景观多功能性:概念辨析、近今进展与前沿议题
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摘要
景观多功能性是指景观同时提供多种功能,且不同功能间存在相互作用的特性。良好的景观多功能性可以有效提升区域人类福祉,使景观多功能性成为一项典型的人地耦合研究议题。然而,概念不明确、计量方法粗略、实践应用较少是当前制约景观多功能性研究继续深化的重要障碍。通过明晰景观多功能性与生态系统功能、生态系统服务、土地功能、景观服务、景观可持续性等近似概念的逻辑关系,梳理近年来国际上农业景观多功能性、城市景观多功能性以及其他具有区域特色的景观多功能性研究进展,发现格局-过程-服务-可持续性的级联研究链条已逐渐显现。未来景观多功能性研究有待基于供需原理优化景观功能评估指标与方法,正确认知景观功能主导性与多样性的关系,探究可持续发展目标达成的多目标协同途径,为国土空间优化提供理论、方法与实践指引。
Landscape multifunctionality refers to the characteristic of landscapes in which they provide multiple different functions, which interact with each other, at the same time. Good landscape multifunctionality can effectively improve regional human well-being, making landscape multifunctionality a typical topic of human-land coupling research. However, vague concepts, rough measurement methods, and a lack of practical application are major obstacles to the further development of landscape multifunctionality research. This study clarified the concepts and the logical relationships among ecosystem function, ecosystem service, land function, landscape service, and landscape sustainability. International studies in recent years classified as agricultural landscape multifunctionality, urban landscape multifunctionality, and other and others featuring regional landscape multifunctionality have been reviewed. The cascade research chain of "pattern, process, service, sustainability" has gradually emerged. Four frontier issues were set in this study, comprising the following: optimizing the indicators and methods of landscape function evaluation based on the principle of supply and demand; correctly understanding the relationship between the dominance and diversity of landscape function; exploring a multi-objective collaborative approach to achieve sustainable development goals; and providing theoretical, methodological, and practical guidance for the optimization of national territory development.
Landscape multifunctionality refers to the characteristic of landscapes in which they provide multiple different functions, which interact with each other, at the same time. Good landscape multifunctionality can effectively improve regional human well-being, making landscape multifunctionality a typical topic of human-land coupling research. However, vague concepts, rough measurement methods, and a lack of practical application are major obstacles to the further development of landscape multifunctionality research. This study clarified the concepts and the logical relationships among ecosystem function, ecosystem service, land function, landscape service, and landscape sustainability. International studies in recent years classified as agricultural landscape multifunctionality, urban landscape multifunctionality, and other and others featuring regional landscape multifunctionality have been reviewed. The cascade research chain of "pattern, process, service, sustainability" has gradually emerged. Four frontier issues were set in this study, comprising the following: optimizing the indicators and methods of landscape function evaluation based on the principle of supply and demand; correctly understanding the relationship between the dominance and diversity of landscape function; exploring a multi-objective collaborative approach to achieve sustainable development goals; and providing theoretical, methodological, and practical guidance for the optimization of national territory development.
引文
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[15] 傅伯杰,吕一河,陈利顶,苏常红,姚雪玲,刘宇.国际景观生态学研究新进展.生态学报,2008,28(2):798-804.
[16] 周华荣.干旱区湿地多功能景观研究的意义与前景分析.干旱区地理,2005,28(1):16-20.
[17] 吕一河,马志敏,傅伯杰,高光耀.生态系统服务多样性与景观多功能性——从科学理念到综合评估.生态学报,2013,33(4):1153-1159.
[18] Wu J S,Feng Z,Gao Y,Peng J.Hotspot and relationship identification in multiple landscape services:a case study on an area with intensive human activities.Ecological Indicators,2013,29:529-537.
[19] Fry G L A.Multifunctional landscapes—towards transdisciplinary research.Landscape and Urban Planning,2001,57(3/4):159-168.
[20] Jax K.Function and “functioning” in ecology:what does it mean?Oikos,2005,111(3):641-648.
[21] 刘焱序,傅伯杰,赵文武,王帅.生态资产核算与生态系统服务评估:概念交汇与重点方向.生态学报,2018,38(23):8267-8276.
[22] Verburg P H,van de Steeg J,Veldkamp A,Willemen L.From land cover change to land function dynamics:a major challenge to improve land characterization.Journal of Environmental Management,2009,90(3):1327-1335.
[23] Paracchini M L,Pacini C,Jones M L M,Pérez-Soba M.An aggregation framework to link indicators associated with multifunctional land use to the stakeholder evaluation of policy options.Ecological Indicators,2011,11(1):71-80.
[24] Liu C,Xu Y Q,Huang A,Liu Y X,Wang H,Lu L H,Sun P L,Zheng W R.Spatial identification of land use multifunctionality at grid scale in farming-pastoral area:a case study of Zhangjiakou City,China.Habitat International,2018,76:48-61.
[25] 傅伯杰.地理学综合研究的途径与方法:格局与过程耦合.地理学报,2014,69(8):1052-1059.
[26] 汤茜,丁圣彦.多功能景观研究进展.生态学报,2014,34(12):3151-3157.
[27] 王紫雯.多功能景观概念在可持续景观规划中的运用.城市规划,2008,32(2):27-33.
[28] 彭建,胡晓旭,赵明月,刘焱序,田璐.生态系统服务权衡研究进展:从认知到决策.地理学报,2017,72(6):960-973.
[29] 赵文武,刘月,冯强,王亚萍,杨思琪.人地系统耦合框架下的生态系统服务.地理科学进展,2018,37(1):139-151.
[30] Huang J,Tichit M,Poulot M,Darly S,Li S C,Petit C,Aubry C.Comparative review of multifunctionality and ecosystem services in sustainable agriculture.Journal of Environmental Management,2015,149:138-147.
[31] Holt A R,Alix A,Thompson A,Maltby L.Food production,ecosystem services and biodiversity:we can′t have it all everywhere.Science of the Total Environment,2016,573:1422-1429.
[32] Smith H F,Sullivan C A.Ecosystem services within agricultural landscapes—farmers′ perceptions.Ecological Economics,2014,98:72-80.
[33] Bernués A,Rodríguez-Ortega T,Alfnes F,Clemetsen M,Eik L O.Quantifying the multifunctionality of fjord and mountain agriculture by means of sociocultural and economic valuation of ecosystem services.Land Use Policy,2015,48:170-178.
[34] Willemen L,Veldkamp A,Verburg P H,Hein L,Leemans R.A multi-scale modelling approach for analysing landscape service dynamics.Journal of Environmental Management,2012,100:86-95.
[35] Peng J,Liu Y X,Liu Z C,Yang Y.Mapping spatial non-stationarity of human-natural factors associated with agricultural landscape multifunctionality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,China.Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,2017,246:221-233.
[36] Landis D A.Designing agricultural landscapes for biodiversity-based ecosystem services.Basic and Applied Ecology,2017,18:1-12.
[37] Von Haaren C,Saathoff W,Galler C.Integrating climate protection and mitigation functions with other landscape functions in rural areas:a landscape planning approach.Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,2012,55(1):59-76.
[38] Nilsson L,Andersson G K S,Birkhofer K,Smith H G.Ignoring ecosystem-service cascades undermines policy for multifunctional agricultural landscapes.Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution,2017,5:109.
[39] Yang Z S,Cai J M,Sliuzas R.Agro-tourism enterprises as a form of multi-functional urban agriculture for peri-urban development in China.Habitat International,2010,34(4):374-385.
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