搅拌摩擦焊焊缝缺陷形态对超声相控阵检测的影响
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摘要
搅拌摩擦焊缺陷界面紧贴、细微、取向复杂,常用的检测方法在角度选择及缺陷判别上存在难点,超声相控阵可在单一探头上实现多角度聚焦扫查。以不同形态未焊透(LOP)和隧道孔作为研究对象,采用超声相控阵扇扫,研究了界面取向和曲率对检测的影响。结果表明:超声相控阵扇扫可不移动探头对未焊透和隧道孔进行精确识别;平直未焊透界面检测受界面取向及入射角的共同影响,信号强度与声束和界面偏离垂直的程度呈反比,弯曲未焊透界面检测受界面曲率影响,信号强度与曲率成反比,综合多角度检测得到的角度-幅值曲线可以判断未焊透界面是否弯曲。
The defects of friction stir welding(FSW) are close and usually have complicated orientations, the commonly used methods have some difficulties in the selection of the angle and the identifying of defects, phased array ultrasonic testing can realize multi-angle focusing scanning by a single probe. Different morphologies of lack of penetration(LOP)and tunnel holes are taken as the research object, ultrasonic phased array S-scan was used to study the effects of interface orientation and curvature on the detection. The results show that the ultrasonic phased array S-scan can accurately identify LOP and tunnel holes without moving the probe. The detection of the flat LOP interface is affected by the interface orientation and the incident angle, the signal intensity is inversely proportional to the degree of deviation of the vertical reflection of the ultrasonic beam. The signal intensity is inversely proportional to the curvature of the interface when the LOP interface is curving. The angle-amplitude curve obtained by multi-angle detection can determine whether the interface can be used to determine whether the interface is curved or not.
The defects of friction stir welding(FSW) are close and usually have complicated orientations, the commonly used methods have some difficulties in the selection of the angle and the identifying of defects, phased array ultrasonic testing can realize multi-angle focusing scanning by a single probe. Different morphologies of lack of penetration(LOP)and tunnel holes are taken as the research object, ultrasonic phased array S-scan was used to study the effects of interface orientation and curvature on the detection. The results show that the ultrasonic phased array S-scan can accurately identify LOP and tunnel holes without moving the probe. The detection of the flat LOP interface is affected by the interface orientation and the incident angle, the signal intensity is inversely proportional to the degree of deviation of the vertical reflection of the ultrasonic beam. The signal intensity is inversely proportional to the curvature of the interface when the LOP interface is curving. The angle-amplitude curve obtained by multi-angle detection can determine whether the interface can be used to determine whether the interface is curved or not.
引文
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[19]LAMARRE A,DUPUISO O,MOLES M.Complete inspection of friction stir welds in aluminum using ultrasonic and eddy current arrays[J].CINDE Journal,2006,27(4):14-16.
[20]余亮,陈玉华,黄春平,柯黎明.搅拌摩擦焊焊缝缺陷的超声相控阵检测技术[J].焊接学报,2014,35(1):21-24.YU Liang,CHEN Yu-hua,HUANG Chun-ping,KE Li-ming.Ultrasonic phased array detection of friction stir welding defects[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2014,35(1):21-24.
[21]GAO X R,JIANG Q Y,PENG C Y,Li JY.Application of water immersion ultrasonic phased array technology in wheel rim inspection[J].Advanced Materials Research,2012,468:733-737.
[22]王常玺,刚铁,于朋,冯伟,王龙.一种铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的超声快速检测方法[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(2):7-13.WANG Chang-xi,YU Peng,FENG Wei,WANG Long.An ultrasonic rapid detection method for the friction stir welding of aluminum alloy sheet[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(2):7-13.
[23]柯黎明,潘际銮,邢丽,王善林.搅拌摩擦焊焊缝金属塑性流动的抽吸-挤压理论[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(4):89-94.KE Li-ming,PAN Ji-luan,XING Li,WANG Shan-lin.Sucking-extruding theory for the material flow in friction stir welding[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2009,45(4):89-94.
[2]KINCHEN D G,ALDAHIR E.NDE of friction stir welds in aerospace applications[R].New Orleans:Lockheed Martin Michoud Space Systems,2002:1-7.
[3]徐国富,段雨露,钱健,唐磊,邓英,尹志民.Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr合金搅拌摩擦焊接头显微组织、力学性能及腐蚀性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(2):225-233.XU Guo-fu,DUAN Yu-lu,QIAN Jian,TANG Lei,DENGYing,YIN Zhi-min.Microstructure,Mechanical properties and corrosion behaviors of Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy friction stir welded joints[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2017,27(2):225-233.
[4]刘会杰,李金全,段卫军.静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊的研究进[J].焊接学报,2012,33(5):18-22.LIU Hui-jie,LI Jin-quan,DUAN Wei-jun.Progress in the stationary shoulder friction stir welding[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2012,33(5):18-22.
[5]赵雪梅.铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头超声信号特征与质量评价方法[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.ZHAO Xue-mei.Ultrasonic signal features and quality evaluation method of friction stir welded joint of aluminum alloy[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2010.
[6]KHAN N Z,KHAN Z A,SIDDIQUEE A N,AL-AHMARI AM,ABIDI M H.Analysis of defects in clean fabrication process of friction stir welding[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2017,27(7):1507-1516.
[7]BIRD C.Quality control of friction stir welds by the application of non-destructive testing[C]//4th International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding.Part City,Utah,USA,2003.
[8]VUGRIN T,STANIEK G,HILLIGER W,DONNEL C.Nondestructive detection of flaws in FSW and their metallographic characterization[C]//5th International Friction Stir Welding Conference.Metz France,2004:1-14.
[9]TABATABAEIPOUR M,HETTLER J,DELRUE S,van den ABEELE K.Nondestructive ultrasonic inspection of friction stir welds[J].Physics Procedia,2015,8(71):660-663.
[10]孟永乐.搅拌摩擦焊缺陷的无损检测技术研究[D].南昌:南昌航空大学,2011.MENG Yong-le.Research on non-destructive testing technology of friction stir welding defects[D].Nanchang:Nanchang Hangkong University,2011.
[11]LEE J R,TAKATSUBO J,TOYAMA N,KANG D H.Health monitoring of complex curved structures using an ultrasonic wave field propagation imaging system[J].Measurement Science and Technology,2007,18(12):3816-3825.
[12]胡宏伟,彭凌兴,周正干,李雄兵,孙广开.曲面构件水浸超声检测缺陷定量研究[J].航空学报,2014,35(11):3166-3173.HU Hong-wei,PENG Ling-xing,ZHOU Zheng-gan,LIXiong-bing,SUN Guang-kai.Quantitative research on defect of curved components with immersion ultrasonic testing[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2014,35(11):3166-3173.
[13]杨岳,戴万林,李雄兵,倪培君,乔日东.镁合金壳体内部缺陷的精确超声定量方法[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(10):2666-2671.YANG Yue,DAI Wan-lin,LI Xiong-bin,NI Pei-jun,QIAORi-dong.Accurate ultrasonic quantitative method for internal defects of magnesium alloy shell[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(10):2666-2671.
[14]刘松平,刘菲菲,李乐刚,郭恩明,王瑞川.搅拌摩擦焊缝变入射角超声检测方法研究[J].无损检测,2006,28(5):225-228.LIU Song-ping,LIU Fei-fei,LI Le-gang,GUO En-ming,WANG Rui-chuan.Ultrasonic detection method of variable angle of incidence in friction stir welding[J].Nondestructive Testing,2006,28(5):225-228.
[15]LAFONTAINE G,CANCRE F.Potential of ultrasonic phased arrays for faster,better and cheaper inspections[EB/OL].[2014-03-10].http://www.ndt.net/article/v05n10/lafont2/lafont2.htm.
[16]苗玲玉,李衍.钢结构件焊接接头超声相控阵实际探伤条件的研讨[J].无损检测,2011,35(3):2-6.MIAO Ling-yu,LI Yan.Research on the actual test conditions of ultrasonic phased array for welded joints of steel structures[J].Nondestructive Testing,2011,35(3):2-6.
[17]王伏喜,周晓峰,鄂楠,李斌.超声波相控阵检测技术在钛合金厚板焊缝中的应用[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(S1):964-966.WANG Fu-xi,ZHOU Xiao-feng,E Nan,LI Bin.Application of ultrasonic phased array technology in titanium alloy thick plate welds[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(S1):s964-s966.
[18]POPOVYCH O V,KARPASH O M,KARPASH M O.Procedure of choosing of phased array transducers for the determination of the sizes and shapes of defects[J].Materials Science,2016,52(3):438-445.
[19]LAMARRE A,DUPUISO O,MOLES M.Complete inspection of friction stir welds in aluminum using ultrasonic and eddy current arrays[J].CINDE Journal,2006,27(4):14-16.
[20]余亮,陈玉华,黄春平,柯黎明.搅拌摩擦焊焊缝缺陷的超声相控阵检测技术[J].焊接学报,2014,35(1):21-24.YU Liang,CHEN Yu-hua,HUANG Chun-ping,KE Li-ming.Ultrasonic phased array detection of friction stir welding defects[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2014,35(1):21-24.
[21]GAO X R,JIANG Q Y,PENG C Y,Li JY.Application of water immersion ultrasonic phased array technology in wheel rim inspection[J].Advanced Materials Research,2012,468:733-737.
[22]王常玺,刚铁,于朋,冯伟,王龙.一种铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的超声快速检测方法[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(2):7-13.WANG Chang-xi,YU Peng,FENG Wei,WANG Long.An ultrasonic rapid detection method for the friction stir welding of aluminum alloy sheet[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(2):7-13.
[23]柯黎明,潘际銮,邢丽,王善林.搅拌摩擦焊焊缝金属塑性流动的抽吸-挤压理论[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(4):89-94.KE Li-ming,PAN Ji-luan,XING Li,WANG Shan-lin.Sucking-extruding theory for the material flow in friction stir welding[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2009,45(4):89-94.
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