不同活动速率下隐伏地裂缝的模型试验研究
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摘要
目前国内外已查明的地裂缝大都是在地表能直接看到的地裂缝,然而埋藏在地表之下不易被人类所察觉的隐伏地裂缝发育数量更为众多,并且隐伏地裂缝因活动速率的不同可能招致不同程度的地质灾害,进而不同程度地影响人类的工程建设活动。为了研究活动速率不一样的隐伏地裂缝之间有什么发育特征上的不同,进行一组物理模型对比试验。结果显示当隐伏地裂缝以不同速率活动时,其所形成的反倾裂缝和直立裂缝的形态特征、地表土体位错量以及土体对深部沉降的吸收作用均有明显的不同。并且当隐伏地裂缝慢速活动的一个活动周期内,其地表土体位错量随深部底板的的活动过程会出现典型的三次"稳定"阶段。
At present,most of the identified ground fissures at home and abroad are those that can be seen directly on the surface. However,the number of hidden ground fissures buried under the surface which are not easily detected by human beings is more numerous,and the hidden ground fissures may cause different degrees of geological disasters due to different rates of activity,thus affecting human engineering construction activities in varying degrees. In order to study the development characteristics of buried ground fissures with different activity rates,a set of physical model contrast experiments were carried out. The results show that when the buried ground fissures move at different rates,the morphological characteristics of the anti-dip fissures and vertical fissures,the displacement of the surface soil and the absorption of the deep subsidence of the soil are obviously different. In addition,when the buried ground fissures move slowly during a period of activity,the displacement of the surface soil will appear three typical "stable"stages with the movement of the deep floor.
At present,most of the identified ground fissures at home and abroad are those that can be seen directly on the surface. However,the number of hidden ground fissures buried under the surface which are not easily detected by human beings is more numerous,and the hidden ground fissures may cause different degrees of geological disasters due to different rates of activity,thus affecting human engineering construction activities in varying degrees. In order to study the development characteristics of buried ground fissures with different activity rates,a set of physical model contrast experiments were carried out. The results show that when the buried ground fissures move at different rates,the morphological characteristics of the anti-dip fissures and vertical fissures,the displacement of the surface soil and the absorption of the deep subsidence of the soil are obviously different. In addition,when the buried ground fissures move slowly during a period of activity,the displacement of the surface soil will appear three typical "stable"stages with the movement of the deep floor.
引文
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[19]石玉玲,门玉明,彭建兵,等.地裂缝对不同结构形式桥梁桥面的破坏试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(10):2917-2922.SHI Yuling,MEN Yuming,PENG Jianbing, et al.Damage test study of different types structures of bridge decks by ground fissure[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(10):2917-2922.
[2]贾三满,刘明坤,田芳,等.北京地区地裂缝分类及防治措施[J].城市地质,2011,6(2):4-7.JIA Sanman,LIU Mingkun,TIAN Fang,et al. The classification of ground fissures and their prevention measures in Beijing area[J]. Urban Geology,2011,6(2):4-7.
[3] LEONARD R J. An earth fissure in Southern Arizona[J]. Journal of Geology,1929,37(8):765-774.
[4] RUDOLPH D L,CHERRY J A,FARVOLDEN R N.Groundwater flow and solute transport in fractured lacustrine clay near mexico city[J]. Water Resources Research,1991,27(9):2187-2201.
[5] LEE C F,ZHANG J M,ZHANG Y X. Evolution and origin of the ground fissures in Xian,China[J].Engineering Geology,1996,43(1):45-55.
[6] NGECU W M,NYAMBOK I O. Ground subsidence and its socioeconomic implications on the population:a case study of the Nakuru area in Central Rift Valley,Kenya[J]. Environmental Geology,2000,39(6):567-574.
[7] ALLIS R G. Review of subsidence at Wairakei field,New Zealand[J]. Geothermics,2000,29:455-478.
[8] SAPIGNI M, BARBERA G L, GHIROTTI M.Engineering geological characterization and comparison of predicted and measured deformations of a cavern in the Italian Alps[J]. Eng Geo,2003,69:47-62.
[9] HOLZER T L,GALLOWAY D L. Impacts of land subsidence caused by withdrawal of underground fluids in the United States[J]. Reviews in Engineering Geology,2005,16(8):87-99.
[10]彭建兵,范文,李喜安,等.汾渭盆地地裂缝成因研究中的若干关键问题[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(4):433-440.PENG Jianbing,FAN Wen,LI Xi’an,et al. Some key questions in the formation of ground fissures in the Fen—Wei Basin[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(4):433-440.
[11]卢全中,彭建兵,范文,等.陕西三原双槐树地裂缝的发育特征[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(4):458-462.LU Quan zhong,PENG Jianbing,FAN Wen,et al.Development features of ground fissure in Shuanghuaishu village, Sanyuan county, Shaanxi province[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(4):458-462.
[12]陈立伟.地裂缝扩展机理研究[D].西安:长安大学,2007.CHEN Liwei. Study on the propagation mechanism of ground fissure[D]. Xi’ an:Chang’ an University,2007.
[13]卢全中,赵富坤,彭建兵,等.隐伏地裂缝破裂扩展研究综述[J].工程地质学报,2009,30(4):903-908.LU Quanzhong,ZHAO Fukun,PENG Jianbing,et al.Overview on rupture propagation studies of buried ground fissures[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,30(4):903-908.
[14]李力.倾角60°隐伏地裂缝破裂扩展模型试验研究[D].西安:长安大学,2016.LI Li. Physical simulative on buried ground fissures by 60°inclination[D]. Xi’ an:Chang’ an University,2016.
[15]罗文超.正断型隐伏地裂缝破裂扩展的倾角效应研究[D].西安:长安大学,2017.LUOWenchao. The effects of fracture dip on propagation of buried ground fissures[D]. Xi’an:Chang’an University,2017.
[16] BRAY J D,SEED R B,SEED H B. Analysis of earthquake fault rupture propagation through cohesive soil[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,120(3):562-580.
[17]刘学增,滨田政则.活断层破坏在土体中传播的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(3):425-427.LIU Xuezeng,MASANORI HAMADA. Experiments on rupture propagation of active faults on soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(3):425-427.
[18]黄强兵,彭建兵,门玉明,等.地裂缝对地铁明挖整体式衬砌隧道影响机制的模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11):2324-2331.HUANG Qiangbing,PENG Jianbing,MEN Yuming,et al. Model test study on effect of ground fissure on open—cut metro tunnel with integral lining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(11):2324-2331.
[19]石玉玲,门玉明,彭建兵,等.地裂缝对不同结构形式桥梁桥面的破坏试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(10):2917-2922.SHI Yuling,MEN Yuming,PENG Jianbing, et al.Damage test study of different types structures of bridge decks by ground fissure[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(10):2917-2922.
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