多时相InSAR技术及其在滑坡监测中的关键问题分析
|
摘要
多时相InSAR(Multi-Temporal InSAR,MT-InSAR)技术可以提取毫米级、大范围的地表形变结果,因此在滑坡监测领域引起国内外的研究热潮。但是,由于滑坡所处地理环境的特殊性,如地形崎岖起伏,植被覆盖率高,大气环境复杂多变等,使得InSAR观测值中的固源误差相比城市地区更加难以消除。该文首先针对MT-InSAR在滑坡监测中的关键技术(即相干点目标选取、形变参数估计和大气误差改正),阐述了目前国际上的主流方法,并对比和分析了它们在滑坡监测中的优劣势和适用条件;进而总结了目前MT-InSAR在滑坡监测中面临的主要挑战,包括由山区地形导致的几何畸变、植被覆盖引发的失相关和无法监测真实三维形变等;最后指出MT-InSAR在滑坡监测领域的未来发展方向,包括面向滑坡监测的MT-InSAR技术、星载和地基MT-InSAR联合监测以及建立MT-InSAR形变监测与滑坡触发因子之间的时空响应模式。
Multi-temporal InSAR(MT-InSAR) techniques had been widely exploited in the investigation of landslides due to their unique abilities in the monitoring of ground deformations with millimeter precision and large scale.However,since the slopes are generally located in the environments with steep terrain,heavy vegetation and complicated atmosphere,it is very difficult to mitigate the inherit errors in the InSAR measurements.The key techniques of MT-InSAR for the monitoring of landslides are coherent point selection,deformation parameter estimation and atmospheric artifact correction.In this paper,the current classical methods for these key techniques are firstly introduced and compared in the view of their advantages and applicability in the monitoring of landslides.Then,the main challenges of MT-InSAR are summarized for the monitoring of landslides,including geometric distortion induced by topographic relief,decorrelation associated with vegetation cover and unavailability of three-dimension deformations.Finally,the future developments of MT-InSAR are provided for the monitoring of landslides,such as MT-InSAR algorithms against landslide monitoring,combination of spaceborne and ground-based MT-InSAR,and establishment of spatio-temporal response model between MT-InSAR observations and landslide triggers.
Multi-temporal InSAR(MT-InSAR) techniques had been widely exploited in the investigation of landslides due to their unique abilities in the monitoring of ground deformations with millimeter precision and large scale.However,since the slopes are generally located in the environments with steep terrain,heavy vegetation and complicated atmosphere,it is very difficult to mitigate the inherit errors in the InSAR measurements.The key techniques of MT-InSAR for the monitoring of landslides are coherent point selection,deformation parameter estimation and atmospheric artifact correction.In this paper,the current classical methods for these key techniques are firstly introduced and compared in the view of their advantages and applicability in the monitoring of landslides.Then,the main challenges of MT-InSAR are summarized for the monitoring of landslides,including geometric distortion induced by topographic relief,decorrelation associated with vegetation cover and unavailability of three-dimension deformations.Finally,the future developments of MT-InSAR are provided for the monitoring of landslides,such as MT-InSAR algorithms against landslide monitoring,combination of spaceborne and ground-based MT-InSAR,and establishment of spatio-temporal response model between MT-InSAR observations and landslide triggers.
引文
[1] 吴立新,高均海,葛大庆,等.基于D-InSAR的煤矿区开采沉陷遥感监测技术分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2004,20(2):22-25.
[2] 陈蓓蓓,宫辉力,李小娟,等.基于InSAR技术北京地区地面沉降监测与风险分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2011,27(2):16-20.
[3] 朱锋,宫辉力,李小娟,等.基于InSAR和小波变换的不均匀沉降段识别——以京津高铁北京段为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2014,30(1):23-27.
[4] 颉晋荣,宫辉力,陈蓓蓓,等.基于PSInSAR技术和云模型的地面沉降稳定性分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2015,31(2):49-53.
[5] ROTT H,NAGLER T,ROCCA F,et al.MUSCL—Monitoring Urban Subsidence,Cavities and Landslides by Remote Sensing[R].Institute for Meteorology and Geophysics,University of Innsbruck,Austria,2002.
[6] BERARDINO P,COSTANTINI M,FRANCESCHETTI G.Use of differential SAR interferometry in monitoring and modelling large slope instability at Maratea (Basilicata,Italy)[J].Engineering Geology,2003,68:31-51.
[7] HILLEY G E,BURGMANN R,FERRETTI A,et al.Dynamics of slow-moving landslides from permanent scatterer analysis[J].Science,2004,304(5679):1952-1955.
[8] XIA Y,KAUFMANN H,GUO X F.Landslide monitoring in the Three Gorges area using D-InSAR and corner reflectors[J].Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing,2004,70(10):1167-1172.
[9] 敖萌,张勤,赵超英,等.改进的CR-InSAR技术用于四川甲居滑坡形变监测[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2017,42(3):377-383.
[10] SUN Q,ZHANG L,DING X L,et al.Slope deformation prior to Zhouqu,China landslide from InSAR time series analysis[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2015,156:45-57.
[11] 黄佳璇.基于PSInSAR蠕动型滑坡动态监测及区域稳定性分析[D].北京:北京科技大学,2018.
[12] 程海琴,陈强,刘国祥,等.短基线InSAR探测龙门山主断裂带两侧震后雨期的滑坡空间分布特征[J].测绘学报,2014,43(9):931-938.
[13] HANSSEN R F.Interferometry:Data Interpretation and Error Analysis[M].Springer,2001.
[14] BERARDINO P,FORNARO G,LANARI R,et al.A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2002,40(11):2375-2383.
[15] MORA O,MALLORQUI J J,BROQUETAS A.Linear and nonlinear terrain deformation maps from a reduced set of interferometric SAR images[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2003,41(10):2243-2253.
[16] USAI S.A least squares database approach for SAR interferometric data[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2003,41(4):753-760.
[17] FERRETTI A,PRATI C,ROCCA F.Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2001,39(1):8-20.
[18] HOOPER A,ZEBKER H,SEGALL P,et al.A new method for measuring deformation on volcanoes and other natural terrains using InSAR persistent scatterers[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(23):1-5.
[19] HOOPER A.A multi-temporal InSAR method incorporating both persistent scatterer and small baseline approaches[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2008,35:1-12.
[20] ZHANG L,LU Z,DING X L,et al.Mapping ground surface deformation using temporarily coherent point SAR interferometry:Application to Los Angeles Basin[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2012,117:429-439.
[21] ZHANG L,SUN Q,HU J.Potential of TCPInSAR in monitoring linear infrastructure with a small dataset of SAR images:Application of the Donghai Bridge,China[J].Applied Sciences,2018,8(3):425.
[22] BAMLER R,HARTL P.Synthetic aperture radar interferometry[J].Inverse Problem,1998,14(4):R1-R54.
[23] ZENG Z,WANG Y,CHEN D Z,et al.Identifying potential landslide site using InSAR and SBAS techniques[A].EUSAR 2108,12th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar[C].2018.487-490.
[24] KAMPES B M.Radar Interferometry:Persistent Scatterer Technique[M].Springer,2006.
[25] 夏耶.地面沉降与山体滑坡的星载合成孔径雷达差分干涉监测方法及其工程应用[R].第二届全国地面沉降学术研讨会,2006.
[26] FERRETTI A,PRATI C,ROCCA F.Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2000,38(5):2202-2212.
[27] KAMPES B M,HANSSEN R F.Ambiguity resolution for permanent scatterer interferometry[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2004,42(11):2446-2453.
[28] HOOPER A,ZEBKER H.Phase unwrapping in three dimensions with application to InSAR time series[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America,2007,24(9):2737-2747.
[29] CHEN C W.Statistical-Cost Network-Flow Approaches to Two-Dimensional Phase Unwrapping for Radar Interferometry[D].America:Stanford University,2001.
[30] CHEN C W,ZEBKER H A.Network approaches to two-dimensional phase unwrapping:Intractability and two new algorithms[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America A,2000,17(3):401-414.
[31] ZHANG L,DING X L,LU Z.Ground settlement monitoring based on temporarily coherent points between two SAR acquisitions[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2011,66(1):146-152.
[32] REMY D,BONVALOT S,BRIOLE P,et al.Accurate measurements of tropospheric effects in volcanic areas from SAR interferometry data:Application to Sakurajima Volcano (Japan)[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003,213(3):299-310.
[33] BIGGS J,WRIGHT T,LU Z,et al.Multi-interferogram method for measuring interseismic deformation:Denali fault,Alaska[J].Geophysical Journal International,2007,170(3):1165-1179.
[34] LI Z W,DING X L,LIU G X.Modeling atmospheric effects on InSAR with meteorological and continuous GPS observations:Algorithms and some test results[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,2004,66(11):907-917.
[35] LI Z H,FIELDING E J,CROSS P,et al.Advanced InSAR atmospheric correction:MERIS/MODIS combination and stacked water vapour models[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2009,30(13):3343-3363.
[36] BARNHART W D,LOHMAN R B.Characterizing and estimating noise in InSAR and InSAR time series with MODIS[J].Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,2013,14(10):4121-4132.
[37] PUYSSEGURE B,MICHEL R,AVOUAC J P.Tropospheric phase delay in interferometric synthetic aperture radar estimated from meteorological model and multispectral imagery[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2007,112(B5):1-12.
[38] LIN Y N,SIMONS M,HETLAND E A,et al.A multiscale approach to estimating topographically correlated propagation delays in radar interferograms[J].Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,2010,11(9):1-17.
[39] KROPATSCH W G,STROBL D.The generation of SAR layover and shadow maps from digital elevation models[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1990,28(1):98-107.
[40] COLESANTI C,WASOWSKI J.Investigating landslides with space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry[J].Engineering Geology,2006,88(3):173-199.
[41] SUN Q,HU J,ZHANG L,et al.Towards slow-moving landslide monitoring by integrating multi-sensor InSAR time series datasets:The Zhouqu case study,China[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(11):908.
[42] ZEBKER H A,VILLASENOR J.Decorrelation in interferometric radar echoes[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1992,30(5):950-959.
[43] BOVENGA F,WASOWSKI J,NITTI D O,et al.Using COSMO/SkyMed X-band and ENVISAT C-band SAR interferometry for landslides analysis[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2012,119:272-285.
[44] CALO F,ARDIZZONE F,CASTALDO R,et al.Enhanced landslide investigations through advanced DInSAR techniques:The Ivancich case study,Assisi,Italy[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2014,142:69-82.
[45] HU J,LI Z W,DING X L,et al.Resolving three-dimensional surface displacements from InSAR measurements:A review[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2014,133:1-17.
[46] HERRERA G,GUTIéRREZ F,GARCíA-DAVALILLO J C,et al.Multi-sensor advanced DInSAR monitoring of very slow landslides:The Tena Valley case study (Central Spanish Pyrenees)[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2013,128:31-43.
[47] 孙倩.多基线、多时相和多平台InSAR滑坡监测研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2018,34(1):127.
[48] RAUCOULES D,DE MICHELE M,MALET J P,et al.Time-variable 3D ground displacements from high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR):Application to La Valette landslide (South French Alps)[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2013,139:198-204.
[49] HE L M,WU L X,LIU S J,et al.Mapping two-dimensional deformation field time series of large slope by coupling DInSAR-SBAS with MAI-SBAS[J].Remote Sensing,2015,7:12440-12458.
[50] SINGLETON A,LI Z,HOEY T,et al.Evaluating sub-pixel offset techniques as an alternative to D-InSAR for monitoring episodic landslide movements in vegetated terrain[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2014,147:133-144.
[51] NOVELLIS V,CASTALDO R,LOLLINO P,et al.Modeling of a slow landslide through the exploitation of DInSAR measurements and in situ survey[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(8):670.
[52] GISCHIG V,LOEW S,KOS A,et al.Identification of active release planes using ground-based differential InSAR at the Randa rock slope instability,Switzerland[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Science,2009,9(6):2027-2038.
[53] BOZZANO F,CIPRIANI I,MAZZANTI P,et al.Displacement patterns of a landslide affected by human activities:Insights from ground-based InSAR monitoring[J].Natural Hazards,2011,59(3):1377-1396.
[54] 邹进贵,李琴,朱勇超,等.时序地基SAR子影像集监测地震滑坡灾害研究[J].测绘通报,2015(S0):152-156.
[55] 刘斌,葛大庆,张玲,等.地基雷达干涉测量技术在滑坡灾后稳定性评估中的应用[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2016,36 (8):674-677.
[56] BARDI F,RASPINI F,FRODELLA W,et al.Monitoring the rapid-moving reactivation of earth flows by means of GB-InSAR:The April 2013 Capriglio Landslide (Northern Appennines,Italy)[J].Remote Sensing,2017,9(2):165.
[2] 陈蓓蓓,宫辉力,李小娟,等.基于InSAR技术北京地区地面沉降监测与风险分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2011,27(2):16-20.
[3] 朱锋,宫辉力,李小娟,等.基于InSAR和小波变换的不均匀沉降段识别——以京津高铁北京段为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2014,30(1):23-27.
[4] 颉晋荣,宫辉力,陈蓓蓓,等.基于PSInSAR技术和云模型的地面沉降稳定性分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2015,31(2):49-53.
[5] ROTT H,NAGLER T,ROCCA F,et al.MUSCL—Monitoring Urban Subsidence,Cavities and Landslides by Remote Sensing[R].Institute for Meteorology and Geophysics,University of Innsbruck,Austria,2002.
[6] BERARDINO P,COSTANTINI M,FRANCESCHETTI G.Use of differential SAR interferometry in monitoring and modelling large slope instability at Maratea (Basilicata,Italy)[J].Engineering Geology,2003,68:31-51.
[7] HILLEY G E,BURGMANN R,FERRETTI A,et al.Dynamics of slow-moving landslides from permanent scatterer analysis[J].Science,2004,304(5679):1952-1955.
[8] XIA Y,KAUFMANN H,GUO X F.Landslide monitoring in the Three Gorges area using D-InSAR and corner reflectors[J].Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing,2004,70(10):1167-1172.
[9] 敖萌,张勤,赵超英,等.改进的CR-InSAR技术用于四川甲居滑坡形变监测[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2017,42(3):377-383.
[10] SUN Q,ZHANG L,DING X L,et al.Slope deformation prior to Zhouqu,China landslide from InSAR time series analysis[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2015,156:45-57.
[11] 黄佳璇.基于PSInSAR蠕动型滑坡动态监测及区域稳定性分析[D].北京:北京科技大学,2018.
[12] 程海琴,陈强,刘国祥,等.短基线InSAR探测龙门山主断裂带两侧震后雨期的滑坡空间分布特征[J].测绘学报,2014,43(9):931-938.
[13] HANSSEN R F.Interferometry:Data Interpretation and Error Analysis[M].Springer,2001.
[14] BERARDINO P,FORNARO G,LANARI R,et al.A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2002,40(11):2375-2383.
[15] MORA O,MALLORQUI J J,BROQUETAS A.Linear and nonlinear terrain deformation maps from a reduced set of interferometric SAR images[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2003,41(10):2243-2253.
[16] USAI S.A least squares database approach for SAR interferometric data[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2003,41(4):753-760.
[17] FERRETTI A,PRATI C,ROCCA F.Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2001,39(1):8-20.
[18] HOOPER A,ZEBKER H,SEGALL P,et al.A new method for measuring deformation on volcanoes and other natural terrains using InSAR persistent scatterers[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(23):1-5.
[19] HOOPER A.A multi-temporal InSAR method incorporating both persistent scatterer and small baseline approaches[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2008,35:1-12.
[20] ZHANG L,LU Z,DING X L,et al.Mapping ground surface deformation using temporarily coherent point SAR interferometry:Application to Los Angeles Basin[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2012,117:429-439.
[21] ZHANG L,SUN Q,HU J.Potential of TCPInSAR in monitoring linear infrastructure with a small dataset of SAR images:Application of the Donghai Bridge,China[J].Applied Sciences,2018,8(3):425.
[22] BAMLER R,HARTL P.Synthetic aperture radar interferometry[J].Inverse Problem,1998,14(4):R1-R54.
[23] ZENG Z,WANG Y,CHEN D Z,et al.Identifying potential landslide site using InSAR and SBAS techniques[A].EUSAR 2108,12th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar[C].2018.487-490.
[24] KAMPES B M.Radar Interferometry:Persistent Scatterer Technique[M].Springer,2006.
[25] 夏耶.地面沉降与山体滑坡的星载合成孔径雷达差分干涉监测方法及其工程应用[R].第二届全国地面沉降学术研讨会,2006.
[26] FERRETTI A,PRATI C,ROCCA F.Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2000,38(5):2202-2212.
[27] KAMPES B M,HANSSEN R F.Ambiguity resolution for permanent scatterer interferometry[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2004,42(11):2446-2453.
[28] HOOPER A,ZEBKER H.Phase unwrapping in three dimensions with application to InSAR time series[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America,2007,24(9):2737-2747.
[29] CHEN C W.Statistical-Cost Network-Flow Approaches to Two-Dimensional Phase Unwrapping for Radar Interferometry[D].America:Stanford University,2001.
[30] CHEN C W,ZEBKER H A.Network approaches to two-dimensional phase unwrapping:Intractability and two new algorithms[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America A,2000,17(3):401-414.
[31] ZHANG L,DING X L,LU Z.Ground settlement monitoring based on temporarily coherent points between two SAR acquisitions[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2011,66(1):146-152.
[32] REMY D,BONVALOT S,BRIOLE P,et al.Accurate measurements of tropospheric effects in volcanic areas from SAR interferometry data:Application to Sakurajima Volcano (Japan)[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003,213(3):299-310.
[33] BIGGS J,WRIGHT T,LU Z,et al.Multi-interferogram method for measuring interseismic deformation:Denali fault,Alaska[J].Geophysical Journal International,2007,170(3):1165-1179.
[34] LI Z W,DING X L,LIU G X.Modeling atmospheric effects on InSAR with meteorological and continuous GPS observations:Algorithms and some test results[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,2004,66(11):907-917.
[35] LI Z H,FIELDING E J,CROSS P,et al.Advanced InSAR atmospheric correction:MERIS/MODIS combination and stacked water vapour models[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2009,30(13):3343-3363.
[36] BARNHART W D,LOHMAN R B.Characterizing and estimating noise in InSAR and InSAR time series with MODIS[J].Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,2013,14(10):4121-4132.
[37] PUYSSEGURE B,MICHEL R,AVOUAC J P.Tropospheric phase delay in interferometric synthetic aperture radar estimated from meteorological model and multispectral imagery[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2007,112(B5):1-12.
[38] LIN Y N,SIMONS M,HETLAND E A,et al.A multiscale approach to estimating topographically correlated propagation delays in radar interferograms[J].Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,2010,11(9):1-17.
[39] KROPATSCH W G,STROBL D.The generation of SAR layover and shadow maps from digital elevation models[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1990,28(1):98-107.
[40] COLESANTI C,WASOWSKI J.Investigating landslides with space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry[J].Engineering Geology,2006,88(3):173-199.
[41] SUN Q,HU J,ZHANG L,et al.Towards slow-moving landslide monitoring by integrating multi-sensor InSAR time series datasets:The Zhouqu case study,China[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(11):908.
[42] ZEBKER H A,VILLASENOR J.Decorrelation in interferometric radar echoes[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1992,30(5):950-959.
[43] BOVENGA F,WASOWSKI J,NITTI D O,et al.Using COSMO/SkyMed X-band and ENVISAT C-band SAR interferometry for landslides analysis[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2012,119:272-285.
[44] CALO F,ARDIZZONE F,CASTALDO R,et al.Enhanced landslide investigations through advanced DInSAR techniques:The Ivancich case study,Assisi,Italy[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2014,142:69-82.
[45] HU J,LI Z W,DING X L,et al.Resolving three-dimensional surface displacements from InSAR measurements:A review[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2014,133:1-17.
[46] HERRERA G,GUTIéRREZ F,GARCíA-DAVALILLO J C,et al.Multi-sensor advanced DInSAR monitoring of very slow landslides:The Tena Valley case study (Central Spanish Pyrenees)[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2013,128:31-43.
[47] 孙倩.多基线、多时相和多平台InSAR滑坡监测研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2018,34(1):127.
[48] RAUCOULES D,DE MICHELE M,MALET J P,et al.Time-variable 3D ground displacements from high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR):Application to La Valette landslide (South French Alps)[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2013,139:198-204.
[49] HE L M,WU L X,LIU S J,et al.Mapping two-dimensional deformation field time series of large slope by coupling DInSAR-SBAS with MAI-SBAS[J].Remote Sensing,2015,7:12440-12458.
[50] SINGLETON A,LI Z,HOEY T,et al.Evaluating sub-pixel offset techniques as an alternative to D-InSAR for monitoring episodic landslide movements in vegetated terrain[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2014,147:133-144.
[51] NOVELLIS V,CASTALDO R,LOLLINO P,et al.Modeling of a slow landslide through the exploitation of DInSAR measurements and in situ survey[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(8):670.
[52] GISCHIG V,LOEW S,KOS A,et al.Identification of active release planes using ground-based differential InSAR at the Randa rock slope instability,Switzerland[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Science,2009,9(6):2027-2038.
[53] BOZZANO F,CIPRIANI I,MAZZANTI P,et al.Displacement patterns of a landslide affected by human activities:Insights from ground-based InSAR monitoring[J].Natural Hazards,2011,59(3):1377-1396.
[54] 邹进贵,李琴,朱勇超,等.时序地基SAR子影像集监测地震滑坡灾害研究[J].测绘通报,2015(S0):152-156.
[55] 刘斌,葛大庆,张玲,等.地基雷达干涉测量技术在滑坡灾后稳定性评估中的应用[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2016,36 (8):674-677.
[56] BARDI F,RASPINI F,FRODELLA W,et al.Monitoring the rapid-moving reactivation of earth flows by means of GB-InSAR:The April 2013 Capriglio Landslide (Northern Appennines,Italy)[J].Remote Sensing,2017,9(2):165.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |