煤炭开采条件下三姑泉域岩溶含水层保护评价
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摘要
三姑泉域是我国典型的北方岩溶区,同时位于国家规划的晋东大型煤炭基地,煤炭开采与水资源保护之间的问题较为突出。多年来区内煤炭资源的大规模开采造成了区域地下水位下降、水质恶化等现象。因此开展北方岩溶区煤炭基地含水层保护评价对水资源保护及经济可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。本文从含水层脆弱性、含水层功能和煤炭开采影响力三方面建立综合评价指标体系,采用APH法进行三姑泉域岩溶含水层综合保护评价。针对煤炭基地特征,采用增加了煤炭采空区指标的COP修正模型评价了含水层的脆弱性。含水层功能评价分别从供水能力与生态、大泉维持能力开展;煤炭开采影响力评价从开采活动及煤炭地质结构两方面开展。综合评价结果显示需要重点保护的区段为岩溶大泉、水源地及地表渗漏段,其次为岩溶强径流带及煤炭剧烈开采区,与实际情况相符。
The Sangu spring basin is a typical karst area in the north of China. It is located in the Jindong large coal base planned by the state. The problems between coal mining and water resources protection are prominent in this basin. Over the years,the large-scale explotiation of coal resources in the region has led to the decline of groundwater level and the deterioration of water quality. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out evaluation of aquifer protection in northern karst coal base for water resources protection and sustainable economic development. In this work, an evaluation index system was established from three aspects: vulnerability of aquifer, function of aquifer and the influence of coal mining. The APH method was used to evaluate the aquifer protection in the Sangu spring basin. According to the characteristics of the coal base, the COP modified model with added indicators of coal goaf is adopted to evaluate the vulnerability of aquifer. The functional evaluation of aquifer was carried out from the capacity of water supply and ecological-spring maintenance ability, and the impact assessment of coal mining was conducted from two aspects: mining activities and coal geological structure. The final evaluation results show that the aquifer primary protected area is located in the big karst spring, water source and surface water leakage region. The secondary protected areas include water-rich runoff zones and coal mining areas. This prediction is in line with the actual situation.
The Sangu spring basin is a typical karst area in the north of China. It is located in the Jindong large coal base planned by the state. The problems between coal mining and water resources protection are prominent in this basin. Over the years,the large-scale explotiation of coal resources in the region has led to the decline of groundwater level and the deterioration of water quality. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out evaluation of aquifer protection in northern karst coal base for water resources protection and sustainable economic development. In this work, an evaluation index system was established from three aspects: vulnerability of aquifer, function of aquifer and the influence of coal mining. The APH method was used to evaluate the aquifer protection in the Sangu spring basin. According to the characteristics of the coal base, the COP modified model with added indicators of coal goaf is adopted to evaluate the vulnerability of aquifer. The functional evaluation of aquifer was carried out from the capacity of water supply and ecological-spring maintenance ability, and the impact assessment of coal mining was conducted from two aspects: mining activities and coal geological structure. The final evaluation results show that the aquifer primary protected area is located in the big karst spring, water source and surface water leakage region. The secondary protected areas include water-rich runoff zones and coal mining areas. This prediction is in line with the actual situation.
引文
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[23] 靳德武,刘其声,王琳,等.煤矿(床)水文地质学的研究现状及展望[J].煤田地质与勘探,2009,37(5):28-31.
[24] 董少刚,贾志斌,刘白薇,等.干旱区井工开采煤矿山生态水文地质演化研究:以鄂尔多斯某煤矿为例[J].工程勘察,2013,41 (2):45-48.
[25] 潘军峰,梁永平.山西省岩溶泉域水资源保护[M].中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,2004:172-186.
[26] 江燕.山西晋东煤炭基地晋城矿区总体规划环境保护的实践[J].能源环境保护,2013,27(5):63-64.
[27] 刘香,王洁,邵传青,等.城市地下水脆弱性评价方法及应用[J].地下水,2007,29(5):90-92.
[28] 张强,蒋勇军,林玉石,等.基于欧洲模型的岩溶地下水脆弱性风险性评价[J].人民长江,2009,40(13):51-54.
[2] 钟佐燊.地下水防污性能评价方法探讨 [J].地学前缘,2005,12 (S1):3-11.
[3] Derek C,Williams F,2007.Karst hydrogeology and geomorphology[M].Wiley Revised Edition,2007:551.
[4] 姜桂华.地下水脆弱性研究进展[J].世界地质,2002,21(1):33-38.
[5] 章程,蒋勇军,Michele L,等.岩溶地下水脆弱性评价“二元法”及其在重庆金佛山的应用[J].中国岩溶,2007,26(4):334-340.
[6] 邹胜章,李录娟,卢海平,等.岩溶地下水系统防污性能评价方法[J].地球学报,2014,35(2):261-268.
[7] 赵春红,梁永平,卢海平,等.娘子关泉域岩溶水脆弱性模糊综合评价[J].水文,2013,33(5):52-57.
[8] 王松,章程,裴建国.岩溶地下水脆弱性评价研究[J].地下水,2008,30(6):14-18.
[9] 邢立亭,吕华,高赞东,等.岩溶含水层脆弱性评价的COP法及其应用[J].有色金属,2009,61(3),139-142.
[10] 孙少游,马静晨,刘全国,等.中国北方岩溶水脆弱性评价模型及改进[J],城市地质,2017,12(2):87-90.
[11] 刘海娇,范明元,张保祥,等.基于COP方法的肥城盆地岩溶水脆弱性评价[J].南水北调与水利科技,2015,13(3):538-542.
[12] 孟宪萌,胡宏昌,薛显武.承压含水层脆弱性影响因素分析及评价模型的构建:以山东省济宁市为例[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(9):1615-1622.
[13] 王金哲,张光辉,申建梅,等.地下水功能评价指标选取依据与原则的讨论[J].水文地质工程地质,2008(2):76-81.
[14] 张光辉,严明疆,杨丽芝,等.地下水可持续开采量与地下水功能评价的关系[J].地质通报,2008,27(6):875-881.
[15] 张光辉,申建梅,聂振龙,等.区域地下水功能及可持续利用性评价理论与方法[J].水文地质工程地质,2006,33(4):62-71.
[16] 张光辉,聂振龙,申建梅,等.地下水功能评价体系属性层组成与意义[J].水文地质工程地质,2009,36(5):61-65.
[17] 聂振龙,张光辉,申建梅,等.西北内陆盆地地下水功能特征及地下水可持续利用[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(1):63-66.
[18] 徐耀先,杨健.煤矿开采区地下水环境影响评价方法与治理研究[J].环境科学导刊,2009,28(5):71-74.
[19] 孟凡生,王业耀.煤矿开采环境影响评价中地下水问题探析[J].地下水,2007,29(1):81-84.
[20] 武强,董东林,傅耀军,等.煤矿开采诱发的水环境问题研究煤矿开采诱发的水环境问题研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(1):19-22.
[21] 王启亮,程东.山西省煤炭开采对水资源的影响[J].人民黄河,2009,31(12):56-59.
[22] 李七明,翟立娟,傅耀军,等.华北型煤田煤层开采对含水层的破坏模式研究[J].中国煤炭地质,2012,24(7):38-43.
[23] 靳德武,刘其声,王琳,等.煤矿(床)水文地质学的研究现状及展望[J].煤田地质与勘探,2009,37(5):28-31.
[24] 董少刚,贾志斌,刘白薇,等.干旱区井工开采煤矿山生态水文地质演化研究:以鄂尔多斯某煤矿为例[J].工程勘察,2013,41 (2):45-48.
[25] 潘军峰,梁永平.山西省岩溶泉域水资源保护[M].中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,2004:172-186.
[26] 江燕.山西晋东煤炭基地晋城矿区总体规划环境保护的实践[J].能源环境保护,2013,27(5):63-64.
[27] 刘香,王洁,邵传青,等.城市地下水脆弱性评价方法及应用[J].地下水,2007,29(5):90-92.
[28] 张强,蒋勇军,林玉石,等.基于欧洲模型的岩溶地下水脆弱性风险性评价[J].人民长江,2009,40(13):51-54.
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