含杂质盐岩加载过程渗透特性及细观特征研究
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摘要
利用THMC岩石试验系统与工业CT,对不同杂质含量盐岩进行加载全过程气体渗透测试及加载前与破坏后的细观扫描,探讨了围压与杂质含量对含杂质盐岩加载过程渗透特性的影响。研究表明:杂质盐岩在5 MPa围压时的渗透率整体呈增大—平缓变化特征,但高杂质下的平缓期明显滞后杂质含量低的盐岩;在10 MPa围压时的渗透率具有下降过渡点,整体表现为增大—降低—上升至平缓的变化特征;围压对加载破坏过程中的渗透性具有显著影响,含杂质盐岩在10 MPa围压下破坏过程的渗透性,均比5 MPa围压状态下低约2～3个数量级。杂质含量低于45%时,杂质含量越高,破坏过程中渗透率越低;杂质含量超过45%时,破坏过程中的渗透率较高,量值与纯盐岩相当。杂质盐岩加载前的孔隙率约为1%,渗透破坏后增大了约10倍,加载破坏后高杂质盐岩与纯盐岩的孔隙率接近,杂质含量低的盐岩的孔隙率相对较低。研究获得了不同围压和杂质含量影响下渗透性差异的裂纹分布细观特征。低围压下的杂质含量低的盐岩呈单剪切面破坏特征,纯盐岩和高杂质盐岩呈共轭双剪切面破坏特征。导致破坏过程的渗透性较高;高围压下呈横向大变形特征,其破坏特征为裂纹方向与σ1方向一致的密集型微裂纹,破坏后的渗透性较低。
Using the THMC rock test system and industrial CT, the gas permeability test of the whole process of loading of salt rock with different impurity content and the pre-load and post-failure mesoscopic scanning were carried out. The influence of confining pressure and impurity content on the permeability characteristics of contaminated rock salt during loading was discussed. The results showed that the permeability of contaminated salt rock at 5 MPa confining pressure showed an overall increasing-pacing variation. However, the high-impurity looming phase obviously lags behind the low-content salt rock. The permeability at 10 MPa confining pressure had a declining transition point and the overall performance was increasing—decreasing—rising to flattening characteristics. The confining pressure had a significant effect on the permeability during the loading destruction process. The permeability of contaminated salt rock under a confining pressure of 10 MPa was about 2～3 orders of magnitude lower than that under 5 MPa confining pressure. When the impurity content was less than 45%, the higher the impurity content, the lower the permeability during the destruction process. When the impurity content exceeded 45%, the permeability during the destruction process was high, and the amount was equivalent to pure salt rock. The porosity of the impurity salt rock before loading was about 1%, and increased about 10 times after the infiltration damage. The porosity of the high-impured salt rock and the pure salt rock was close to that after the loading and destruction, however the porosity of low salt rock was relatively low. The microscopic characteristics of crack distribution under different confining pressure and impurity content under different influences were obtained. The low-concentration impurity content of low-salt rock was characterized by a single shear surface failure, and pure salt rock and high impurity salt rock showed the destruction characteristics of the conjugate double shear surface, resulting in high permeability of the destruction process. The high confining pressure was characterized by large horizontal deformation, and the failure characteristics were dense micro-crack with the direction of the crack in the same direction as σ 1, and the permeability after failure was low.
Using the THMC rock test system and industrial CT, the gas permeability test of the whole process of loading of salt rock with different impurity content and the pre-load and post-failure mesoscopic scanning were carried out. The influence of confining pressure and impurity content on the permeability characteristics of contaminated rock salt during loading was discussed. The results showed that the permeability of contaminated salt rock at 5 MPa confining pressure showed an overall increasing-pacing variation. However, the high-impurity looming phase obviously lags behind the low-content salt rock. The permeability at 10 MPa confining pressure had a declining transition point and the overall performance was increasing—decreasing—rising to flattening characteristics. The confining pressure had a significant effect on the permeability during the loading destruction process. The permeability of contaminated salt rock under a confining pressure of 10 MPa was about 2～3 orders of magnitude lower than that under 5 MPa confining pressure. When the impurity content was less than 45%, the higher the impurity content, the lower the permeability during the destruction process. When the impurity content exceeded 45%, the permeability during the destruction process was high, and the amount was equivalent to pure salt rock. The porosity of the impurity salt rock before loading was about 1%, and increased about 10 times after the infiltration damage. The porosity of the high-impured salt rock and the pure salt rock was close to that after the loading and destruction, however the porosity of low salt rock was relatively low. The microscopic characteristics of crack distribution under different confining pressure and impurity content under different influences were obtained. The low-concentration impurity content of low-salt rock was characterized by a single shear surface failure, and pure salt rock and high impurity salt rock showed the destruction characteristics of the conjugate double shear surface, resulting in high permeability of the destruction process. The high confining pressure was characterized by large horizontal deformation, and the failure characteristics were dense micro-crack with the direction of the crack in the same direction as σ 1, and the permeability after failure was low.
引文
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[15]Wu Chi,Liu Jianfeng,Zhou Zhiwei,et al.Study on creep properties of salt rock with impurities during triaxial creep test[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2017,49(Supp2):165-172.[吴池,刘建锋,周志威,等.含杂质盐岩三轴蠕变特性试验研究[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(增刊2):165-172.]
[16]Yu Shaofeng,Wu Aixiang,Huang Mingqing.Structural evolution of porous and fractured media of the ore-rockgranular based on aeration assisted heap leaching[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2017,49(4):46-52.[于少峰,吴爱祥,黄明清.基于通风强化浸出的矿岩散体孔裂隙双重介质结构演化[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(4):46-52.]
[17]Stormont J C.Gas permealbility changes in rock salt during deformation[D].Phoenix:The University of Arizona Graduate College,1990.
[18]Ji Wendong,Yang Chunhe,Liu Wei,et al.Experimental investigation on meso-pore structure properties of bedded salt rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(10):2036-2044.[纪文栋,杨春和,刘伟,等.层状盐岩细观孔隙特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(10):2036-2044.]
[2]杨春和,李银平,陈锋.层状盐岩力学理论与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:114-116.
[3]Li Yinping,Liu Jiang,Yang Chunhe.Influence of mudstone interlayer on deformation and failure characteristics of salt rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(12):2461-2466.[李银平,刘江,杨春和.泥岩夹层对盐岩变形和破损特征的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2461-2466.]
[4]Popp T,Kern H.Monitoring the state of microfracturing in rock salt during deformation combined measurements of permeability and P-and S-wave velocities[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2000,25(2):149-154.
[5]Schulze O,Popp T,Kern H.Development of damage and permeability in deforming rock salt[J].Engineering Geology,2001,61(2/3):163-180.
[6]Hou Zhengmeng,Wu Wen.Improvement of design of storage cavity in rock salt by using the Hou/Lux constitutive model with consideration of creep rupture criterion and damage[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(1):105-108.[侯正猛,吴文.利用Hou/Lux本构模型考虑蠕变破坏标准和损伤改进盐岩储存硐库的设计[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):105-108.]
[7]Hou Z M.Mechanical and hydraulic behavior of rock salt in the excavation disturbed zone around underground facilities[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2003,40(5):725-738.
[8]Wu Wen,Hou Zhengmeng,Yang Chunhe.Investigations on permeability of rock salt[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(7):746-749.[吴文,侯正猛,杨春和.盐岩的渗透特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(7):746-749.]
[9]Wang Xinzhi,Wang Ren,Yang Chunhe,et al.Summary on influence of permeability of rock salt[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp1):2678-2686.[王新志,汪稔,杨春和,等.盐岩渗透性影响因素研究综述[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增刊1):2678-2686.]
[10]Wu Zhide,Zhou Hongwei,Ding Jingyang,et al.Research on permeability testing of rock salt under different permeability pressures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(Supp2):3740-3746.[武志德,周宏伟,丁靖洋,等.不同渗透压力下盐岩的渗透率测试研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增刊2):3740-3746.]
[11]Zhou Hongwei,He Jinming,Wu Zhide.Permeability and meso-structure characteristics of bedded salt rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(10):2068-2073.[周宏伟,何金明,武志德.含夹层盐岩渗透特性及其细观结构特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(10):2068-2073.]
[12]Liu Wei,Muhammad N,Li Yinping,et al.Experimental study of permeability of salt rock and its application to deep underground gas storage[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(10):1953-1961.[刘伟,Muhammad N,李银平,等.盐岩渗透特性的试验研究及其在深部储气库中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(10):1953-1961.]
[13]Xu Yangmengdi,Liu Jianfeng,Xu Huining,et al.Experimental study of permeability of salt rock with impurities in whole process of loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(Supp1):402-408.[徐杨梦迪,刘建锋,徐慧宁,等.含杂质盐岩加载全过程的渗透试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(增刊1):402-408.]
[14]Xu Yangmengdi,Liu Jianfeng,Xu Huining,et al.Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristics of saltrock with impurities under uniaxial compression[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2016,48(6):37-45.[徐杨梦迪,刘建锋,徐慧宁,等.单轴压缩下含杂质盐岩的声发射特征试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2016,48(6):37-45.]
[15]Wu Chi,Liu Jianfeng,Zhou Zhiwei,et al.Study on creep properties of salt rock with impurities during triaxial creep test[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2017,49(Supp2):165-172.[吴池,刘建锋,周志威,等.含杂质盐岩三轴蠕变特性试验研究[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(增刊2):165-172.]
[16]Yu Shaofeng,Wu Aixiang,Huang Mingqing.Structural evolution of porous and fractured media of the ore-rockgranular based on aeration assisted heap leaching[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2017,49(4):46-52.[于少峰,吴爱祥,黄明清.基于通风强化浸出的矿岩散体孔裂隙双重介质结构演化[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(4):46-52.]
[17]Stormont J C.Gas permealbility changes in rock salt during deformation[D].Phoenix:The University of Arizona Graduate College,1990.
[18]Ji Wendong,Yang Chunhe,Liu Wei,et al.Experimental investigation on meso-pore structure properties of bedded salt rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(10):2036-2044.[纪文栋,杨春和,刘伟,等.层状盐岩细观孔隙特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(10):2036-2044.]
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