脉冲等离子体推力器等离子体电参数的计算方法
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摘要
脉冲等离子体推力器(pulsed plasma thruster,PPT)是一种结构简单、比冲高的电推进装置,可用于微小卫星的姿态控制、位置保持等。PPT等离子体的电参数(电阻、电感),可为PPT放电特性研究以及性能优化提供参考依据。文中采用电流分段拟合法计算电参数,与前人采用的特征值法相比,该方法充分利用了实验数据,并能计算得到电参数在放电过程中的变化。经计算对比验证可知,采用电流分段拟合法得到的等离子体电参数更为准确。计算结果表明:随着放电的进行,等离子体电阻增大,等离子体电感减小,且初始电压主要影响放电末期的电阻变化;在等离子体能量分布上,变化的等离子体电参数主要影响放电前期的磁能和放电后期的沉积能量。
Pulsed plasma thruster(PPT) is a promising electric propulsion device with simple structure and high specific impulse,and it can be used for attitude control and position keeping of micro-satellite. The electrical parameters(resistance and inductance) of the discharge circuit of PPT can provide a reference for the optimization of PPT performance.We employed the Segmentation Formula Fitting Method to calculate the electrical parameters.The primary discharge is divided into two parts for calculation. The experimental data can be made full use of and the range of electrical parameters in the process of discharge can be calculated by the method compared with the eigenvalue method. The results show that the resistance increases and the inductance decreases during the discharge, and the electrical parameters are related to the discharge voltage. The resistance increases with the decrease of the initial voltage, but the inductance hardly changes.For plasma energy distribution, the changing plasma parameters mainly affect the magnetic energy in the early stage of discharge and the deposition energy in the final stage of discharge.
Pulsed plasma thruster(PPT) is a promising electric propulsion device with simple structure and high specific impulse,and it can be used for attitude control and position keeping of micro-satellite. The electrical parameters(resistance and inductance) of the discharge circuit of PPT can provide a reference for the optimization of PPT performance.We employed the Segmentation Formula Fitting Method to calculate the electrical parameters.The primary discharge is divided into two parts for calculation. The experimental data can be made full use of and the range of electrical parameters in the process of discharge can be calculated by the method compared with the eigenvalue method. The results show that the resistance increases and the inductance decreases during the discharge, and the electrical parameters are related to the discharge voltage. The resistance increases with the decrease of the initial voltage, but the inductance hardly changes.For plasma energy distribution, the changing plasma parameters mainly affect the magnetic energy in the early stage of discharge and the deposition energy in the final stage of discharge.
引文
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[13]王小艳.非线性RLC电路特性的数字仿真研究[J].高压电器,2001,37(6):52-54.WANG Xiaoyan.Numerical simulation of nonlinear RLC electric circuit characteristics[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2001,37(6):52-54.
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[17]姜慧,邵涛,车学科,等.纳秒脉冲表面放电等离子体影响因素的实验研究[J].高电压技术,2012,38(7):1704-1710.JIANG Hui,SHAO Tao,CHE Xueke,et al.Experimental study on the factors influencing nanosecond-pulsed surface discharge plasma[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(7):1704-1710.
[18]DIXON W J,MASSEY F J.Introduction to statistical analysis[J].Introduction to Probability&Statistics for Engineers&Scientists,1957,36(279):1-8.
[19]JIANG H,SHAO S,ZHANG C,et al.Distribution characteristics of nanosecond-pulsed surface dielectric barrier discharge at different electrode gaps[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(2):33-42.
[20]KOIZUMI H,NOJI R,KOMURASAKI K,et al.Study on plasma acceleration in an ablative pulsed plasma thruster[J].Physics of Plasmas 14.3(2007):033506.
[21]HUANG T K,WU Z W,LIU X Y,et al.Modeling of gas ionization and plasma flow in ablative pulsed plasma thrusters[J].Acta Astronautica,2016,129:309-315.
[22]陈坚,向金秋,郭恒,等.基于一维电子平衡流体模型的平行板离子引出数值模拟[J].高电压技术,2017,43(6):1830-1836.CHEN Jian,XIANG Jinqiu,GUO Heng,et al.One-dimension modeling on parallel-plate ion extraction process based on electron-equilibrium fluid model[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(6):1830-1836.
[23]荣命哲,仲林林,王小华,等.平衡态与非平衡态电弧等离子体微观特性计算研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(19):54-65.RONG Mingzhe,ZHONG Linlin,WANG Xiaohua,et al.Review of microscopic property calculation of equilibrium and non-equilibrium arc plasma[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(19):54-65.
[24]韩桂全,刘洋,刘庆,等.铜蒸气对CO2电弧等离子体物性参数的影响[J].高电压技术,2018,44(5):1635-1640.HAN Guiquan,LIU Yang,LIU Qing,et al.Effect of Cu vapour on the physical property parameters of CO2 arc plasma[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(5):1635-1640.
[25]SPITZER L.Physics of fully ionized gasses[M].New York,USA:Interscience,1956.
[26]CHENG X,LIU X,WU Z,et al.Two-stream model of the pulsed plasma thruster and simulation research[C]∥The International Electric Propulsion Conference.Atlanta,Georgia:Georgia Institute of Technology,2017.
[2]AN S M,WU H J,FENG X Z,et al.Space flight test of electric thruster system MDT-2A[J].Journal of Spacecraft&Rockets,2015,21(6):593-594.
[3]姜齐荣,王亮,谢小荣.电力电子化电力系统的振荡问题及其抑制措施研究[J].高电压技术,2017,43(4):1057-1066.JIANG Qirong,WANG Liang,XIE Xiaorong.Study on oscillations of power-electronized power system and their mitigation schemes[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(4):1057-1066.
[4]张琛,蔡旭,李征.电压源型并网变流器的机-网电气振荡机理及稳定判据研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(11):3174-3183.ZHANG Chen,CAI Xu,LI Zheng,et al.Stability criterion and mechanisms analysis of electrical oscillations in the grid-tied VSC system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(11):3174-3183.
[5]李金宇,祝令瑜,熊易,等.滤波电容器振动与噪声多倍频现象及其产生机理模型[J].高电压技术,2018,44(6):2081-2088.LI Jinyu,ZHU Lingyu,XIONG Yi,et al.Mechanism model of multi-times-frequency spectrum of filter capacitor vibration and audible noise[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(6):2081-2088.
[6]BANERJEE K,MEHROTRA A.Analysis of on-chip inductance effects for distributed RLC interconnects[J].IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems,2002,21(8):904-915.
[7]谢慧瑷.普通物理实验指导电磁学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1990.XIE Hui’ai.Physical experiment guidance electromagnetism[M].Beijing,China:Peking University Press,1990.
[8]BURTON R L,TURCHI P J.Pulsed plasma thruster[J].Journal of Propulsion and Power,1998,14(5):716-735.
[9]杨磊,刘向阳,王司宇,等.基于不同烧蚀模型的脉冲等离子体推力器壁面-等离子体交互作用的机理[J].高电压技术,2013,39(9):2301-2308.YANG Lei,LIU Xiangyang,WANG Siyu,et al.Different ablation models for the wall-plasma interaction process in pulsed plasma thruster[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(9):2301-2308.
[10]CHENG L,DING W D,et al.Preliminary study on discharge characteristics in a capillary discharge based pulsed plasma thruster for small satellites[C]∥The International Electric Propulsion Conference.Atlanta,Georgia:Georgia Institute of Technology,2017.
[11]VONDRA R,THOMASSEN K,SOLBES A.A pulsed electric thruster for satellite control[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1971,59(2):271-277.
[12]吴汉基,蒋远大,张志远.电推进技术的应用与发展趋势[J].推进技术,2003,24(5):385-392.WU Hanji,JIANG Yuanda,ZHANG Zhiyuan.Application and development trend of electricpropulsion technology[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2003,24(5):385-392.
[13]王小艳.非线性RLC电路特性的数字仿真研究[J].高压电器,2001,37(6):52-54.WANG Xiaoyan.Numerical simulation of nonlinear RLC electric circuit characteristics[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2001,37(6):52-54.
[14]MIKELLIDES P G.Theoretical modeling and optimization of ablation-fed pulsed plasma thruster[D].Columbus,Ohio:The Ohio State University,1999.
[15]WONG C S,CHOI P,SERGUEI T.Preliminary results on a pulsed capillary discharge[C]∥American Institute of Physics.[S.l.]:AIP,1997:417-421.
[16]侯大力,康小明,赵万生,等.脉冲等离子体推力器等效电路模型分析[J].固体火箭技术,2008,31(5):480-483.HOU Dali,KANG Xiaoming,ZHAO Wansheng,et al.Analysis of equivalent circuit model for pulsed plasma thruster[J].Journal of Solid Rocket Technology,2008,31(5):480-483.
[17]姜慧,邵涛,车学科,等.纳秒脉冲表面放电等离子体影响因素的实验研究[J].高电压技术,2012,38(7):1704-1710.JIANG Hui,SHAO Tao,CHE Xueke,et al.Experimental study on the factors influencing nanosecond-pulsed surface discharge plasma[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(7):1704-1710.
[18]DIXON W J,MASSEY F J.Introduction to statistical analysis[J].Introduction to Probability&Statistics for Engineers&Scientists,1957,36(279):1-8.
[19]JIANG H,SHAO S,ZHANG C,et al.Distribution characteristics of nanosecond-pulsed surface dielectric barrier discharge at different electrode gaps[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(2):33-42.
[20]KOIZUMI H,NOJI R,KOMURASAKI K,et al.Study on plasma acceleration in an ablative pulsed plasma thruster[J].Physics of Plasmas 14.3(2007):033506.
[21]HUANG T K,WU Z W,LIU X Y,et al.Modeling of gas ionization and plasma flow in ablative pulsed plasma thrusters[J].Acta Astronautica,2016,129:309-315.
[22]陈坚,向金秋,郭恒,等.基于一维电子平衡流体模型的平行板离子引出数值模拟[J].高电压技术,2017,43(6):1830-1836.CHEN Jian,XIANG Jinqiu,GUO Heng,et al.One-dimension modeling on parallel-plate ion extraction process based on electron-equilibrium fluid model[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(6):1830-1836.
[23]荣命哲,仲林林,王小华,等.平衡态与非平衡态电弧等离子体微观特性计算研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(19):54-65.RONG Mingzhe,ZHONG Linlin,WANG Xiaohua,et al.Review of microscopic property calculation of equilibrium and non-equilibrium arc plasma[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(19):54-65.
[24]韩桂全,刘洋,刘庆,等.铜蒸气对CO2电弧等离子体物性参数的影响[J].高电压技术,2018,44(5):1635-1640.HAN Guiquan,LIU Yang,LIU Qing,et al.Effect of Cu vapour on the physical property parameters of CO2 arc plasma[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(5):1635-1640.
[25]SPITZER L.Physics of fully ionized gasses[M].New York,USA:Interscience,1956.
[26]CHENG X,LIU X,WU Z,et al.Two-stream model of the pulsed plasma thruster and simulation research[C]∥The International Electric Propulsion Conference.Atlanta,Georgia:Georgia Institute of Technology,2017.
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