合作性学术研究及其绩效实证分析
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摘要
研究以2014年、2017年全球"高被引科学家"材料科学领域中国入选科学家为样本,采用描述统计、斯皮尔曼等级相关系数等方法主要对科学家与产业界合作性学术研究情况和趋势、合作性学术研究与其绩效的关系进行实证研究。结果表明:(1)科学家合作进行学术研究呈扩大趋势,与境内高校合作为主,与产业界合作加速;(2)与产业界合作研究的科学家学术绩效更好;(3)科学家合作性学术研究数量与绩效正相关关系显著,且指向"马太效应"。最后对以产学合作推动应用基础研究、科学家参与合作性研究等提出政策建议。
By taking Chinese scientists selected from the 2014 and 2017 global "highly cited scientists" in the field of materials science as an example, this paper uses descriptive statistics and Spellman rank correlation coefficient to make an empirical study on the trend of the scientists' cooperative academic research, and the relationship between cooperative academic research and its performance. The results show that:(1) scientists are expanding their academic research through cooperation, mainly cooperating with local universities and accelerating cooperation with industry;(2) scientists who collaborate with industry have better academic performance;(3) the positive correlation between the number of collaborative academic research and its performance is significant, and points to the Matthew effect.
By taking Chinese scientists selected from the 2014 and 2017 global "highly cited scientists" in the field of materials science as an example, this paper uses descriptive statistics and Spellman rank correlation coefficient to make an empirical study on the trend of the scientists' cooperative academic research, and the relationship between cooperative academic research and its performance. The results show that:(1) scientists are expanding their academic research through cooperation, mainly cooperating with local universities and accelerating cooperation with industry;(2) scientists who collaborate with industry have better academic performance;(3) the positive correlation between the number of collaborative academic research and its performance is significant, and points to the Matthew effect.
引文
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[17] Looy B V,Ranga M,Callaert J.Combining entrepreneurial and scientific performance in academia:Towards a compoundedand reciprocal Matthew-effect?[J].Research Policy,2004,33(3):425-441.
[18] 王凯,邹晓东,吕旭峰.欧美大学学者参与产学合作的程度、决定因素和影响——基于实证研究文献的探析[J].中国高教研究,2013,(7):57-61.
[19] 温珂,毛梦雪,苏宏宇,等.科学家与产业合作的矛盾心理及其影响[J].科学学研究,2016,34(7):967-976.
[20] 刘笑,陈强.产学合作数量与学术创新绩效关系[J].科技进步与对策,2017,34(20):51-56.
[21] Matkin G W.Technology transfer and public policy:Lessons from a case study [J].Policy Studies Journal,2010,22(2):371-383.
[22] D’Este P,Patel P.University-industry linkages in the UK:What are the factors underlying the variety of interactions with industry?[J].Research Policy,2007,55(9):1295-1313.
[23] Merton R K.The Matthew effect in science.The reward and communication systems of science considered[J].Science,1968,159 (3810):56-63.
[24] Merton R K.The Matthew effect in science,II.Cumulative advantage and the symbolism of intellectual property [J].Isis,1988,79 (4):606-623.
[25] 李大东,何鸣元.从应用基础研究到应用研究[J].世界科技研究与发展,1998,(2):18-20.
[2] Nelson R R.The market economy and the scientific commons[J].Research Policy,2004,33(3):455-471.
[3] Etzkowttz H.Conflicts of interest and commitment in academic science in the United States [J].Minerva,1996,34 (3):259-277.
[4] Azoulay P,Ding W,Stuart T.The determinants of faculty patenting behavior:Demographics or opportunities?[J].Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization,2007,63(4):599-623.
[5] Calderinia M,Franzonia C,Vezzullib A.If star scientists do not patent:The effect of productivity,basicness and impact on the decision to patent in the academic world[J].Research Policy,2007,36(3):303-319.
[6] Fabrizio K R,Minin A D.Commercializing the laboratory:Faculty patenting and the open science environment[J].Research Policy,2008,37(5):914-931.
[7] Florida R.Engine or Infrastructure?The University Role in Economic Development [M].Camprage,MA:MIT Press,1999.
[8] 尤·李比希.化学在农业和生理学上的应用[M].北京:农业出版社,1983.
[9] Etzkowttz H.Entrepreneurial science in the academy:A case of the transformation of norms [J].Social Problems,1989,36 (1):14-29.
[10] Merton R K.Science and technology in a democratic order[J].Journal of Legal & Political Sociology,1941,1 (1):115-126.
[11] Etzkowttz H.The norms of entrepreneurial science:Cognitive effects of the new university-industry linkages[J].Research Policy,1998,27 (8):823-833.
[12] Etzkowttz H.A research university in flux:University-industry interactions in two departments[R].A Report to the NSF,15 June,1984.
[13] Blumenthal D,Gluck M,Louis K S.University-industry research relationships in biotechnology:Implications for the university [J].Science,1986,232 (4756):1361-1366.
[14] Brooks H,Randazzese L P.University-industry relations:The next four years and beyond[D].USA:Carnegie Mellon University,1996.
[15] Powell W W,Owen-Smith J.Universities and the market for intellectual property in the life sciences [J].Journal of Policy Analysis and Management,1998,77(2):253-277.
[16] Haeussler C,Colyvas J A.Breaking the ivory tower:Academic entrepreneurship in the life sciences in UK and Germany [J].Research Policy,2011,40(1):41-54.
[17] Looy B V,Ranga M,Callaert J.Combining entrepreneurial and scientific performance in academia:Towards a compoundedand reciprocal Matthew-effect?[J].Research Policy,2004,33(3):425-441.
[18] 王凯,邹晓东,吕旭峰.欧美大学学者参与产学合作的程度、决定因素和影响——基于实证研究文献的探析[J].中国高教研究,2013,(7):57-61.
[19] 温珂,毛梦雪,苏宏宇,等.科学家与产业合作的矛盾心理及其影响[J].科学学研究,2016,34(7):967-976.
[20] 刘笑,陈强.产学合作数量与学术创新绩效关系[J].科技进步与对策,2017,34(20):51-56.
[21] Matkin G W.Technology transfer and public policy:Lessons from a case study [J].Policy Studies Journal,2010,22(2):371-383.
[22] D’Este P,Patel P.University-industry linkages in the UK:What are the factors underlying the variety of interactions with industry?[J].Research Policy,2007,55(9):1295-1313.
[23] Merton R K.The Matthew effect in science.The reward and communication systems of science considered[J].Science,1968,159 (3810):56-63.
[24] Merton R K.The Matthew effect in science,II.Cumulative advantage and the symbolism of intellectual property [J].Isis,1988,79 (4):606-623.
[25] 李大东,何鸣元.从应用基础研究到应用研究[J].世界科技研究与发展,1998,(2):18-20.
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