宁夏荒漠草原枯落物分解过程中植物营养元素变化特征
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摘要
以宁夏荒漠草原优势植物赖草(Leymus secalinus)、胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor)及二者混合物为研究对象,采用分解袋法研究了不同处理间植物枯落物营养元素残留率变化特征,旨在揭示荒漠草原优势植物枯落物分解过程中营养元素变化规律。结果显示,(1)随着分解时间变化,P在3种处理植物枯落物中均呈"释放-富集-释放"的规律;K在胡枝子和混合枯落物中呈"释放-富集-释放"的规律,而在赖草枯落物中则仅表现为释放现象;N在赖草和胡枝子枯落物中呈"释放-富集-释放"的规律,而在混合枯落物中则仅表现为释放现象。(2)经过640d分解,P和K残留率表现为胡枝子枯落物>赖草枯落物>混合枯落物,N残留率表现为赖草枯落物>混合枯落物>胡枝子枯落物。(3)经过640 d分解,植物枯落物P、K和N在3种处理间整体上呈净释放状态。研究表明,宁夏荒漠草原植物枯落物营养元素变化特征与植物种的差异性密切相关;混合植物枯落物P和K释放率高于单一种植物枯落物,而N释放率表现为胡枝子枯落物高于赖草及二者混合枯落物。
An investigation on nutrient elemental residual rate of plant litter of dominant Leymus secalinus, Lespedeza bicolor and their mixture was carried on by the method of litterbag sampling. The objective of the present study is to probe into the changes of plant nutrient element during litter decomposition process in desertified steppe of Ningxia. The results showed:(1) As the decomposition time changed, there was an alternatives of "release-accumulation-release" course of plant P in three litter treatments.There was an alternative of "release-accumulation-release" course of plant K in L. bicolor and their mixture litter, whereas there was a "release" course of plant K in L. secalinus litter. There was an alternative of "release-accumulation-release" course of plant N in L.bicolor and L. secalinus litter, whereas there was a "release" course of plant N in in their mixture litter.(2) At the sampling time of 640 days, the residual rate of plant litter P and K was found to follow an order of L. bicolor>L. secalinus>mixture, whereas plant litter N was found to follow an order of L. secalinus>mixture>L. bicolor. And(3) during the whole decomposition process, plant litter P, K and N were found to indicate a "release" course in three treatments. It was concluded that the changes of nutrient element was closely related to litter differences in terms of plant species. The release rate of plant P and K in mixture litter was suggested to be greater compared with single plant litter, whereas that of plant N in L. bicolor litter was suggested to be greater compared with L.secalinus and their mixture litter.
An investigation on nutrient elemental residual rate of plant litter of dominant Leymus secalinus, Lespedeza bicolor and their mixture was carried on by the method of litterbag sampling. The objective of the present study is to probe into the changes of plant nutrient element during litter decomposition process in desertified steppe of Ningxia. The results showed:(1) As the decomposition time changed, there was an alternatives of "release-accumulation-release" course of plant P in three litter treatments.There was an alternative of "release-accumulation-release" course of plant K in L. bicolor and their mixture litter, whereas there was a "release" course of plant K in L. secalinus litter. There was an alternative of "release-accumulation-release" course of plant N in L.bicolor and L. secalinus litter, whereas there was a "release" course of plant N in in their mixture litter.(2) At the sampling time of 640 days, the residual rate of plant litter P and K was found to follow an order of L. bicolor>L. secalinus>mixture, whereas plant litter N was found to follow an order of L. secalinus>mixture>L. bicolor. And(3) during the whole decomposition process, plant litter P, K and N were found to indicate a "release" course in three treatments. It was concluded that the changes of nutrient element was closely related to litter differences in terms of plant species. The release rate of plant P and K in mixture litter was suggested to be greater compared with single plant litter, whereas that of plant N in L. bicolor litter was suggested to be greater compared with L.secalinus and their mixture litter.
引文
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文海燕,傅华,郭丁,2017.黄土高原典型草原优势植物凋落物分解及养分释放对氮添加的响应[J].生态学报,37(6):2014-2022.
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杨继松,刘景双,于君宝,等,2006.三江平原沼泽湿地枯落物分解及其营养动态[J].生态学报,26(5):1297-1302.YANG J S,LIU J S,YU J B,et al.,2006.Decomposition and nutrient dynamics of marsh litter in the Sanjiang Plain,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,26(5):1297-1302.
魏江明,王立新,刘东伟,等,2016.乌梁素海芦苇枯落物分解动态及营养元素释放研究[J].安全与环境学报,16(5):364-370.WEI J M,WANG L X,LIU D W,et al.,2016.On the decomposition dynamics and nutrient release of Phragmites australis litter in Wuliangsu Lake[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,16(5):364-370.
章广琦,张萍,陈云明,等,2018.黄土丘陵区刺槐与油松人工林生态系统生态化学计量特征[J].生态学报,38(4):1328-1336.ZHANG G Q,ZHANG P,CHEN Y M,et al.,2018.Stoichiometric characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis plantation ecosystems in the Loess hilly-gully region,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,38(4):1328-1336.
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杨玉海,郑路,段永照,2011.干旱区人工防护林带不同林分凋落叶分解及养分释放[J].应用生态学报,22(6):1389-1394.YANG Y H,ZHENG L,DAUN Y Z,2011.Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient release of different stand types in a shelter belt in Xin-jiang arid area[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,22(6):1389-1394.
刘诚诚,2014.模拟氮沉降和凋落物组成对柳杉人工林凋落物层土壤动物多样性的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学:1-50.LIU C C,2014.Effect of simulated nitrogen decomposition and litter composition on soil animal diversity in litter layer of Cryptomeriafortunei plantation[D].YaAn:SiChuan Agricultural University:1-50.
赵勇,苗蕾,孙聪楠,等,2010.树木枯落叶在河流水体中的分解及氮、磷释放动态[J].水土保持学报,24(1):172-175.ZHAO Y,MIAO L,SUN C N,et al.,2010.Trends of defoliation decomposition and nitrogen and phosphorus release in river water[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,24(1):172-175.
孙志高,刘景双,于君宝,2008.模拟湿地水分变化对小叶章枯落物分解及氮动态影响[J].环境科学,29(8):2081-2093.SUN Z G,LIU J S,YU J B,2008.Effects of simulated wetland water change on the decomposition and nitrogen dynamics of Calamagrostis angustifolia litter[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,29(8):2081-2093.
殷秀琴,宋博,邱丽丽,2006.红松阔叶混交林凋落物-土壤动物-土壤系统中N、P、K的动态特征[J].生态学报,27(1):128-134.YIN X Q,SONG B,QIU L L,2006.Dynamic characteristics of N,P,K in the litter-soil fauna-soil system of mixed Pinus koraiensis and broad-leaved forest[J].Acta Ecologica Sinnca,27(1):128-134.
刘任涛,赵哈林,赵学勇,2013.半干旱区草地土壤动物多样性的季节变化及其与温湿度的关系[J].干旱区资源与环境,27(1):97-101.LIU R T,ZHAO H L,ZHAO X Y,2013.Seasonal changes of soil faunal diversity and its relation to temperature and moisture in semi-arid grassland,North China[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,27(1):97-101.
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ZHANG C H,LI S G,ZHANG L M,et al.,2013.Effects of Species and Low Dose Nitrogen Addition on Litter Decomposition of Three Dominant Grasses in Hulun Buir Meadow Steppe[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,4(1):20-26.
LIU P,HUANG J H,SONG J X,2010.Litter decomposition and nutrient release as affect by soil nitrogen availability and litter quality in a semiarid grassland ecosystem[J].Oecologia,162(3):771-780.
SANTONJA M,FERNANDEZ C,GAUQUELIN T,et al.,2015.Climate change effects on litter decomposition:intensive drought leads to a strong decrease of litter mixture interactions[J].Plant&Soil,393(1-2):69-82.
GESSNER M O,2000.Breakdown and nutrient dynamics of submerged Phragmites,shoots in the littoral zone of a temperate hardwater lake[J].Aquatic Botany,66(1):9-20.
FERREIRA V,CASTAGNEYROL B,KORICHEVA J,et al.,2015.Ameta-analysis of the effects of nutrient enrichment on litter decomposition in streams[J].Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,90(3):669-688.
VAN DER VALK A G,ATTIVILL P M,1983.Above-and below-ground litter decomposition in an Australian salt marsh[J].Austral Journal of Ecology,8(4):441-447.
阎欣,安慧,2018.土壤非保护性有机碳对荒漠草原沙漠化的响应[J].生态学报,38(8):2847-2854.YAN X,AN H,2018.Response of unprotected soil organic carbon to desertification in desert grassland[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,38(8):2847-2854.
魏子上,李慧燕,李科利,等,2017.模拟N沉降和埋土对黄顶菊凋落物分解及养分释放的影响[J].生态学杂志,36(9):2412-2422.WEI Z S,LI H Y,LI K L,et al.,2017.Effects of simulated Ndeposition and burial on Flaveria bidentis litter decomposition and nutrient release[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,36(9):2412-2422.
黎锦涛,孙学凯,胡亚林,等,2017.干湿交替对科尔沁沙地人工林叶凋落物分解和养分释放的影响[J].应用生态学报,28(6):1743-1752.LI J T,SUN X K,HU Y L,et al.,2017.Effects of drying-rewetting on leaf litter decomposition and nutrient releases in forest plantations in Horqin Sandy Land,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,28(6):1743-1752.
李强,周道玮,陈笑莹,2014.地上枯落物的累积、分解及其在陆地生态系统中的作用[J].生态学报,34(14):3807-3819.LI Q,ZHOU D W,CHEN X Y,2014.The accumulation decomposition and ecological effects of above-ground litter in terrestrial ecosystem[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,34(14):3807-3819.
张雪雯,2014.干湿交替对若尔盖湿地枯落物和土壤有机质分解的影响[D].北京:北京林业大学:1-69.ZANG X W,2014.Effect of drying-rewetting on litter and soil organic matter decomposition in Zoige Wetland[D].BeiJing:BeiJing Forestry University:1-69.
卢玉鹏,许纪元,张晓曦,等,2017.林下药用植物淋出物对红桦和杜仲枯落物分解及土壤酶活性的影响[J].植物生态学报,41(6):639-649.LU Y P,XU J Y,ZHANG X X,et al.,2017.Effects of leachate from understory medicinal plants on litter decomposition and soil enzyme activities of Betula albo-sinensis and Eucommia ulmoides[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,41(6):639-649.
周晓兵,陶冶,张元明,2018.塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘荒漠绿洲过渡带不同土地利用影响下优势植物化学计量特征[J].草业学报,27(5):15-26.ZHOU X B,TAO Y,ZHANG Y M,2018.The C,N and Pstoichiometry of dominant species in different land use types in a desert-oasis ecotone of the Southern Taklimakan Desert[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,27(5):15-26.
文海燕,傅华,郭丁,2017.黄土高原典型草原优势植物凋落物分解及养分释放对氮添加的响应[J].生态学报,37(6):2014-2022.
WEN H Y,FU H,GUO D,2017.Influence of nitrogen addition on Stipa bungeana and Heteropappus altaicus litter decomposition and nutrient release in a steppe located on the Loess Plateau[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,37(6):2014-2022.
陈婷,郗敏,孔范龙,等,2016.枯落物分解及其影响因素[J].生态学杂志,35(7):1927-1935.CHEN T,XI M,KONG F L,et al.,2016.A review on litter decomposition and influence factors[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,35(7):1927-1935.
仝川,刘白贵,2009.不同水淹环境下河口感潮湿地枯落物分解及营养动态[J].地理研究,28(1):118-128.TONG C,LIU B G,2009.Litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics in different tidal water submergence environments of estuarine tidal wetland[J].Geographical Research,28(1):118-128.
杨继松,刘景双,于君宝,等,2006.三江平原沼泽湿地枯落物分解及其营养动态[J].生态学报,26(5):1297-1302.YANG J S,LIU J S,YU J B,et al.,2006.Decomposition and nutrient dynamics of marsh litter in the Sanjiang Plain,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,26(5):1297-1302.
魏江明,王立新,刘东伟,等,2016.乌梁素海芦苇枯落物分解动态及营养元素释放研究[J].安全与环境学报,16(5):364-370.WEI J M,WANG L X,LIU D W,et al.,2016.On the decomposition dynamics and nutrient release of Phragmites australis litter in Wuliangsu Lake[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,16(5):364-370.
章广琦,张萍,陈云明,等,2018.黄土丘陵区刺槐与油松人工林生态系统生态化学计量特征[J].生态学报,38(4):1328-1336.ZHANG G Q,ZHANG P,CHEN Y M,et al.,2018.Stoichiometric characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus tabuliformis plantation ecosystems in the Loess hilly-gully region,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,38(4):1328-1336.
李学斌,陈林,樊瑞霞,等,2015.围封条件下荒漠草原4种典型植物群落枯落物输入对土壤理化性质的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),41(1):101-110.LI X B,CHEN L,FAN R X,et al.,2015.Effects of four typical plant community litter input on soil physical and chemical properties under the fenced condition in desert steppe[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture&Life Sciences),41(1):101-110.
杨玉海,郑路,段永照,2011.干旱区人工防护林带不同林分凋落叶分解及养分释放[J].应用生态学报,22(6):1389-1394.YANG Y H,ZHENG L,DAUN Y Z,2011.Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient release of different stand types in a shelter belt in Xin-jiang arid area[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,22(6):1389-1394.
刘诚诚,2014.模拟氮沉降和凋落物组成对柳杉人工林凋落物层土壤动物多样性的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学:1-50.LIU C C,2014.Effect of simulated nitrogen decomposition and litter composition on soil animal diversity in litter layer of Cryptomeriafortunei plantation[D].YaAn:SiChuan Agricultural University:1-50.
赵勇,苗蕾,孙聪楠,等,2010.树木枯落叶在河流水体中的分解及氮、磷释放动态[J].水土保持学报,24(1):172-175.ZHAO Y,MIAO L,SUN C N,et al.,2010.Trends of defoliation decomposition and nitrogen and phosphorus release in river water[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,24(1):172-175.
孙志高,刘景双,于君宝,2008.模拟湿地水分变化对小叶章枯落物分解及氮动态影响[J].环境科学,29(8):2081-2093.SUN Z G,LIU J S,YU J B,2008.Effects of simulated wetland water change on the decomposition and nitrogen dynamics of Calamagrostis angustifolia litter[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,29(8):2081-2093.
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