高原型藏羊和小尾寒羊睾丸小叶及附睾微动脉的解剖学特征
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摘要
分别从青海和甘肃采集高原型藏羊(Ovis aries)和小尾寒羊睾丸各20枚,用血管铸型技术和扫描电镜方法,研究两品种绵羊睾丸小叶及附睾微动脉的超微形态特征。结果显示,两品种绵羊的睾丸小叶及附睾微动脉走形呈一定程度的弯曲,其中睾丸小叶内离心动脉、离心小动脉及向心小动脉均呈"树枝"状分布。研究发现,与低海拔地区的小尾寒羊相比,高原型藏羊睾丸的绳结状动脉具有更密集的螺旋状排布,小动脉分支也较多,并且向心动脉、绳结状动脉、离心动脉、附睾头微动脉的管径也较粗。此外,高原型藏羊睾丸小叶和附睾头微动脉表面的"梭形"压痕较浅,而小尾寒羊的则较深;高原型藏羊睾丸小叶毛细血管前微动脉的表面缢痕较多且密集,而小尾寒羊的则相对少而稀疏。研究认为,高原型藏羊睾丸小叶及附睾微动脉的超微形态特征,有利于血管的收缩、睾丸供血及高原环境下精子的成熟,是睾丸对高原环境的适应性特征。
Tibetan sheep live in high altitude areas and possess good adaptability to high-altitude hypoxia. As the critical organs of spermatogenesis and sperm transportation, testicles are extremely sensitive to environment. The testicular and epididymal arterioles are regulated by the autonomic nervous system and control the blood flow in the entire microcirculation duct. Here, twenty testes of Tibetan sheep and Small-Tailed Han sheep were collected from their living areas including Qinghai and Gansu, respectively. The morphological characteristics of arterioles in testicular lobule and epididymides were investigated by using the blood perfusion technology and scanning electron microscopic method. The results demonstrated that arterioles of testicular lobule and epididymis exhibited a degree of curvature, and small arteries from the centripetal and centrifugal parts showed "dendritic" distribution(Fig. 1). It was found that spiral of knot-like artery in Tibetan sheep showed tighter and more branches of small arteries than that in Small-Tailed Han sheep. The diameters of centripetal, Knot-like, centrifugal arteries and caput epididymal artery in Tibetan sheep were larger than those of Small-Tailed Han sheep(Table 1). Moreover, there were shallow imprints of the smooth muscles on the surface of testicular lobule and caput epididymis casts, but those in Small-Tailed Han sheep were deeper. Meanwhile there were more and intense precapillary constrictions in testicular lobule than those in Small-Tailed Han sheep(Fig. 2). The study suggested that the arteriole of testicular lobule and epididymis in Tibetan sheep contribute to vasoconstriction and sperm maturation, which became important anatomical characteristics for their adaptation to the plateau environment.
Tibetan sheep live in high altitude areas and possess good adaptability to high-altitude hypoxia. As the critical organs of spermatogenesis and sperm transportation, testicles are extremely sensitive to environment. The testicular and epididymal arterioles are regulated by the autonomic nervous system and control the blood flow in the entire microcirculation duct. Here, twenty testes of Tibetan sheep and Small-Tailed Han sheep were collected from their living areas including Qinghai and Gansu, respectively. The morphological characteristics of arterioles in testicular lobule and epididymides were investigated by using the blood perfusion technology and scanning electron microscopic method. The results demonstrated that arterioles of testicular lobule and epididymis exhibited a degree of curvature, and small arteries from the centripetal and centrifugal parts showed "dendritic" distribution(Fig. 1). It was found that spiral of knot-like artery in Tibetan sheep showed tighter and more branches of small arteries than that in Small-Tailed Han sheep. The diameters of centripetal, Knot-like, centrifugal arteries and caput epididymal artery in Tibetan sheep were larger than those of Small-Tailed Han sheep(Table 1). Moreover, there were shallow imprints of the smooth muscles on the surface of testicular lobule and caput epididymis casts, but those in Small-Tailed Han sheep were deeper. Meanwhile there were more and intense precapillary constrictions in testicular lobule than those in Small-Tailed Han sheep(Fig. 2). The study suggested that the arteriole of testicular lobule and epididymis in Tibetan sheep contribute to vasoconstriction and sperm maturation, which became important anatomical characteristics for their adaptation to the plateau environment.
引文
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Junior F A B,Junior C K,Favaro P D C,et al.2018.Effect of breed on testicular blood flow dynamics in bulls.Theriogenology,118:16-21.
Mostafa T,Labib I,El-Khayat Y,et al.2008.Human testicular arterial supply:gross anatomy,corrosion cast,and radiologic study.Fertility and Sterility,90(6):2226-2230.
Polguj M,Jedrzejewski K S,Bolanowski W.2008.Comparison of the blood vessel complexes of the human and bovine male gonads.Folia Morphologiica,67(3):179-185.
Polguj M,Wysiadecki G,Podgorski M,et al.2015.Morphological variations of intra-testicular arterial vasculature in bovine testis--a corrosion casting study.BMC Veterinary Research,11(1):263.
Rizzoto G,Hall C,Tyberg J V,et al.2018.Increased testicular blood flow maintains oxygen delivery and avoids testicular hypoxia in response to reduced oxygen content in inspired air.Scientific Reports,8(1):10905.
Shevantaeva O N,Kosyuga Y I.2006.Effect of acute hypobaric hypoxia on spermatogenesis and lactate concentration in testicular tissue of male albino rats.Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine,141(1):20-22.
Shi Y,Hu Y,Wang J,et al.2018.Genetic diversities of MT-ND1 and MT-ND2 genes are associated with high-altitude adaptation in yak.DNA Mapping,Sequencing,and Analysis,29(3):485-494.
狄柯坪.2004.内皮细胞对微循环血流的影响.白求恩军医学院学报,(2):94-96.
董传豪,饶开晴,徐亚欧,等.2015.高原动物的低氧适应性研究进展.黑龙江畜牧兽医,(17):57-60.
国家畜禽遗传资源委员会组.2011.中国畜禽遗传资源志:羊志.北京:中国农业出版社,24-25.
贺延玉.2007.犊牦牛和成年牦牛心脏微血管构筑的研究.甘肃:甘肃农业大学硕士学位论文,30-36.
贾荣莉.1996.不同海拔高度绵羊肺部血管的比较观察.黑龙江畜牧兽医,(12):16-18.
贾荣莉.1997.高原藏羊肺组织学结构及特点.中国兽医科技,(2):43-44.
康友敏,李健,张健,等.2002.哺乳动物睾丸微血管构筑的研究进展.解剖科学进展,8(2):179-182.
李继承,曾园山.2018.组织学与胚胎学.9版.北京:人民卫生出版社.
李梦真.2017.青藏高原动物对环境的适应机制研究进展.青海科技,24(3):56-59.
李萍.2014.血管内皮细胞病理生理作用的研究进展.微循环学杂志,24(4):1-7.
孙英,袁莉刚,赵海涛.2011.成年高原藏羊睾丸小叶内微血管分布和形态特征.解剖学报,42(1):114-118.
王欣荣,吴建平.2013.藏羊脑动脉系统结构特征与高原适应性研究.家畜生态学报,34(8):36-40.
王欣荣,杨雅楠,梁翕,等.2018.成年与幼年高原型藏绵羊性腺动脉血管构筑比较.动物学杂志,53(1):69-74.
魏青.2007.不同发育阶段高原牦牛和平原黄牛肺泡显微结构的研究.青海:青海大学硕士学位论文,24-30.
温进坤,石缨.1996.血管平滑肌细胞增殖调控机理的研究进展.生理科学进展,(2):149-152.
俞红贤.2000.高原低氧与家畜.青海畜牧兽医杂志,(2):41-42.
张海瑾.2018.青海欧拉型藏羊发展存在的问题与对策.养殖与饲料,(7):112-113.11.
Junior F A B,Junior C K,Favaro P D C,et al.2018.Effect of breed on testicular blood flow dynamics in bulls.Theriogenology,118:16-21.
Mostafa T,Labib I,El-Khayat Y,et al.2008.Human testicular arterial supply:gross anatomy,corrosion cast,and radiologic study.Fertility and Sterility,90(6):2226-2230.
Polguj M,Jedrzejewski K S,Bolanowski W.2008.Comparison of the blood vessel complexes of the human and bovine male gonads.Folia Morphologiica,67(3):179-185.
Polguj M,Wysiadecki G,Podgorski M,et al.2015.Morphological variations of intra-testicular arterial vasculature in bovine testis--a corrosion casting study.BMC Veterinary Research,11(1):263.
Rizzoto G,Hall C,Tyberg J V,et al.2018.Increased testicular blood flow maintains oxygen delivery and avoids testicular hypoxia in response to reduced oxygen content in inspired air.Scientific Reports,8(1):10905.
Shevantaeva O N,Kosyuga Y I.2006.Effect of acute hypobaric hypoxia on spermatogenesis and lactate concentration in testicular tissue of male albino rats.Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine,141(1):20-22.
Shi Y,Hu Y,Wang J,et al.2018.Genetic diversities of MT-ND1 and MT-ND2 genes are associated with high-altitude adaptation in yak.DNA Mapping,Sequencing,and Analysis,29(3):485-494.
狄柯坪.2004.内皮细胞对微循环血流的影响.白求恩军医学院学报,(2):94-96.
董传豪,饶开晴,徐亚欧,等.2015.高原动物的低氧适应性研究进展.黑龙江畜牧兽医,(17):57-60.
国家畜禽遗传资源委员会组.2011.中国畜禽遗传资源志:羊志.北京:中国农业出版社,24-25.
贺延玉.2007.犊牦牛和成年牦牛心脏微血管构筑的研究.甘肃:甘肃农业大学硕士学位论文,30-36.
贾荣莉.1996.不同海拔高度绵羊肺部血管的比较观察.黑龙江畜牧兽医,(12):16-18.
贾荣莉.1997.高原藏羊肺组织学结构及特点.中国兽医科技,(2):43-44.
康友敏,李健,张健,等.2002.哺乳动物睾丸微血管构筑的研究进展.解剖科学进展,8(2):179-182.
李继承,曾园山.2018.组织学与胚胎学.9版.北京:人民卫生出版社.
李梦真.2017.青藏高原动物对环境的适应机制研究进展.青海科技,24(3):56-59.
李萍.2014.血管内皮细胞病理生理作用的研究进展.微循环学杂志,24(4):1-7.
孙英,袁莉刚,赵海涛.2011.成年高原藏羊睾丸小叶内微血管分布和形态特征.解剖学报,42(1):114-118.
王欣荣,吴建平.2013.藏羊脑动脉系统结构特征与高原适应性研究.家畜生态学报,34(8):36-40.
王欣荣,杨雅楠,梁翕,等.2018.成年与幼年高原型藏绵羊性腺动脉血管构筑比较.动物学杂志,53(1):69-74.
魏青.2007.不同发育阶段高原牦牛和平原黄牛肺泡显微结构的研究.青海:青海大学硕士学位论文,24-30.
温进坤,石缨.1996.血管平滑肌细胞增殖调控机理的研究进展.生理科学进展,(2):149-152.
俞红贤.2000.高原低氧与家畜.青海畜牧兽医杂志,(2):41-42.
张海瑾.2018.青海欧拉型藏羊发展存在的问题与对策.养殖与饲料,(7):112-113.11.
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