五大连池火山色木槭叶功能性状特征
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摘要
植物功能性状反映了植物对生长环境的响应和适应,是连接植物与环境的桥梁,研究植物功能性状特征及其随坡向的变化规律,对认识不同微地形生境下植物群落空间格局形成及适应机制具有重要意义。本文以五大连池不同历史年代的8座火山共有树种色木槭(Acer mono)为研究对象,测定了9类叶功能性状,研究了植物叶功能性状在火山间及火山坡向间(阴坡–阳坡)的变化规律,以期揭示生境对火山植物主要叶功能性状的影响,以及阴阳坡植物生存策略的变化,初步探讨了植物对环境的适应机制。结果表明:(1)坡向的变化是造成色木槭叶功能性状差异的重要原因;(2)火山间叶功能性状的差异反映了它们具有不同的资源环境,色木槭生长主要受氮元素的限制;(3)南北坡向及火山间叶片厚度与叶面积均呈极显著的正相关关系,叶片厚度与比叶面积在不同火山间均呈显著的正相关关系,这与色木槭在火山土壤条件下的自我保护密切相关,色木槭通过这些指标间的功能调节来适应环境的变化,并形成最佳功能组合。五大连池不同历史年代火山的色木槭采用增加植物叶片叶干物质浓度、叶面积、叶片厚度、叶氮和叶磷浓度提高固碳能力,通过降低比叶面积和氮磷比来适应干旱、土壤养分贫瘠的环境。
Functional traits reflecting responses and adaptations of plants to their environment can be used as a bridge between plants and the changes occurring in their environment. The analysis of the relationship between plant functional traits and environmental gradients present on hill slopes can improve our understanding of adaptation mechanisms of plant communities under different microtopographic habitats. In this paper, nine leaf functional traits of Acer mono individuals were studied on eight volcanoes in different historical years in Wudalianchi, China. The main leaf functional traits of volcanic plants on shady and sunny slopes were determined. A change in survival strategy and adaptation mechanisms of shady and sunny slope plants was found. The results were as follows:(1) The change of slope direction is an important reason for the difference of leaf functional characteristics of Acer mono.(2) The difference of leaf functional characteristics in volcanoes reflects their different resource environments. At the same time, the growth of Acer mono is mainly limited by nitrogen.(3) Leaf thickness had a significant positive correlation with leaf area between the north-south slopes and between volcanoes. There was a significant positive correlation between leaf thickness and specific leaf area between volcanoes, which is related to the self-protection of Acer mono under volcanic soil conditions. These results suggest that Acer mono can respond to its environment and adapt to express the best combination of functional traits. Acer mono individuals from volcanoes of different ages have increased carbon sequestration capacity, leaf dry matter content, leaf area,leaf thickness, nitrogen and phosphorus content, while also having reduced specific leaf area and nitrogen to phosphorus ratio as an adaptation to abundant light, low water content and poor soil nutrients.
Functional traits reflecting responses and adaptations of plants to their environment can be used as a bridge between plants and the changes occurring in their environment. The analysis of the relationship between plant functional traits and environmental gradients present on hill slopes can improve our understanding of adaptation mechanisms of plant communities under different microtopographic habitats. In this paper, nine leaf functional traits of Acer mono individuals were studied on eight volcanoes in different historical years in Wudalianchi, China. The main leaf functional traits of volcanic plants on shady and sunny slopes were determined. A change in survival strategy and adaptation mechanisms of shady and sunny slope plants was found. The results were as follows:(1) The change of slope direction is an important reason for the difference of leaf functional characteristics of Acer mono.(2) The difference of leaf functional characteristics in volcanoes reflects their different resource environments. At the same time, the growth of Acer mono is mainly limited by nitrogen.(3) Leaf thickness had a significant positive correlation with leaf area between the north-south slopes and between volcanoes. There was a significant positive correlation between leaf thickness and specific leaf area between volcanoes, which is related to the self-protection of Acer mono under volcanic soil conditions. These results suggest that Acer mono can respond to its environment and adapt to express the best combination of functional traits. Acer mono individuals from volcanoes of different ages have increased carbon sequestration capacity, leaf dry matter content, leaf area,leaf thickness, nitrogen and phosphorus content, while also having reduced specific leaf area and nitrogen to phosphorus ratio as an adaptation to abundant light, low water content and poor soil nutrients.
引文
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Wright IJ,Reich PB,Westoby M(2001)Strategy shifts in leaf physiology,structure and nutrient content between species of high-and low-rainfall and high-and low-nutrient habitats.Functional Ecology,15,423-434.
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Bao SD(2000)Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis,pp.30-84.China Agriculture Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[鲍士旦(2000)土壤农化分析,30-84页.中国农业出版社,北京.]
Cornelisse JHC,Lavorel S,Garnier E(2003)A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide.Australian Journal of Botany,51,335-380.
Craine JM,Jackson RD(2010)Plant nitrogen and phosphorus limitation in 98 North American grassland soils.Plant and Soil,334,73-84.
Dang JJ,Zhao CZ,Li Y,Hou ZJ,Dong XG(2015)Relationship between leaf traits of Melica przewalskyi and slope aspects in alpine grassland of Qilian Mountains,China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,39,23-31.(in Chinese with English abstract)[党晶晶,赵成章,李钰,侯兆疆,董小刚(2015)祁连山高寒草地甘肃臭草叶性状与坡向间的关系.植物生态学报,39,23-31.]
Diemer M(1998)Leaf lifespans of high-elevation,aseasonal and Andean shrub species in relation to leaf traits and leaf habit.Global Ecology and Biogeography,7,457-465.
Dijkstra FA,Pendall E,Morgan JA(2012)Climate change alters stoichiometry of phosphorus and nitrogen in a semiarid grassland.New Phytologist,196,807-815.
Dramini F,Diaz S,Gurvich DE(2002)Leaf traits as indicators of resource-use strategy in floras with succulent species.New Phytologist,154,147-157.
Elser JJ,Bracken MES,Cleland EE(2007)Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of primary producers in freshwater,marine and terrestrial ecosystems.Ecology Letters,10,1135-1142.
Garnier E,Shipley B,Roumet C(2001)A standardized protocol for the determination of specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content.Functional Ecology,15,688-695.
Hallik L,Niinemets W,Wright IJ(2009)Are species shade and drought tolerance reflected in leaf-level structural and functional differentiation in Northern Hemisphere temperate woody flora.New Phytologist,184,257-274.
Hu YS,Yao XY,Liu YH(2014)The functional traits of forests at different succession stages and their relationship to terrain factors in Changbai Mountains.Acta Ecologica Sinica,34,5915-5924.(in Chinese with English abstract)[胡耀升,么旭阳,刘艳红(2014)长白山不同演替阶段森林植物功能性状及其与地形因子间的关系.生态学报,34,5915-5924.]
Huang QY,Zhu DG,Zhong HX,Xie LH,Ni HW(2014)Floristic analysis on spermatophyte genera in Wudalianchi.Bulletin of Botanical Research,34,200-203.(in Chinese with English abstract)[黄庆阳,朱道光,钟海秀,谢立红,倪红伟(2014)五大连池种子植物属的区系分析.植物研究,34,200-203.]
Koerselman W,Meuleman AF(1996)The vegetation N:Pratio:A new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation.Journal of Applied Ecology,33,1441-1450.
Leith H(1975)Primary productivity of the major vegetation units of the world.Ecological Studies,14,203-214.
Li YL,Mao W,Zhao XY,Zhang TH(2010)Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry in typical desert and desertified regions,North China.Environmental Science,31,1716-1725.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李玉霖,毛伟,赵学勇,张铜会(2010)北方典型荒漠及荒漠化地区植物叶片氮磷化学计量特征研究.环境科学,31,1716-1725.]
Liu JH,Zeng DH(2006)Leaf traits and their interrelationships of main plant species in southeast Horqin Sandy Land.Chinese Journal of Ecology,25,921-925.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘金环,曾德慧(2006)科尔沁沙地东南部地区主要植物叶片性状及其相互关系.生态学杂志,25,921-925.]
Liu MX,Ma JZ(2013)Feature variations of plant functional traits and environmental factor in south-and north-facing slope.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,20,102-106.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘旻霞,马建祖(2013)阴阳坡植物功能性状与环境因子的变化特征.水土保持研究,20,102-106.]
Liu MX,Ma JZ(2012)Responses of plant functional traits and soil factors to slope aspect in alpine meadow of South Gansu,Northwest China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,23,3295-3300.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘旻霞,马建祖(2012)甘南高寒草甸植物功能性状和土壤因子对坡向的响应.应用生态学报,23,3295-3300.]
Meng TT,Ni J,Wang GH(2007)Plant functional traits,environments and ecosystem functioning.Journal of Plant Ecology(Chinese Version),31,150-165.(in Chinese with English abstract)[孟婷婷,倪健,王国宏(2007)植物功能性状与环境和生态系统功能.植物生态学报,31,150-165.]
Niklas KJ,Owens T,Reich PB,Cobb ED(2005)Nitrogen/phosphorus leaf stoichiometry and the scaling of plant growth.Ecology Letters,8,636-642.
Qin J,Kong HY,Liu H(2016)Stoichionmetric characteristics of soil C,N,P and K in different Pinus massoniana forests.Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),44(2),68-76.(in Chinese with English abstract)[秦娟,孔海燕,刘华(2016)马尾松不同林型土壤C,N,P,K的化学计量特征.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),44(2),68-76.]
Reich PB,Oleksyn J(2004)Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,USA,101,11001-11006.
Ren SJ,Yu GR,Tao B,Wang SQ(2007)Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 654 terrestrial plant species in NSTEC.Environmental Science,28,2665-2673.(in Chinese with English abstract)[任书杰,于贵瑞,陶波,王绍强(2007)中国东部南北样带654种植物叶片氮和磷的化学计量学特征研究.环境科学,28,2665-2673.]
Shi Y,Wen ZM,Gong SH(2011)Comparisons of relationships between leaf and fine root traits in hilly area of the Loess Plateau,Yanhe River basin,Shaanxi Province,China.Acta Ecologica Sinica,31,6805-6814.(in Chinese with English abstract)[施宇,温仲明,龚时慧(2011)黄土丘陵区植物叶片与细根功能性状关系及其变化.生态学报,31,6805-6814.]
Su WH,Shi Z,Yang B,Yang JJ,Zhao GH(2015)Intraspecific functional trait variation in a tree species(Lithocarpus dealbatus)along latitude.Plant Diversity and Resources,37,309-317.(in Chinese with English abstract)[苏文华,施展,杨波,杨建军,赵冠华(2015)滇石栎沿纬度梯度叶片功能性状的种内变化.植物分类与资源学报,37,309-317.]
Wang XK,Wang CK(2015)Acclimation of leaf phenology and adapation of photosynthetic capacity of Larix gmelinii to environmental changes.Acta Ecologica Sinica,35,4538-4546.(in Chinese with English abstract)[王先奎,王传宽(2015)兴安落叶松对环境变化的物候驯化和光合能力适应.生态学报,35,4538-4546.]
Westoby M(1998)A leaf-height-seed(LHS)plant ecology strategy scheme.Plant and Soil,199,213-227.
Wright IJ,Reich PB,Westoby M(2004)The worldwide leaf economics spectrum.Nature,428,821-827.
Wright IJ,Reich PB,Westoby M(2001)Strategy shifts in leaf physiology,structure and nutrient content between species of high-and low-rainfall and high-and low-nutrient habitats.Functional Ecology,15,423-434.
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