基于动态环境的网络能力与渐进式创新绩效:知识资源获取的中介作用
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摘要
创新绩效是组织创建核心竞争力的关键,因而如何利用创业者的网络能力以及外部知识提升创新行为有望成为持续增强创业者创新实力的新途径。研究基于网络关系理论和人境互动理论将知识资源获取与环境动态性纳入研究框架中,构建并实证检验了一个被调节的中介效应模型。回归分析结果显示:(1)创业者网络能力对渐进式创新绩效具有正向影响;(2)知识资源获取在网络能力与渐进式创新绩效的关系中起中介传导作用;(3)环境动态性弱化了知识资源获取与渐进式创新绩效的关系;(4)知识资源获取在网络能力与渐进式创新绩效关系的中介传导作用也受到了环境动态性的调节。研究全新地解释了网络能力对创业者渐进式创新绩效的作用机理,不仅丰富和拓展创业管理的相关研究范围,对员工创新绩效也提供有益的启示。
In the knowledge economy era, although existing research suggests network capabilities can help innovation performance, the effect of network capabilities on innovation performance did not give full explanation, the empirical studies show mixed results and this relationship has remained ambiguous and contested. However, the relationship between entrepreneurs' network capabilities and incremental innovative performance may be influenced by the environmental dynamism and knowledge resource acquisition.Many researchers believed that network capabilities may influence innovative performance, but several studies gaps should be further addressed to gain new insights. On the one hand, although existing studies examine the impacts of network capabilities on innovative performance, how entrepreneurs' network capabilities may influence incremental innovative performance is still not clear. On the other hand, previous findings on the relationship between entrepreneurs' network capabilities and incremental innovative performance are inconsistent. To better understand the inconsistent findings, scholars investigate several contingency variables which may influence the relationship between network capabilities and performance, such as procedural justice, trust and organizational commitment. However, the moderating role of environmental dynamism on the relationship between knowledge resource acquisition and incremental innovative performance are neglected. We construct a conceptual model based on the network theory, which outlines the ways of environmental dynamism and knowledge resource acquisition influence the relationship between entrepreneurs' network capabilities and incremental innovative performance. We propose that the relationship between knowledge resource acquisition and incremental innovative performance is enhanced by environmental dynamism.We used linear regression and moderating effects testing method to test the hypotheses, and samples are collected from Shanghai, Shenzhen and Lanzhou.The results show that: entrepreneurs' network capabilities are positively related to incremental innovative performance, knowledge resource acquisition partially mediates the relationship between entrepreneurs' network capabilities and incremental innovative performance, environmental dynamism moderates the relationship between knowledge resource acquisition and entrepreneurs' incremental innovative performance.
In the knowledge economy era, although existing research suggests network capabilities can help innovation performance, the effect of network capabilities on innovation performance did not give full explanation, the empirical studies show mixed results and this relationship has remained ambiguous and contested. However, the relationship between entrepreneurs' network capabilities and incremental innovative performance may be influenced by the environmental dynamism and knowledge resource acquisition.Many researchers believed that network capabilities may influence innovative performance, but several studies gaps should be further addressed to gain new insights. On the one hand, although existing studies examine the impacts of network capabilities on innovative performance, how entrepreneurs' network capabilities may influence incremental innovative performance is still not clear. On the other hand, previous findings on the relationship between entrepreneurs' network capabilities and incremental innovative performance are inconsistent. To better understand the inconsistent findings, scholars investigate several contingency variables which may influence the relationship between network capabilities and performance, such as procedural justice, trust and organizational commitment. However, the moderating role of environmental dynamism on the relationship between knowledge resource acquisition and incremental innovative performance are neglected. We construct a conceptual model based on the network theory, which outlines the ways of environmental dynamism and knowledge resource acquisition influence the relationship between entrepreneurs' network capabilities and incremental innovative performance. We propose that the relationship between knowledge resource acquisition and incremental innovative performance is enhanced by environmental dynamism.We used linear regression and moderating effects testing method to test the hypotheses, and samples are collected from Shanghai, Shenzhen and Lanzhou.The results show that: entrepreneurs' network capabilities are positively related to incremental innovative performance, knowledge resource acquisition partially mediates the relationship between entrepreneurs' network capabilities and incremental innovative performance, environmental dynamism moderates the relationship between knowledge resource acquisition and entrepreneurs' incremental innovative performance.
引文
[1]Rosenbusch N,Brinckmannn J,Bausch A.Is innovation always beneficial?A meta-analysis of the relationship between innovation and performance in SMEs[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2011,26(4):441-457.
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[3]Lu J W,Beamish P W.Partnering strategies and performance of SMEs’international joint ventures[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2006,21(4):461-486.
[4]任胜钢,舒睿.创业者网络能力与创业机会:网络位置和网络跨度的作用机制[J].南开管理评论,2014,17(1):123-133.
[5]屠兴勇,赵紫薇,王泽英.渐进式创新绩效的影响因素研究[J].科研管理,2018,39(8):72-79.
[6]Kumar K.Developing work culture environment with high performance work organization[J].African Journal of Business Management,2012,6(39):10472-10476.
[7]李新春,梁强,宋丽红.外部关系、内部能力平衡与新创企业成长:基于创业者行为视角的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2010,12:97-107.
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[9]范钧,王进伟.网络能力、隐性知识获取与新创企业成长绩效[J].科学学研究,2011,29(9):1365-1373.
[10]Caplan R D.Person-environment fit theory and organizations:Commensurate dimensions,time perspectives,and mechanisms[J].Journal of Vocational behavior,1987,31(3):248-267.
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[12]Sullivan M G,Weerawardena J.Networking capability and international entrepreneurship:How networks function in Australian Born Global Firms[J].International Marketing Review,2006,23(5):549-572.
[13]Chiu Y H.How network competence and network location influence innovation performance[J].Journal of Business&Industrial Marketing,2009,24(1):46-55.
[14]张公一,孙晓欧.科技资源整合对企业创新绩效影响机制实证研究[J].中国软科学,2013,5(5):92-99.
[15]Holmen E,Pedersen A C.Strategizing through analyzing and influencing the network horizon[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2003,32(5):409-418.
[16]Walter A,Auer M,Ritter T.The impact of network capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation on university spin off performance[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2006,21(4):541-567.
[17]沙振权,周飞.企业网络能力对集群间企业合作绩效的影响研究[J].管理评论,2013,25(6):95-103.
[18]Ritter T,Gemünden H.The impact of a company’s business strategy on its technological competence,network competence and innovation success[J].Journal of Business Research,2004,57(5):548-556.
[19]Reagans R,McEvily B.Network structure and knowledge transfer:The effects of cohesion and range[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2003,48(2):240-267.
[20]Tsai W.Knowledge transfer in intra organizational networks:Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance[J].Academy of Management Journal,2001,44(5):996-1004.
[21]Rowley T J.Moving beyond dyadic ties:A network theory of stakeholder influences[J].Academy of management Review,1997,22(4):887-910.
[22]Collins C J,Clark K D.Strategic human resource practices,top management team social networks and Firm performance:The role of human resource practices in creating organizational competitive advantage[J].Academy of Management Journal,2003,46(6):740-751.
[23]Audretsch D B,Lehmann E E.Mansfield’s missing link:The impact of knowledge spillovers on firm growth[J].Journal of Technology Transfer,2005,30(1):207-223.
[24]Laursen K,Meliciani V.The role of ICT knowledge flows for international market share dynamics[J].Research Policy,2010,39(5):687-697.
[25]刘景东,党兴华.不同知识位势下知识获取方式与突变创新的关系研究[J].管理评论,2013,25(7):88-98.
[26]Heij C V,Volberda H W,den Bosch F A.How does business model innovation influence firm performance:The effect of environmental dynamism[J].Technology&Innovation Management,2014.
[27]Jansen J,Van Bosch F,Volberda H W.Exploratory innovation,exploitative innovation,and performance:Effects of organizational antecedents and environmental moderators[J].Management Science,2006,52(11):1661-1674.
[28]Baron R A,Tang J T.The role of entrepreneurs in firm-level innovation:Joint effects of positive effect,creativity,and environmental dynamism[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2011,26(1):49-60.
[29]Aggarwal V A,Hsu D H.Entrepreneurial exits and innovation[J].Management Science,2013,60(4):867-887.
[30]Magnusson D,Stattin H.Person-context interaction theories[M].John Wiley&Sons Inc,1998.
[31]Muller D,Judd C M,Yzerbyt Y V.When moderation is mediated and mediation is moderated[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2005,89(6):852-863.
[32]周浩,龙立荣.共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法[J].心理科学进展,2004,12:942-950.
[33]Siemsen E,Roth A,Oliveira P.Common method bias in regression models with linear,quadratic,and interaction effects[J].Organizational Research Method,2010,13(3):456-476.
[34]Baron K B,Kenny D A.The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:Conceptual,strategic,and statistical considerations[J].Journal of Personality and social Psychology,1986,51(6):448-452.
[35]MacKinnon D P,Lockwood C M,Williams J.Confidence limits for the indirect effect:Distribution of the product and re-sampling methods[J].Multivariate Behavioral Research,2004,39:99-128.
[36]Preacher K J,Hayes A F.SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models[J].Behavior Research Methods,Instruments,and Computers,2004,36(4):717-731.
[37]温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰.有中介的调节变量和有调节的中介变量[J].心理学报,2006,38(3):448-452.
[38]Hayes A F.Introduction to mediation,moderation,and conditional process analysis:A regression-based approach[M].New York,NY:The Guilford Press,2013.
[39]汤超颖,叶琳娜,王菲,周寄中.知识获取与知识消化对创新绩效的影响研究[J].科学学研究,2015,33(4):561-566.
[40]Han Y,Li D.Effects of intellectual capital on innovative performance:The role of knowledge-based dynamic capability[J].Management Decision,2015,53(1):40-56.
[2]朱秀梅,陈琛,蔡莉.网络能力、资源获取与新企业绩效关系实证研究[J].管理科学学报,2010,13(4):44-56.
[3]Lu J W,Beamish P W.Partnering strategies and performance of SMEs’international joint ventures[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2006,21(4):461-486.
[4]任胜钢,舒睿.创业者网络能力与创业机会:网络位置和网络跨度的作用机制[J].南开管理评论,2014,17(1):123-133.
[5]屠兴勇,赵紫薇,王泽英.渐进式创新绩效的影响因素研究[J].科研管理,2018,39(8):72-79.
[6]Kumar K.Developing work culture environment with high performance work organization[J].African Journal of Business Management,2012,6(39):10472-10476.
[7]李新春,梁强,宋丽红.外部关系、内部能力平衡与新创企业成长:基于创业者行为视角的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2010,12:97-107.
[8]Correa J A,Marcus A,Hurtado N.The natural environmental strategies of international firms:Controversies and new evidence on performance and disclosure[J].Academy of Management Perspectives,2016,30(1):24-39.
[9]范钧,王进伟.网络能力、隐性知识获取与新创企业成长绩效[J].科学学研究,2011,29(9):1365-1373.
[10]Caplan R D.Person-environment fit theory and organizations:Commensurate dimensions,time perspectives,and mechanisms[J].Journal of Vocational behavior,1987,31(3):248-267.
[11]Pittaway L,Robertson M,Munir K.Networking and innovation:Asystematic review of the evidence[J].International Journal of Management Reviews,2004,5(3):137-168.
[12]Sullivan M G,Weerawardena J.Networking capability and international entrepreneurship:How networks function in Australian Born Global Firms[J].International Marketing Review,2006,23(5):549-572.
[13]Chiu Y H.How network competence and network location influence innovation performance[J].Journal of Business&Industrial Marketing,2009,24(1):46-55.
[14]张公一,孙晓欧.科技资源整合对企业创新绩效影响机制实证研究[J].中国软科学,2013,5(5):92-99.
[15]Holmen E,Pedersen A C.Strategizing through analyzing and influencing the network horizon[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2003,32(5):409-418.
[16]Walter A,Auer M,Ritter T.The impact of network capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation on university spin off performance[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2006,21(4):541-567.
[17]沙振权,周飞.企业网络能力对集群间企业合作绩效的影响研究[J].管理评论,2013,25(6):95-103.
[18]Ritter T,Gemünden H.The impact of a company’s business strategy on its technological competence,network competence and innovation success[J].Journal of Business Research,2004,57(5):548-556.
[19]Reagans R,McEvily B.Network structure and knowledge transfer:The effects of cohesion and range[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2003,48(2):240-267.
[20]Tsai W.Knowledge transfer in intra organizational networks:Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance[J].Academy of Management Journal,2001,44(5):996-1004.
[21]Rowley T J.Moving beyond dyadic ties:A network theory of stakeholder influences[J].Academy of management Review,1997,22(4):887-910.
[22]Collins C J,Clark K D.Strategic human resource practices,top management team social networks and Firm performance:The role of human resource practices in creating organizational competitive advantage[J].Academy of Management Journal,2003,46(6):740-751.
[23]Audretsch D B,Lehmann E E.Mansfield’s missing link:The impact of knowledge spillovers on firm growth[J].Journal of Technology Transfer,2005,30(1):207-223.
[24]Laursen K,Meliciani V.The role of ICT knowledge flows for international market share dynamics[J].Research Policy,2010,39(5):687-697.
[25]刘景东,党兴华.不同知识位势下知识获取方式与突变创新的关系研究[J].管理评论,2013,25(7):88-98.
[26]Heij C V,Volberda H W,den Bosch F A.How does business model innovation influence firm performance:The effect of environmental dynamism[J].Technology&Innovation Management,2014.
[27]Jansen J,Van Bosch F,Volberda H W.Exploratory innovation,exploitative innovation,and performance:Effects of organizational antecedents and environmental moderators[J].Management Science,2006,52(11):1661-1674.
[28]Baron R A,Tang J T.The role of entrepreneurs in firm-level innovation:Joint effects of positive effect,creativity,and environmental dynamism[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2011,26(1):49-60.
[29]Aggarwal V A,Hsu D H.Entrepreneurial exits and innovation[J].Management Science,2013,60(4):867-887.
[30]Magnusson D,Stattin H.Person-context interaction theories[M].John Wiley&Sons Inc,1998.
[31]Muller D,Judd C M,Yzerbyt Y V.When moderation is mediated and mediation is moderated[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2005,89(6):852-863.
[32]周浩,龙立荣.共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法[J].心理科学进展,2004,12:942-950.
[33]Siemsen E,Roth A,Oliveira P.Common method bias in regression models with linear,quadratic,and interaction effects[J].Organizational Research Method,2010,13(3):456-476.
[34]Baron K B,Kenny D A.The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:Conceptual,strategic,and statistical considerations[J].Journal of Personality and social Psychology,1986,51(6):448-452.
[35]MacKinnon D P,Lockwood C M,Williams J.Confidence limits for the indirect effect:Distribution of the product and re-sampling methods[J].Multivariate Behavioral Research,2004,39:99-128.
[36]Preacher K J,Hayes A F.SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models[J].Behavior Research Methods,Instruments,and Computers,2004,36(4):717-731.
[37]温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰.有中介的调节变量和有调节的中介变量[J].心理学报,2006,38(3):448-452.
[38]Hayes A F.Introduction to mediation,moderation,and conditional process analysis:A regression-based approach[M].New York,NY:The Guilford Press,2013.
[39]汤超颖,叶琳娜,王菲,周寄中.知识获取与知识消化对创新绩效的影响研究[J].科学学研究,2015,33(4):561-566.
[40]Han Y,Li D.Effects of intellectual capital on innovative performance:The role of knowledge-based dynamic capability[J].Management Decision,2015,53(1):40-56.
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