埃及阿布吉拉迪盆地下白垩统三角洲碎屑岩储层特征及控制因素——以Alam El Shawish West区块为例
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摘要
针对埃及阿布吉拉迪盆地Alam El Shawish West(AESW)区块下白垩统Kharita组三角洲碎屑岩储层特征认识不明确,预测难度大等问题,综合利用岩心、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、物性分析、地震及测井等资料,对砂岩储层特征及控制因素进行了研究。结果表明:Kharita组砂岩以石英砂岩为主,成分及结构成熟度较高。剩余原生粒间孔、次生的粒间及粒内溶孔为主要储集空间,形成以孔隙型为主的砂岩储层。储层发育及分布明显受沉积古地貌、沉积层序、沉积微相及成岩作用等多种因素控制。沉积古地貌低部位砂岩储层厚度大,分布范围广,易于形成规模型砂岩储集体。砂岩储层主要发育于水进体系域内部,厚度较大且物性较好。三角洲前缘水下分支河道及分支河口坝微相物性条件好,席状砂、支流间湾及前三角洲泥等微相较差。压实及胶结作用导致储层物性变差,溶蚀作用对储层物性具有重要的改善作用,所形成的次生粒间及粒内溶孔为重要的储集空间。
Aiming at the unclear delta clastic reservoir characteristics and prediction difficulty of lower Cretaceous Kharita Formation in the Alam El Shawish West( AESW) Block,Abu Gharadiq Basin,Egypt,the reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors were studied based on core samples,casting thin sections,scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction,physical property analysis,seismic,and well logging data. The results show that the sandstones are dominated by quartz sandstones with high composition maturity and texture maturity. Residual primary intergranular pores,secondary intergranular and intragranular dissolved pores serve as the important reservoir spaces,thus forming the porous reservoirs. The development and distribution of reservoirs are obviously controlled by the paleotopography,sedimentary sequences,sedimentary microfacies,and diagenesis. Sandstone reservoirs are thick and continuous distributed laterally in the low palaeogeomorphic parts,where can form largescale sandstone reservoirs. Reservoirs are mainly developed in the transgressive systems tracts with large thickness and good physical conditions. The submerged distributary channels and branched mouth bars have better physical properities,while the sheet sand,tributary bay and predelta mud microfacies are poorer. Mechanical compaction and cementation are destructive to petrophysical properties,dissolutions have important effects on reservoir improvement,the intergranular and intragranular dissolved pores serve as important reservoir spaces.
Aiming at the unclear delta clastic reservoir characteristics and prediction difficulty of lower Cretaceous Kharita Formation in the Alam El Shawish West( AESW) Block,Abu Gharadiq Basin,Egypt,the reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors were studied based on core samples,casting thin sections,scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction,physical property analysis,seismic,and well logging data. The results show that the sandstones are dominated by quartz sandstones with high composition maturity and texture maturity. Residual primary intergranular pores,secondary intergranular and intragranular dissolved pores serve as the important reservoir spaces,thus forming the porous reservoirs. The development and distribution of reservoirs are obviously controlled by the paleotopography,sedimentary sequences,sedimentary microfacies,and diagenesis. Sandstone reservoirs are thick and continuous distributed laterally in the low palaeogeomorphic parts,where can form largescale sandstone reservoirs. Reservoirs are mainly developed in the transgressive systems tracts with large thickness and good physical conditions. The submerged distributary channels and branched mouth bars have better physical properities,while the sheet sand,tributary bay and predelta mud microfacies are poorer. Mechanical compaction and cementation are destructive to petrophysical properties,dissolutions have important effects on reservoir improvement,the intergranular and intragranular dissolved pores serve as important reservoir spaces.
引文
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25 IHS.Abu Gharadig Basin,Egypt[R].Englewood:IHS Energy,2011
26 Sarhan M A.Seismic-wireline logs sequence stratigraphic analyses and geologic evolution for the Upper Cretaceous succession of Abu Gharadig basin,Egypt[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2017,129:469-480
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2 Guzmán-Vega M A,Ortíz L C,Román-Ramos J R,et al.Classification and origin of petroleum in the Mexican Gulf Coast Basin:An overview[J].AAPG Memoir,2001,75:127-142
3 Corredor F,Shaw J H,Bilotti F.Structural styles in the deep-water fold and thrust belts of the Niger Delta[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(6):753-780
4邓荣敬,邓运华,于水,等.尼日尔三角洲盆地油气地质与成藏特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(6),755-762Deng Rongjing,Deng Yunhua,Yu Shui,et al.Hydrocarbon geology and reservoir formation characteristics of Niger Delta Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(6):755-762
5朱筱敏,刘媛,方庆,等.大型坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲形成条件和沉积模式:以松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶余油层为例[J].地学前缘,2012,19(1):89-99Zhu Xiaomin,Liu Yuan,Fang Qing,et al.Formation and sedimentary model od shallow delta in large-scale lake:Example from Cretaceous Quantou Formation in Sanzhao Sag,Songliao Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(1):89-99
6孙雨,赵丹,于利民,等.浅水湖盆河控三角洲前缘砂体分布特征与沉积模式探讨---以松辽盆地北部永乐地区葡萄花油层为例[J].沉积学报,2015,33(3):439-447Sun Yu,Zhao Dan,Yu Limin,et al.Sandbody distribution and sedimentary model in shallow lacustrine fluvial-dominated delta front:Acase study from Putaohua oil layer of Yongle area in Songliao Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(3):439-447
7邓庆杰,胡明毅,胡忠贵,等.浅水三角洲分流河道砂体沉积特征---以松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶Ⅱ-Ⅰ组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(1):118-127Deng Qingjie,Hu Mingyi,Hu Zhonggui,et al.Sedimentary characteristics of shallow-water delta distributary channel sand bodies:Acase fromⅡ-ⅠFormation of Fuyu oil layer in the Sanzhao Depression,Songliao Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(1):118-127
8董月霞,杨赏,陈蕾,等.渤海湾盆地辫状河三角洲沉积与深部储集层特征---以南堡凹陷南部古近系沙一段为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(4):385-392Dong Yuexia,Yang Shang,Chen Lei,et al.Braided river delta deposition and deep reservoir characteristics in Bohai Bay Basin:A case study of Paleogene Sha 1 Member in the south area of Nanpu Sag[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(4):385-392
9钟怡江,陈洪德,徐长贵,等.辽东湾坳陷新近系馆陶组浅水三角洲的发现及其油气勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(3):499-507Zhong Yijiang,Chen Hongde,Xu Changgui,et al.Discovery of shallow-water delta in the Neogene Guantao Formation in the Liaodong Bay Depression and its significance for oil and gas exploration[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(3):499-507
10朱筱敏,邓秀芹,刘自亮,等.大型坳陷湖盆浅水辫状河三角洲沉积特征及模式:以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组为例[J].地学前缘,2013,20(2):19-28Zhu Xiaomin,Deng Xiuqin,Liu Ziliang,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and model of shallow braided delta in large-scale lacustrine:An example from Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2013;20(2):19-28
11李爱荣,王维喜,武富礼,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延安三角洲长4+5和长6油气聚集模式[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(5):667-671Li Airong,Wang Weixi,Wu Fuli,et al.Oil accumulation patterns of Chang 4+5 and Chang 6 in Yan’an delta,Ordos Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(5):667-671
12席胜利,刘新社,孟培龙.鄂尔多斯盆地大气区的勘探实践与前瞻[J].天然气工业,2015,35(8):1-9Xi Shengli,Liu Xinshe,Meng Peilong.Exploration practices and prospect of Upper Paleozoic giant gas field in the Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(8):1-9
13朱如凯,赵霞,刘柳红,等.四川盆地须家河组沉积体系与有利储集层分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):46-55Zhu Rukai,Zhao Xia,Liu Liuhong,et al.Depositional system and favorable reservoir distribution of Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(1):46-55
14赵文智,卞从胜,徐春春,等.四川盆地须家河组须一、三和五段天然气源内成藏潜力与有利区评价[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(4):385-393Zhao Wenzhi,Bian Congsheng,Xu Chunchun,et al.Assessment on gas accumulation potential and favorable plays within the Xu-1,3and 5 Members of Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(4),385-393
15 Purkait B,Majumdar D D.Distinguishing different sedimentary facies in a deltaic system[J].Sedimentary Geology,2014,308:53-62
16 Martini I,Sandrelli F.Facies analysis of a Pliocene river-dominated deltaic succession(Siena Basin,Italy):Implications for the formation and infilling of terminal distributary channels[J].Sedimentology,2015,62(1):234-265
17 Anton M,Andrei M,Arjan D L,et al.Facies analysis of the Balta Formation:Evidence for a large late Miocene fluvio-deltaic system in the East Carpathian Foreland[J].Sedimentology,2016,343:165-189
18 Xi K L,Cao Y C,Haile B G,et al.How does the pore-throat size control the reservoir quality and oiliness of tight sandstones?The case of the Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation in the southern Songliao Basin,China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,76:1-15
19 Onuh H M,David O O,Onuh C Y.Modified reservoir quality indicator methodology for improved hydraulic flow unit characterization using the normalized pore throat methodology(Niger Delta field as case study)[J].Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology,2017,7(2):409-416
20 Umar M,Friis H,Khan A S,et al.The effects of diagenesis on the reservoir characters in sandstones of the Late Cretaceous Pab Formation,Kirthar Fold Belt,southern Pakistan[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011;40(2):622-635
21 Rahman M J J,Worden R H.Diagenesis and its impact on the reservoir quality of Miocene sandstones(Surma Group)from the Bengal Basin,Bangladesh[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,77:898-915
22 Lai J,Wang G W,Chai Y,et al.Deep burial diagenesis and reservoir quality evolution of high-temperature,high-pressure sandstones:Examples from Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Keshen area,Kuqa depression,Tarim basin of China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2017,101(6):829-862
23 Iboyi M,Odedede O.Depositional and diagenetic controls on reservoir characteristics of X-well and K-well,Ogban Field,Niger Delta[J].Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering,2014,39(1):413-422
24 Lan C L,Yang M H,Zhang Y Z.Impact of sequence stratigraphy,depositional facies and diagenesis on reservoir quality:A case study on the Pennsylvanian Taiyuan sandstones,northeastern Ordos Basin,China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,69:216-230
25 IHS.Abu Gharadig Basin,Egypt[R].Englewood:IHS Energy,2011
26 Sarhan M A.Seismic-wireline logs sequence stratigraphic analyses and geologic evolution for the Upper Cretaceous succession of Abu Gharadig basin,Egypt[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2017,129:469-480
27华东石油学院岩矿教研室.沉积岩石学[M].北京:地质出版社,1982:112-114Department of Petrology and Mineralogy of East China Petroleum Institute.Sedimentary petrology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1982:112-114
28付晶,吴胜和,李桢,等.陇东地区延长组层序格架内储层质量差异及其控制因素[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(8):3293-3301Fu Jing,Wu Shenghe,Li Zhen,et al.Differences and controlling factors of reservoir quality within sequence stratigraphic framework of Yanchang Formation in Longdong Area,Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(8):3293-3301
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