高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草甸植物群落多样性和稳定性的影响
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摘要
物种多样性和功能冗余是评价植物群落稳定性的重要内容。采用野外调查方法研究了高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草甸植物群落物种多样性、功能多样性、功能冗余和植物群落稳定性的影响。结果表明:高原鼠兔干扰增加了物种丰富度指数、功能多样性和功能冗余,降低了物种多样性指数、均匀度指数和植物群落稳定性。随高原鼠兔干扰强度增加,植物群落多样性指数、丰富度指数、功能冗余和植物群落稳定性呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,说明高原鼠兔干扰对植物群落物种多样性和稳定性的影响不仅要考虑干扰与否,而且要考虑干扰强度。
Plant community diversity and functional redundancy are useful vegetation characteristics to consider when evaluating the community stability. A field survey was carried out to determine the disturbance effects of plateau pika on plant community diversity, functional diversity, functional redundancy and community stability of an alpine meadow. It was found that plateau pika disturbance increased plant species richness, functional diversity and functional redundancy, and decreased the plant diversity index, evenness index and community stability. In disturbed areas, plant species diversity, plant species richness, functional redundancy and community stability initially increased and then later decreased with increasing the plateau pika disturbance intensity. These results suggest that research into the effect of plateau pika disturbance on the plant community diversity and stability should consider not only the disturbance, but also the intensity of the disturbance.
Plant community diversity and functional redundancy are useful vegetation characteristics to consider when evaluating the community stability. A field survey was carried out to determine the disturbance effects of plateau pika on plant community diversity, functional diversity, functional redundancy and community stability of an alpine meadow. It was found that plateau pika disturbance increased plant species richness, functional diversity and functional redundancy, and decreased the plant diversity index, evenness index and community stability. In disturbed areas, plant species diversity, plant species richness, functional redundancy and community stability initially increased and then later decreased with increasing the plateau pika disturbance intensity. These results suggest that research into the effect of plateau pika disturbance on the plant community diversity and stability should consider not only the disturbance, but also the intensity of the disturbance.
引文
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[2] Zhang J Y,Zhao H L.Review on the study of vegetation stability.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2003,22(4):42-48.张继义,赵哈林.植被(植物群落)稳定性研究评述.生态学杂志,2003,22(4):42-48.
[3] Yang H,Jiang L,Li L,et al.Diversity-dependent stability under mowing and nutrient addition:Evidence from a 7-year grassland experiment.Ecology Letters,2012,15(6):619-626.
[4] Ives A R,Carpenter S R.Stability and diversity of ecosystems.Science,2007,317:58-62.
[5] Elton C S.The ecology of invasions by animals and plants.Journal of Range Management,1958,47(9):1601.
[6] Li F,Zhou G Y,Yang L C,et al.Effect of fence on biodiversity and stability of the main plant communities in the Qinghai Lake area.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(4):135-140.李璠,周国英,杨路存,等.围栏封育对青海湖流域主要植物群落多样性与稳定性的影响.水土保持研究,2013,20(4):135-140.
[7] Rosenfeld J S.Functional redundancy in ecology and conservation.Oikos,2002,98(1):156-162.
[8] Pillar V D,Blanco C C,Muller S C,et al.Functional redundancy and stability in plant communities.Journal of Vegetation Science,2013,24(5):963-974.
[9] Collins S L.Disturbance frequency and community stability in native tallgrass prairie.American Naturalist,2000,155(3):311-325.
[10] Lei L J,Kong D L,Li X M,et al.Plant functional traits,functional diversity,and ecosystem functioning:Current knowledge and perspectives.Biodiversity Science,2016,24(8):922-931.雷羚洁,孔德良,李晓明,等.植物功能性状、功能多样性与生态系统功能:进展与展望.生物多样性,2016,24(8):922-931.
[11] Niu Y F.The study of environment in the Plateau of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Progress in Geography,1999,18(2):163-171.牛亚菲.青藏高原生态环境问题研究.地理科学进展,1999,18(2):163-171.
[12] Wen L,Dong S K,Zhu L,et al.The effect of natural factors and disturbance intensity on spacial heterogeneity of plant diversity in alpine meadow.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(7):1844-1854.温璐,董世魁,朱磊,等.环境因子和干扰强度对高寒草甸植物多样性空间分异的影响.生态学报,2011,31(7):1844-1854.
[13] Yu C,Jia T T,Pang X P,et al.Effects of plateau pika (Ochotona Curzoniae) disturbing soil carbon and nitrogen distribution in alpine meadow.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(3):768-778.于成,贾婷婷,庞晓攀,等.高原鼠兔干扰强度对高寒草甸土壤碳氮分布的影响.土壤学报,2016,53(3):768-778.
[14] Wangdwei M,Steele B,Harris R B.Demographic responses of plateau pikas to vegetation cover and land use in the Tibet Autonomous Region,China.Journal of Mammalogy,2013,94(5):1077-1086.
[15] Guo Z G,Li X F,Liu X Y,et al.Response of alpine meadow communities to burrow density changes of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(1):44-49.
[16] Smith,Andrew T,Foggin,et al.The plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is a keystone species for biodiversity on the Tibetan Plateau.Animal Conservation,1999,2(4):235-240.
[17] Guo Z G,Zhou X R,Hou Y.Effect of available burrow densities of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) on soil physicochemical property of the bare land and vegetation land in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(2):104-110.
[18] Pang X P,Wang Q,Jia T T,et al.Effect of burrow entrance densities of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) on interspecific association in Kobresia pygmaea meadow.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(5):224-230.庞晓攀,王倩,贾婷婷,等.高原鼠兔有效洞口数密度对高山嵩草草甸植物种间联结性的影响.草业学报,2015,24(5):224-230.
[19] Sun F D,Guo Z G,Shang Z H,et al.Effect of density of burrowing plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) on soil physical and chemical properties of alpine meadow soil.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2010,47(2):378-383.孙飞达,郭正刚,尚占环,等.高原鼠兔洞穴密度对高寒草甸土壤理化性质的影响.土壤学报,2010,47(2):378-383.
[20] Yu C,Pang X P,Wang Q,et al.Soil nutrient changes induced by the presence and intensity of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) disturbances in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China.Ecological Engineering,2017,106:1-9.
[21] Jia T T,Mao L,Guo Z G.Effect of available burrow densities of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) on plant niche of alpine meadow communities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(4):869-877.贾婷婷,毛亮,郭正刚.高原鼠兔有效洞穴密度对青藏高原高寒草甸群落植物生态位的影响.生态学报,2014,34(4):869-877.
[22] Zhang J.Population of plateau pika response to regulated measures of vegetation.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2011.张军.高原鼠兔种群数量对植被调控措施的响应.兰州:兰州大学,2011.
[23] Jin S H,Liu T,Pang X P,et al.Effects of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) disturbances on plant species diversity and aboveground plant biomass in a Kobresia pygmaea meadow in the Qinghai Lake Region.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(5):29-39.金少红,刘彤,庞晓攀,等.高原鼠兔干扰对青海湖流域高山嵩草草甸植物多样性及地上生物量的影响.草业学报,2017,26(5):29-39.
[24] Fan N C,Zhou W Y,Wei W H,et al.Rodent pest management in the Qinghai-Tibet alpine meadow ecosystem//Singleton G R,Hinds L A,Leirs H,et al.Ecologically-based rodent management.Canberra:Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research,1999.
[25] Desoky A E A S S.The most important methods used to estimate the population density of rodents.Academic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Research,2015,3(7):169-172.
[26] Pang X P,Guo Z G.Plateau pika disturbances alter plant productivity and soil nutrients in alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China.The Rangeland Journal,2017,39(2):133-144.
[27] Podani J.Extending gower's general coefficient of similarity to ordinal characters.Taxon,1999,48(2):331-340.
[28] Botany Committee of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Flora of China.Vol.1.Beijing:Science Press,2004.中国科学院中国植物志委员会.中国植物志(第一卷).北京:科学出版社,2004.
[29] Bello F D,Leps J,Lavorel S,et al.Importance of species abundance for assessment of trait composition:An example based on pollinator communities.Community Ecology,2007,8(2):163-170.
[30] Zheng Y R.Comparison of methods for studying stability of forest community.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2000,36(5):28-32.郑元润.森林群落稳定性研究方法初探.林业科学,2000,36(5):28-32.
[31] Sun F D,Long R J,Guo Z G,et al.Effects of rodents activities on plant community and soil environment in alpine meadow.Pratacultural Science,2011,28(1):146-151.孙飞达,龙瑞军,郭正刚,等.鼠类活动对高寒草甸植物群落及土壤环境的影响.草业科学,2011,28(1):146-151.
[32] Borghi C E.Effect of herbivory and disturbances by Tuco-Tucos (Ctenomys mendocinus) on a plant community in the southern Puna Desert.Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research,2007,39(1):110-116.
[33] Herault B,Thoen D.Diversity of plant assemblages in isolated depressional wetlands from Central-Western Europe.Biodiversity & Conservation,2008,17(9):2169-2183.
[34] Liu H,Chen Y,Zhou L,et al.The effects of management on population dynamics of plateau pika.Mathematical and Computer Modelling,2013,57(3/4):525-535.
[35] Zhang W H,Miao Y J,Zhao Y H,et al.Effect of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) on alpine meadow in Tibet.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2018,27(1):115-122.张卫红,苗彦军,赵玉红,等.高原鼠兔对西藏邦杰塘高寒草甸的影响.草业学报,2018,27(1):115-122.
[36] Zhao C Z,Dong X G,Shi F X,et al.Community stability under different vegetations restored of abandoned land in alpine areas.Journal of Mountain Science,2011,29(1):6-11.赵成章,董小刚,石福习,等.高寒山区退耕地不同植被恢复方式下群落稳定性.山地学报,2011,29(1):6-11.
[37] Manier D J,Hobbs N T.Large herbivores influence the composition and diversity of shrub-steppe communities in the Rocky Mountains,USA.Oecologia,2006,146(4):641-651.
[38] Bagchi S,Namgail T,Ritchie M E.Small mammalian herbivores as mediators of plant community dynamics in the high-altitude arid rangelands of Trans-Himalaya.Biological Conservation,2006,127(4):438-442.
[39] Biswas S R,Mallik A U.Disturbance effects on species diversity and functional diversity in riparian and upland plant communities.Ecology,2010,91(1):28-35.
[40] Jiang X L,Zhang W G.Functional diversity and its research method.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(10):2766-2773.江小雷,张卫国.功能多样性及其研究方法.生态学报,2010,30(10):2766-2773.
[41] Dong S K,Tang L,Zhang X F,et al.Relationship between plant species diversity and functional diversity in alpine grasslands.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(5):1472-1483.董世魁,汤琳,张相锋,等.高寒草地植物物种多样性与功能多样性的关系.生态学报,2017,37(5):1472-1483.
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