区域创新生态系统共生对地区科技创新影响研究
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摘要
建设创新生态系统并发挥共生效应是推动地区科技创新发展的首选战略。结合2007-2015年中国30个省市相关数据,利用共生测度模型计算我国区域创新生态系统共生度,并进一步建立静态和动态面板数据模型,实证分析区域创新生态系统共生与科技创新绩效间的关系。研究结果表明:我国区域创新生态系统共生度整体呈"U"型发展特征,东部地区远高于中西部地区,地区间差异较大且下降幅度微弱;短期内创新生态系统共生对科技创新的促进作用相对较弱,共生单元的作用效果并不显著,而长期内创新生态系统共生的正向驱动效应明显放大,且共生单元呈负向抑制作用;地区科技创新的累积效应明显,共生基质、共生平台和共生环境始终对科技创新具有正向驱动作用,而共生网络的正向驱动效应均不明显。
Building the innovation ecosystem and playing a symbiotic role is the preferred strategy for promoting the development of regional sci-tech innovation. Combined with relevant data from 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2015, the symbiosis level of China's regional innovation ecosystem using the symbiotic measurement model is measured, and the relationship between regional innovation ecosystem symbiosis and sci-tech innovation is empirically analyzed by establishing the static and dynamic panel data model. The results show that: the symbiosis degree of regional innovation ecosystem is generally characterized by "U", the eastern region is much higher than the central and western regions, the regional differences are large and the decline is still weak. In the short term, innovation ecosystem symbiosis has a relatively weak role in promoting sci-tech innovation, and the effect of symbiosis unit is not significant, in the long term, the positive driving effect of innovation ecosystem symbiosis is obviously amplified, and the symbiosis unit has a negative inhibitory effect on sci-tech innovation. The accumulative effects of sci-tech innovation are obvious, the symbiosis matrix, symbiosis platform, and symbiosis environment always have positive driving effects on sci-tech innovation, and the positive driving effects of symbiosis network is not obvious.
Building the innovation ecosystem and playing a symbiotic role is the preferred strategy for promoting the development of regional sci-tech innovation. Combined with relevant data from 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2015, the symbiosis level of China's regional innovation ecosystem using the symbiotic measurement model is measured, and the relationship between regional innovation ecosystem symbiosis and sci-tech innovation is empirically analyzed by establishing the static and dynamic panel data model. The results show that: the symbiosis degree of regional innovation ecosystem is generally characterized by "U", the eastern region is much higher than the central and western regions, the regional differences are large and the decline is still weak. In the short term, innovation ecosystem symbiosis has a relatively weak role in promoting sci-tech innovation, and the effect of symbiosis unit is not significant, in the long term, the positive driving effect of innovation ecosystem symbiosis is obviously amplified, and the symbiosis unit has a negative inhibitory effect on sci-tech innovation. The accumulative effects of sci-tech innovation are obvious, the symbiosis matrix, symbiosis platform, and symbiosis environment always have positive driving effects on sci-tech innovation, and the positive driving effects of symbiosis network is not obvious.
引文
[1] 冯之浚,刘燕华,方新,等.创新是发展的根本动力[J].科研管理,2015,36(11):1-10.
[2] 柳卸林,丁雪辰,高雨辰.从创新生态系统看中国如何建成世界科技强国[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2018,39(3):3-15.
[3] 吕一博,韩少杰,苏敬勤,等.大学驱动型开放式创新生态系统的构建研究[J].管理评论,2017,29(4):68-82.
[4] Iansiti M,Levien R.Strategy as ecology[J].Harvard Business Review,2004,82(3):68.
[5] Adner R.Match your innovation strategy to your innovation ecosystem[J].Harvard Business Review,2006,84(4):98.
[6] 欧忠辉,朱祖平,夏敏,等.创新生态系统共生演化模型及仿真研究[J].科研管理,2017,38(12):49-57.
[7] 黄鲁成.区域技术创新生态系统的特征[J].中国科技论坛,2003,(1):23-26.
[8] 何向武,周文泳.区域高技术产业创新生态系统协同性分类评价[J].科学学研究,2018,36(3):541-549.
[9] den Hartigh E,Tol M,Visscher W.The Health Measurement of a Business Ecosystem[C].Proceedings of the European Network on Chaos and Complexity Research and Management Practice Meeting,2006:1-39.
[10] 周青,陈畴镛.中国区域技术创新生态系统适宜度的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2008,26(S1):242-246,223.
[11] 刘志春,陈向东.科技园区创新生态系统与创新效率关系研究[J].科研管理,2015,36(2):26-31,144.
[12] Durst S,Poutanen P.Success factors of innovation ecosystems-Initial insights from a literature review[C].Proceedings of Co-Create 2013:The Boundary-Crossing Conference on Co-Design in Innovation.Espoo,Finland:Aalto University,2013:16-19.
[13] 刘洪久,胡彦蓉,马卫民.区域创新生态系统适宜度与经济发展的关系研究[J].中国管理科学,2013,21(S2):764-770.
[14] 王发明,朱美娟.创新生态系统价值共创行为影响因素分析——基于计划行为理论[J].科学学研究,2018,36(2):370-377.
[15] Bettencourt L M A,Lobo J,Strumsky D.Invention in the city:Increasing returns to patenting as a scaling function of metropolitan size[J].Research Policy,2007,36(1):107-120.
[16] 张玉喜,赵丽丽.中国科技金融投入对科技创新的作用效果——基于静态和动态面板数据模型的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2015,33(2):177-184,214.
[17] Pellegrino G,Piva M,Vivarelli M.Young firms and innovation:A microeconometric analysis[J].Structural Change and Economic Dynamics,2012,23(4):329-340.
[18] 白俊红,蒋伏心.协同创新、空间关联与区域创新绩效[J].经济研究,2015,50(7):174-187.
[19] Douglas A E.The symbiotic Habit[J].Bioscience,2015,61(4):326-327.
[20] Li Y R.The technological roadmap of Cisco's business ecosystem[J].Technovation,2009,29(5):379-386.
[21] Artz G.Innovation system symbiosis:The impact of virtual entrepreneurial teams on integrated innovation and regional innovation systems[J].Integrating Innovation:South Australian Entrepreneurship Systems and Strategies,2015:91-118.
[22] 温兴琦,黄起海,BROWN David.共生创新系统:结构层次、运行机理与政策启示[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016,37(3):79-85.
[23] 桂起权,陈群.从复杂性系统科学视角支持共生与协同[J].系统科学学报,2014,22(1):9-15,20.
[24] 朱俊成.长三角地区多中心及其共生与协同发展研究[J].公共管理学报,2010,7(4):39-48,124.
[25] 叶斌,陈丽玉.基于网络DEA的区域创新网络共生效率评价[J].中国软科学,2016,(7):100-108.
[26] Arellano M,Bond S.Some tests of specification for panel data:Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations[J].The review of economic studies,1991,58(2):277-297.
① 变异系数(CV)计算公式为:CV=(∑i=1n(Xi-X)2/N)~(1/2),变异系数值越小,表示地区间差异越小,由公式计算所得2008-2015年我国创新生态共生CV值分别为:1.38、0.88、1.55、1.25、0.79、0.70、1.09、0.76。
[2] 柳卸林,丁雪辰,高雨辰.从创新生态系统看中国如何建成世界科技强国[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2018,39(3):3-15.
[3] 吕一博,韩少杰,苏敬勤,等.大学驱动型开放式创新生态系统的构建研究[J].管理评论,2017,29(4):68-82.
[4] Iansiti M,Levien R.Strategy as ecology[J].Harvard Business Review,2004,82(3):68.
[5] Adner R.Match your innovation strategy to your innovation ecosystem[J].Harvard Business Review,2006,84(4):98.
[6] 欧忠辉,朱祖平,夏敏,等.创新生态系统共生演化模型及仿真研究[J].科研管理,2017,38(12):49-57.
[7] 黄鲁成.区域技术创新生态系统的特征[J].中国科技论坛,2003,(1):23-26.
[8] 何向武,周文泳.区域高技术产业创新生态系统协同性分类评价[J].科学学研究,2018,36(3):541-549.
[9] den Hartigh E,Tol M,Visscher W.The Health Measurement of a Business Ecosystem[C].Proceedings of the European Network on Chaos and Complexity Research and Management Practice Meeting,2006:1-39.
[10] 周青,陈畴镛.中国区域技术创新生态系统适宜度的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2008,26(S1):242-246,223.
[11] 刘志春,陈向东.科技园区创新生态系统与创新效率关系研究[J].科研管理,2015,36(2):26-31,144.
[12] Durst S,Poutanen P.Success factors of innovation ecosystems-Initial insights from a literature review[C].Proceedings of Co-Create 2013:The Boundary-Crossing Conference on Co-Design in Innovation.Espoo,Finland:Aalto University,2013:16-19.
[13] 刘洪久,胡彦蓉,马卫民.区域创新生态系统适宜度与经济发展的关系研究[J].中国管理科学,2013,21(S2):764-770.
[14] 王发明,朱美娟.创新生态系统价值共创行为影响因素分析——基于计划行为理论[J].科学学研究,2018,36(2):370-377.
[15] Bettencourt L M A,Lobo J,Strumsky D.Invention in the city:Increasing returns to patenting as a scaling function of metropolitan size[J].Research Policy,2007,36(1):107-120.
[16] 张玉喜,赵丽丽.中国科技金融投入对科技创新的作用效果——基于静态和动态面板数据模型的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2015,33(2):177-184,214.
[17] Pellegrino G,Piva M,Vivarelli M.Young firms and innovation:A microeconometric analysis[J].Structural Change and Economic Dynamics,2012,23(4):329-340.
[18] 白俊红,蒋伏心.协同创新、空间关联与区域创新绩效[J].经济研究,2015,50(7):174-187.
[19] Douglas A E.The symbiotic Habit[J].Bioscience,2015,61(4):326-327.
[20] Li Y R.The technological roadmap of Cisco's business ecosystem[J].Technovation,2009,29(5):379-386.
[21] Artz G.Innovation system symbiosis:The impact of virtual entrepreneurial teams on integrated innovation and regional innovation systems[J].Integrating Innovation:South Australian Entrepreneurship Systems and Strategies,2015:91-118.
[22] 温兴琦,黄起海,BROWN David.共生创新系统:结构层次、运行机理与政策启示[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016,37(3):79-85.
[23] 桂起权,陈群.从复杂性系统科学视角支持共生与协同[J].系统科学学报,2014,22(1):9-15,20.
[24] 朱俊成.长三角地区多中心及其共生与协同发展研究[J].公共管理学报,2010,7(4):39-48,124.
[25] 叶斌,陈丽玉.基于网络DEA的区域创新网络共生效率评价[J].中国软科学,2016,(7):100-108.
[26] Arellano M,Bond S.Some tests of specification for panel data:Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations[J].The review of economic studies,1991,58(2):277-297.
① 变异系数(CV)计算公式为:CV=(∑i=1n(Xi-X)2/N)~(1/2),变异系数值越小,表示地区间差异越小,由公式计算所得2008-2015年我国创新生态共生CV值分别为:1.38、0.88、1.55、1.25、0.79、0.70、1.09、0.76。
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