黑龙江穆棱东北红豆杉自然保护区马鹿与狍冬季食性组成的比较
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摘要
于2014—2015年冬季(1—3月份),通过野外调查及粪便样本采集,应用粪便显微组织学分析技术对黑龙江穆棱东北红豆杉国家级自然保护区的东北马鹿(Cervus elaphus xanthopygus)与狍(Capreolus pygargus)深冬时期的食性组成进行了比较研究。分别跟踪东北马鹿和狍的足迹链,收集了43份东北马鹿粪便和40份狍粪便,共83份粪便样本,组成独立样本进行食性分析。结果表明:保护区内东北马鹿主要取食15种植物,青楷槭(Acer tegmentosum)和东北红豆杉(Taxus cuspidata)是主要食物,分别占21%、13%。马鹿取食阔叶植物(77%),针叶植物(13%),其余为蕨类植物和非禾本科草本植物。狍取食14种植物,主要食物为青楷槭和青杨(Populus cathayana),分别占22%、12%,未发现取食东北红豆杉,食性中阔叶植物占88%,蕨类植物和非禾本科草本植物占12%。保护区内同域分布的马鹿与狍取食植物种类相似,但食性比例不同。
A comparative study of the feeding habits in late winter of red deer and roe deer in Heilongjiang Muling Northeast National Nature Reserve of Japanese Yew was conducted during the winters in 2014 and 2015(both from January to March), through field investigation and fecal sample collection, and fecal analysis. The footprint chains of red deer and roe deer were tracked, through which 43 fecal samples of red deer and 40 fecal samples of roe deer were collected, constituting 83 individual samples for feeding habit analysis. The red deer mainly feed on 15 species of plants, of which Acer tegmentosum and Taxus cuspidate are the main food, taking for 21% and 13%, respectively. The 77% of the plants that red deer feed on are broad-leaved trees, and 13% are needle-leaved trees. The rest are ferns and forbs. In terms of roe deer, 14 species of plants were foraged, the main two species of which are Acer tegmentosum and Populus cathayana, comprising 22% and 12%, respectively. The 88% of the food of roe deer are broad-leaved plants and 12% are ferns and forbs. The utilization of edible plant resources by sympatric red deer and roe deer are similar while the ratios of components are different.
A comparative study of the feeding habits in late winter of red deer and roe deer in Heilongjiang Muling Northeast National Nature Reserve of Japanese Yew was conducted during the winters in 2014 and 2015(both from January to March), through field investigation and fecal sample collection, and fecal analysis. The footprint chains of red deer and roe deer were tracked, through which 43 fecal samples of red deer and 40 fecal samples of roe deer were collected, constituting 83 individual samples for feeding habit analysis. The red deer mainly feed on 15 species of plants, of which Acer tegmentosum and Taxus cuspidate are the main food, taking for 21% and 13%, respectively. The 77% of the plants that red deer feed on are broad-leaved trees, and 13% are needle-leaved trees. The rest are ferns and forbs. In terms of roe deer, 14 species of plants were foraged, the main two species of which are Acer tegmentosum and Populus cathayana, comprising 22% and 12%, respectively. The 88% of the food of roe deer are broad-leaved plants and 12% are ferns and forbs. The utilization of edible plant resources by sympatric red deer and roe deer are similar while the ratios of components are different.
引文
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[11] DOVE H,MAYES R W.The use of plant wax alkanes as marker substances in studies of the nutrition of herbivores:a review[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1991,42(6):913-952.
[12] WALKER J W,CLARK D H,MCCOY S D.Fecal NIRS for predicting percent leafy spurge in diets[J].Journal of Range Management,1998,51(4):450-455.
[13] ORTMANN S,BRADLEY B J,STOLTER C,et al.Estimating the quality and composition of wild animal diets-a critical survey of methods[J].Cambridge Studies In Biological And Evolutionary Anthropology,2006,48(1) 397-420.
[14] 黄晨,张玮琪,张明海.黑龙江省完达山东部地区马鹿冬季取食对策研究[J].野生动物学报,2014,35(2):129-134.
[15] 陈化鹏,萧前柱.带岭林区马鹿冬季食性研究[J].兽类学报,1989,9(1):8-15.
[16] LOFGREEN G P,MEYER J H,HULL J L.Behaviour patterns of sheep and cattle being fed pasture or soilage[J].Journal of Animal Science,1957,16(4):773-780.
[17] 张伟,李俊生,张明海.大兴安岭林区冬季狍的生境选择[J].林业科技,1997,22(4):40-41.
[18] 陈化鹏,萧前柱.带岭林区马鹿和狍冬季营养对策的比较[J].生态学报,1991,11:349-354.
[19] 张玮琪.小时间尺度下东北小兴安岭和完达山地区鹿类冬季营养生态学研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2013.
[2] TIXIER H,DUNCAN P.Are European roe deer browser?A review of variations in the composition of their diets[J].Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Syetematics,1996,51:3-15.
[3] GEBERT C,VERHEYDEN-TIXIER H.Variations of diet composition of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Europe[J].Mammal Review,2001,31(3):189-201.
[4] KROJEROVá-PROKE?OVá J,BARAN.Density of red and roe deer and their distribution in relation to different habitat characteristics in a floodplain forest[J].Folia Zoologica,2006,55(1):1-14.
[5] HEARNEY A W,JENNINGS T J.Annual foods of the red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in the east of England[J].Zoological Society of London,1983,201(4):565-570.
[6] MáTRAI K,KABAI P.Winter plant selection by red and roe deer in a forest habitat in Hungary[J].Acta Theriol,1989,34:227-234.
[7] HOMOLKA M.The diet of Cervus elaphus and Capreolus capreolus of the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts[J].Folia Zoologica,1995,44:227-236.
[8] 陈化鹏,萧前柱.带岭林区马鹿和狍冬季营养对策的比较[J].生态学报,1991,11(4):349-354.
[9] 周绍春,张明海,王双玲.完达山林区森林采伐和非采伐区马鹿、狍子对冬季生境因子选择的比较[J].动物学研究,2006,27(6):575-589.
[10] 冯源.黑龙江穆棱林区东北马鹿(Cervus elaphus xanthopygus)冬季营养策略研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2017.
[11] DOVE H,MAYES R W.The use of plant wax alkanes as marker substances in studies of the nutrition of herbivores:a review[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1991,42(6):913-952.
[12] WALKER J W,CLARK D H,MCCOY S D.Fecal NIRS for predicting percent leafy spurge in diets[J].Journal of Range Management,1998,51(4):450-455.
[13] ORTMANN S,BRADLEY B J,STOLTER C,et al.Estimating the quality and composition of wild animal diets-a critical survey of methods[J].Cambridge Studies In Biological And Evolutionary Anthropology,2006,48(1) 397-420.
[14] 黄晨,张玮琪,张明海.黑龙江省完达山东部地区马鹿冬季取食对策研究[J].野生动物学报,2014,35(2):129-134.
[15] 陈化鹏,萧前柱.带岭林区马鹿冬季食性研究[J].兽类学报,1989,9(1):8-15.
[16] LOFGREEN G P,MEYER J H,HULL J L.Behaviour patterns of sheep and cattle being fed pasture or soilage[J].Journal of Animal Science,1957,16(4):773-780.
[17] 张伟,李俊生,张明海.大兴安岭林区冬季狍的生境选择[J].林业科技,1997,22(4):40-41.
[18] 陈化鹏,萧前柱.带岭林区马鹿和狍冬季营养对策的比较[J].生态学报,1991,11:349-354.
[19] 张玮琪.小时间尺度下东北小兴安岭和完达山地区鹿类冬季营养生态学研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2013.
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