyrolyzed at a peak temperature of 650℃.Two soils,including a vegetable garden soil with high organic matter content and an uncultivated soil with low organic matter content,which were adjacent in village in Lin’an,the experimental samples(0-20 cm)were chosen randomly,natural air drying and sifting,were treated with biochars mixed at three application rates(0,1%,and 5%,w/w),6 treatments in all,3 repetitions in each treatment,soils without biochar were taken as the control.ANOVA and LSD(least significant difference)were used to statistic analysis.Langmuir isotherms were used to describe the results of adsorption processes.Results showed that both soil pH and cation exchange capacity values significantly(P<0.05)increased with the biochar treatments.The Pb~(2+)adsorption capacity(Q_m)increased in both soils when they were amended with biochars,and significantly increased(P<0.05)with the increase of biochar dosage.In comparison to the control,Q_mvalues of the soil with high organic matter content ranged from 12.71 to 14.49 mg·g~(-1)and increased12.2%-27.9%;whereas,the Q_mvalues of the soil with low organic matter content ranged from 7.15 to 11.45mg·g~(-1)and increased 39.7%-123.8%.When 1%pig biochar was applied to soils,adsorption capacity of Pb~(2+)in the high organic matter content soil increased 1.21 times and in the low organic matter soil increased 1.40times;when 5%of pig biochar was applied in the two types of soils,the Q_mincreased 1.28 times in the high organic matter content soil and 2.24 times in the low organic matter soil.Therefore,pig biochar was a suitable adsorption material for Pb~(2+)immobilization in soils,particularly at the 5%application rate.[Ch,2 fig.3 tab40 ref.]
引文
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[2]赵其国,黄国勤,马艳芹.中国南方红壤生态系统面临的问题及对策[J].生态学报, 2013, 33(24):7615-7622.ZHAO Qiguo, HUANG Guoqin, MA Yanqin. The problems in red soil ecosystem in southern of China and its countermeasures[J]. Acta Ecol Sci, 2013, 33(24):7615-7622.
[3]陈世宝,华珞,白玲玉,等.有机质在土壤重金属污染治理中的应用[J].农业环境与发展, 1997, 53(3):26-29, 48.CHEN Shibao, HUA Luo, BAI Lingyu, et al. Application of organic matters in the improvement of soil polluted by heavy metals[J]. Agro-Environ Dev, 1997, 53(3):26-29, 48.
[4]李小平,刘洁,夏舒楠,等.我国城市土壤铅与儿童血铅空间分布格局[J].土壤通报, 2015, 46(1):226-232.LI Xiaoping, LIU Jie, XIA Shunan, et al. Spatial distribution pattern of lead in urban soil and in children’s blood,Chin[J]. Chin J Soil Sci, 2015, 46(1):226-232.
[5]夏星辉,陈静生.土壤重金属污染治理方法研究进展[J].环境科学, 1997, 18(3):72-76, 95.XIA Xinghui, CHEN Jingsheng. Advances in the study of remediation methods of heavy metal-contaminated soil[J].Chin J Environ Sci, 1997, 18(3):72-76, 95.
[6]徐东昱,周怀东,高博.生物炭吸附重金属污染物的研究进展[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报, 2016, 14(1):7-15.XU Dongyu, ZHOU Huaidong, GAO Bo. Review of sorption of heavy metal contaminant on biochar[J]. J Chin Ins Water Conserv Hydroelectric Sci, 2016, 14(1):7-15.
[7]刘少文,焦如珍,董玉红,等.土壤重金属污染的生物修复研究进展[J].林业科学, 2017, 53(5):146-155.LIU Shaowen, JIAO Ruzhen, DONG Yuhong, et al. Research progress in bioremediation of heavy-metal contaminated soil[J]. For Sci, 2017, 53(5):146-155.
[8]ZHANG Xiaokai, WANG Hailong, HE Lizhi, et al. Using biochar for remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants[J]. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 2013, 20(12):8472-8483.
[9]SOHI S P, KRULL E, LOPEZ-CAPEL E. A review of biochar and its use and function in soil[C]//SPARKS D L. Advances in Agronomy. London:Elsevier, 2010:47-82.
[10]NOVAK J M, BUSSCHER W J, LAIRD D L, et al. Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a southeastern coastal plain soil[J]. Soil Sci, 2009, 174(2):105-112.
[11]肖瑶,葛成军,张丽,等.木薯渣基生物质炭对水中Cd2+、 Cu2+的吸附行为研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016, 35(8):1587-1594.XIAO Yao, GE Chengjun, ZHANG Li, et al. Adsorption performance of Cd2+and Cu2+in aqueous solution by biochars prepared from manioc wastes[J]. J Agro-Environ Sci, 2016, 35(8):1587-1594.
[12]刘晶晶,杨兴,陆扣萍,等.生物质炭对土壤重金属形态转化及其有效性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015, 35(11):3679-3687.LIU Jingjing, YANG Xing, LU Kouping, et al. Effect of bamboo and rice straw biochars on the transformation and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil[J]. Acta Sci Circumstantiae, 2015, 35(11):3679-3687.
[13]林雪原,荆延德,巩晨,等.生物炭吸附重金属的研究进展[J].环境污染与防治, 2014, 36(5):83-87.LIN Xueyuan, JING Yande, GONG Chen, et al. Research progress on the sorption of heavy metals by biochar[J]. Environ Pollut Control, 2014, 36(5):83-87.
[14]郭茜,陆扣萍,胡国涛,等.死猪炭和竹炭对菜地土壤理化性质和蔬菜产量的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2017, 34(2):244-252.GUO Xi, LU Kouping, HU Guotao, et al. Greenhouse soil properties and vegetable yield with dead pig and bamboo biochars[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2017, 34(2):244-252.
[15]王秋月,杨兴,何丽芝,等.酸化猪炭对土壤中不同形态磷质量分数及相互转化的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报, 2018, 35(2):387-397.WANG Qiuyue, YANG Xing, HE Lizhi, et al. Concentration and fractionation of phosphorous in soils with acidulated pig biochar[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2018, 35(2):387-397.
[16]金姝兰,黄益宗,胡莹,等.骨炭、磷矿粉和生物调理剂对赣南稀土矿区土壤稀土元素淋溶的影响[J].环境科学学报, 2016, 36(10):3818-3825.JIN Shulan, HUANG Yizong, HU Ying, et al. Effects of bone char, phosphate rock and modifying agent on leaching of rare earth elements in soil[J]. J Environ Sci, 2016, 36(10):3818-3825.
[17]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社, 2000.
[18]International Biochar Initiative. Standardized product definition and product testing guidelines for biochar that is used in soil:2012[S/OL].[2018-10-22]. http://walkingpointfarms.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Guidelines_for_Biochar_That_Is_Used_in_Soil_Final.pdf.
[19]ASTM International. Standard practice for coding plastic manufactured articles for resin identification:2013[S/OL].https://www. astm.org/COMMIT/d7611.pdf.
[20]YUAN Jinhua, XU Renkou, ZHANG Hong. The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2011, 102(3):3488-3497.
[21]罗毅.地表水环境质量监测实用分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2009.
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