单裂隙砂岩蠕变模型参数时间尺度效应及颗粒流数值模拟研究
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摘要
深部高应力环境下硬岩的蠕变变形不可忽略,尤其是裂隙岩体的蠕变变形。为研究含裂隙硬岩的长期蠕变变形行为及蠕变模型,采用高速水射流技术在红砂岩试样中预制了一条贯穿的α=45°单裂隙。确定了该裂隙岩石在围压30 MPa下的三轴压缩强度,采用单级加载方式对试样进行长期压缩蠕变试验,蠕变应力水平约为峰值偏应力的80%。试验结果表明:经历539 h(约22 d)的含45°单裂隙红砂岩只出现衰减和稳态蠕变变形,未发生加速蠕变破坏。为描述裂隙岩石的蠕变变形,在Burgers模型基础上基于有效应力原理建立了考虑损伤的蠕变模型。通过最小二乘法得到的蠕变模型参数显示出显著的时间效应,据此提出了考虑时间尺度的损伤蠕变模型,该模型可以描述裂隙岩石在不同时间尺度下的蠕变变形。最后,采用颗粒流程序PFC~(2D)对试样的三轴压缩及蠕变进行了数值模拟,数值计算结果与试验结果吻合程度较高。研究工作为进一步研究裂隙硬岩的蠕变变形和模型提供了一定的参考价值。
The creep deformation behaviors of the hard rocks in deep high-stress environment, especially for the fractured hard rocks, cannot be neglected. To investigate the long-term creep deformation behaviors and the creep model for the fractured hard rock, the rocks with a single crack(α=45°) are obtained using the high speed water jet technology. The peak deviatoric stress(σ_p) of the fractured rock under a confinement of 30 MPa is obtained before single-step creep test. The applied creep deviatoric stress is approximately 80% of σp and the creep time is 539 h. The experimental results show that the fractured rock exhibits the primary and secondary creep deformations without the tertiary creep deformation and creep failure. To characterize the creep deformation behaviors of the fractured sandstone, a damage creep model based on the Burgers model and the effective stress principle is established. The parameters of the damage creep model determined by the least squares method show distinct time-scale effect. Therefore, a damage creep model considering time-scale effect is proposed to describe the creep deformation behaviors of the fractured hard rock under different time-scales. In contrast, the proposed model agrees well with the test data.Finally, the triaxial compressive tests and creep experiments are simulated using the particle flow code(PFC~(2D)). The numerical results agree well with the experimental ones. The research work may provide references for further investigations on the creep deformation behaviors and models for the fractured hard rock.
The creep deformation behaviors of the hard rocks in deep high-stress environment, especially for the fractured hard rocks, cannot be neglected. To investigate the long-term creep deformation behaviors and the creep model for the fractured hard rock, the rocks with a single crack(α=45°) are obtained using the high speed water jet technology. The peak deviatoric stress(σ_p) of the fractured rock under a confinement of 30 MPa is obtained before single-step creep test. The applied creep deviatoric stress is approximately 80% of σp and the creep time is 539 h. The experimental results show that the fractured rock exhibits the primary and secondary creep deformations without the tertiary creep deformation and creep failure. To characterize the creep deformation behaviors of the fractured sandstone, a damage creep model based on the Burgers model and the effective stress principle is established. The parameters of the damage creep model determined by the least squares method show distinct time-scale effect. Therefore, a damage creep model considering time-scale effect is proposed to describe the creep deformation behaviors of the fractured hard rock under different time-scales. In contrast, the proposed model agrees well with the test data.Finally, the triaxial compressive tests and creep experiments are simulated using the particle flow code(PFC~(2D)). The numerical results agree well with the experimental ones. The research work may provide references for further investigations on the creep deformation behaviors and models for the fractured hard rock.
引文
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[2]何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005(6):2803-2813.(HE Man-chao,XIE He-ping,PENG Su-ping,et al.Study on rock mechanics in deep mining engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005(6):2803-2813.(in Chinese))
[3]谢和平,高峰,鞠杨.深部岩体力学研究与探索[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):161-2178.(XIE He-ping,GAO Feng,JU Yang.Research and development of rock mechanics in deep ground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2161-2178.(in Chinese))
[4]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,明华军,等.深埋隧洞岩爆孕育规律与机制:时滞型岩爆[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,1(3):562-569.(CHEN Bing-rui,FENG Xia-ting,MING Hua-jun,et al.Evolution law and mechanism of rockburst in deep tunnel:time delayed rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,1(3):562-569.(in Chinese))
[5]MALAN D F.Simulation of the time-dependent behavior of excavations in hard rock[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2002,35(4):225-254.
[6]HEAP M J,BAUD P,MEREDITH P G,et al.Time-dependent brittle creep in Darley Dale sandstone[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,2009,114(B7):4288-4309.
[7]MAIN I G.A damage mechanics model for power-law creep and earthquake aftershock and foreshock sequences[J].Geophysical Journal International,2000,142:151-161.
[8]徐卫亚,杨圣奇,杨松林.绿片岩三轴流变力学特性的研究(Ⅰ):试验结果[J].岩土力学,2005,26(4):531-537.(XU Wei-ya,YANG Sheng-qi,YANG Song-lin,et al.Investigation on triaxial rheological mechanical properties of greenschist specimen:Ⅰexperimental results[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(4):531-537.(in Chinese))
[9]徐卫亚,杨圣奇,谢守益.绿片岩三轴流变力学特性的研究(Ⅱ):模型分析[J].岩土力学,2005,26(5):693-698.(XU Wei-ya,YANG Sheng-qi,XIE Shou-yi,et al.Investigation on triaxial rheological mechanical properties of greenschist specimen:Ⅱmodel analysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(5):693-698.(in Chinese))
[10]杨圣奇,徐卫亚,谢守益,等.饱和状态下硬岩三轴流变变形与破裂机制研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(8):962-969.(YANG Sheng-qi,XU Wei-ya,XIE Shou-yi,et al.Studies on triaxial rheological deformation and failure mechanism of hard rock in saturated state[J].Chinese Journal of Geological Engineering,2006,28(8):962-969.(in Chinese))
[11]闫子舰,夏才初,李宏哲,等.分级卸荷条件下锦屏大理岩流变规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(10):2153-2159.(YAN Zi-jian,XIA Cai-chu,LI Hong-zhe,et al.Study on rheological rules of marble in Jinping hydropower station under condition of step under loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(10):2153-2159.(in Chinese))
[12]朱杰兵,汪斌,邬爱清.锦屏水电站绿砂岩三轴卸荷流变试验及非线性损伤蠕变本构模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):528-534.(ZHU Jie-bing,WANG Bin,WU Ai-qing.Study of unloading triaxial rheological tests and its nonlinear damage constitutive model of Jinping hydropower station green sandstone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):528-534.(in Chinese))
[13]黄达,杨超,黄润秋,等.分级卸荷量对大理岩三轴卸荷蠕变特性影响规律试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增刊1):2801-2807.(HUANG Da,YANG Chao,HUANG Run-qiu,et al.Experimental research of unloading triaxial rheological characteristics of marble affected by different step unloading values[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(S1):2801-2807.(in Chinese))
[14]FABRE G,PELLET F.Creep and time-dependent damage in argillaceous rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,2006,6:950-960.
[15]ZHAO Y L,ZHANG L Y,WANG W J,et al.Creep behavior of intact and cracked limestone under multi-level loading and unloading cycles[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2017,50(6):1-16.
[16]PATTON T L,FLETCHER R C.A rheological model for fractured rock[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1998,20(20):491-502.
[17]MATSUKI K,WANG E Q,SAKAGUVHI K.Time-dependent closure of a facture with rough surfaces under constant normal stress[J].International Journal of rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(5):607-619.
[18]赵延林,万文,王卫军.类岩石裂纹压剪流变断裂与亚临界扩展实验及破坏机制[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(6):1050-1059.(ZHAO Yan-lin,WAN Wen,WANG Wei-jun,et al.Compressive-shear rheological fracture of rock-like cracks and subcritical crack propagation test and fracture mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(6):1050-1059.(in Chinese))
[19]黄达,黄润秋.卸荷条件下裂隙岩体变形破坏及裂纹扩展演化的物理模型试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):502-512.(HUANG Da,HUNAG Run-qiu.Physical model test on deformation failure and crack propagation evolvement of fissured rocks under unloading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):502-512.(in Chinese))
[20]杨超,黄达,黄润秋,等.断续双裂隙砂岩三轴卸荷蠕变特性试验及损伤蠕变模型[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(9):2203-2211.(YANG Chao,HUANG Da,HUANG Run-qiu,et al.Experimental study on the triaxial unloading creep characteristics of stone with two pre-existing cracks and its damage creep model[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(9):2203-2211.(in Chinese))
[21]杨超,冯振华,王鑫,等.多级时效荷载下双裂隙砂岩变形与破裂特征试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(9):2092-2101.(YANG Chao,FENG Zhen-hua,WANG Xin,et al.Experimental research on deformation and crack coalescence properties of sandstone containing two pre-existing fissures under multistage time-dependent loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(9):2092-2101.(in Chinese))
[22]杨超.硬质裂隙岩体三轴加载及卸荷蠕变特性研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.(YANG Chao.Study on the triaxial loading and unloading creep properties of fractured hard rock[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2015.(in Chinese))
[23]潘鹏志,冯夏庭,申林方,等.裂隙花岗岩各向异性蠕变特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):36-44.(PAN Peng-zhi,FENG Xia-ting,SHEN Lin-fang,et al.Study of anisotropic creep behavior of fractured granite[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):36-44.(in Chinese))
[24]YANG S Q,CHENG L.Non-stationary and nonlinear visco-elastic shear creep model for shale[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2011,48:1011-1020.
[25]杨圣奇,倪红梅.泥岩黏弹性剪切蠕变模型及参数辨识[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(4):551-557.(YANGSheng-qi,NI Hong-mei.A viscoelastic shear creep model of mudstone:parameter identification[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2012,41(4):551-557.(in Chinese))
[26]朱维申,齐银萍,郭运华,等.锦屏I级水电站地下厂房围岩变形破裂的三维损伤流变分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(5):865-872.(ZHU Wei-shen,QI Yin-ping,GUOYun-hua,et al.3D damage rheological analysis of deformation and fracture of surrounding rocks in Jinping Ihydropower station underground powerhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(5):865-872.(in Chinese))
[27]蒋昱州,徐卫亚,王瑞红,等.岩石非线性蠕变损伤模型研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2009,38(3):331-335.(JIANG Yu-zhou,XU Wei-ya,WANG Rui-hong,et al.Nonlinear creep damage constitutive model of rock[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2009,38(3):331-335.(in Chinese))
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