果树育种40年回顾与展望
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摘要
改革开放以来,我国果树遗传改良与品种选育研究取得长足进展。据不完全统计,主要的11种果树选育了1 968个品种(含砧木),有力支撑了我国果树产业的快速发展,为我国果树实现鲜果供应期延长、品质提升、栽培模式改变提供了保障。细胞工程技术广泛应用于果树遗传改良,分子标记开始在育种中应用,提高了育种效率。我国果树基因组学研究发展迅速,进入世界先进行列。培育多样化品种满足不同用途和不同人群的需求,以及培育抗性好、适合省力化栽培的品种将是未来果树品种发展的方向。
The fruit genetic improvement & breeding has achieved a great progress since late of 1970 s.A total of 1968 cultivars/varieties of scion and rootstock have been bred or registered during the past four decades based on counting 11 fruit types; as has been promoting the rapid development of fruit industry in China,and supporting the extension of supply season,quality enhancement as well as improvement of culture practice efficacy. Cytological engineering technologies has widely used in fruit genetic improvement,molecular marker assisted selection is being used for fruit breeding,these have increased the breeding efficiency. Genomics research on fruits developed quickly during the past years in China,and has harvested cut-edged results. The trends for fruit breeding in the future includes diversified cultivars/varieties to meet different demands of consumers and processing,better resistances to bio/abiostresses,and less-labor culture practice.
The fruit genetic improvement & breeding has achieved a great progress since late of 1970 s.A total of 1968 cultivars/varieties of scion and rootstock have been bred or registered during the past four decades based on counting 11 fruit types; as has been promoting the rapid development of fruit industry in China,and supporting the extension of supply season,quality enhancement as well as improvement of culture practice efficacy. Cytological engineering technologies has widely used in fruit genetic improvement,molecular marker assisted selection is being used for fruit breeding,these have increased the breeding efficiency. Genomics research on fruits developed quickly during the past years in China,and has harvested cut-edged results. The trends for fruit breeding in the future includes diversified cultivars/varieties to meet different demands of consumers and processing,better resistances to bio/abiostresses,and less-labor culture practice.
引文
[1]陈兴涛,岁立云,刘晓敏,李征宇,董伟.我国猕猴桃育种现状及发展趋势[J].四川农业科技,2016(8):48-49.CHEN Xingtao,SUI Liyun,LIU Xiaomin,LI Zhengyu,DONG Wei. Current situations and prospect of kiwifruit breeding in China[J]. Sichuan Agricultural Science and Technology,2016(8):48-49.
[2]钟彩虹,黄宏文,李大卫,韩飞,张鹏,刘小莉.中华猕猴桃复合体跨倍性杂交亲和性研究[J].园艺学报,2017,44(增刊):2489.ZHONG Caihong,HUANG Hongwen,LI Dawei,HAN Fei,ZHANG Peng,LIU Xiaoli. Studies on cross-ploidy hybridization compatibility in Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis complex[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2017,44(Suppl.):2489.
[3] HUANG S X,DING J,DENG D J,......,LIU Y S. Draft genome of the kiwifruit Actinidia chinensis[J]. Nature Communication,2013,DOI:10.1038/ncomms3640.
[4] WU J,WANG Z W,SHI Z B,......,ZHANG S L. The genome of the pear(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)[J]. Genome Research,2013,23:396-408.
[5] XU Q,CHEN L L,RUAN X A,......,RUAN Y J. The draft genome of sweet orange(Citrus sinensis)[J]. Nature Genetics,2013:45(1):45-66. Doi:10.1038/ng.2472.
[6] CAO K,ZHENG Z J,WANG L R,......,WANG J. Comparative population genomics reveals the domestication history of the peach,Prunus persica,and human influences on perennial fruit crops[J]. Genome Biology,2014,15:415.
[7] WANG X,XU Y T,ZHANG S Q,......,XU Q. Genomic analyses of primitive,wild and cultivated citrus provide insights into asexual reproduction[J]. Nature Genetics, 2017, 49(5.)DOI:10.-1038/ng.3839.
[8]邓秀新,束怀瑞,郝玉金,徐强,韩明玉,张绍铃,段常青,姜全,易干军,陈厚彬.果树学科百年发展回顾[J].农学学报,2018(1):24-34.DENG Xiuxin,SHU Huairui,HAO Yujin,XU Qiang,HAN Mingyu,ZHANG Shaoling,DUAN Changqing,JIANG Quan,YI Ganjun,CHEN Houbin. Review on the centennial development of pomology in China[J]. Journal of Agriculture,2018(1):24-34.
[9]陈学森,郭文武,徐娟,丛佩华,王力荣,刘崇怀,李秀根,吴树敬,姚玉新,陈晓流.主要果树果实品质遗传改良与提升实践[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(17):3524-3540.CHEN Xuesen,GUO Wenwu,XU Juan,CONG Peihua,WANG Lirong,LIU Chonghuai,LI Xiugen,WU Shujing,YAO Yuxin,CHEN Xiaoliu. Genetic improvement and promotion of fruit quality of main fruit trees[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(17):3524-3540.
[10]郝玉金,沙广利.苹果营养系砧木选育进展[J].落叶果树,2018,50(1):3-7.HAO Yujin,SHA Guangli. Progress in apple rootstock breeding[J]. Deciduous Fruits,2018,50(1):3-7.
[11]杨丽,孙浩元,张俊环,王玉柱.我国杏育种研究进展[J].北方园艺,2011(12):170-172.YANG Li,SUN Haoyuan,ZHANG Junhuan,WANG Yuzhu.Brief introduction of research progress on the breeding of apricot in China[J]. Northern Horticulture, 2011(12):170-172.
[12]邓秀新.世界柑橘品种改良的进展[J].园艺学报,2006,32(6):1140-1145.DENG Xiuxin. Advances in worldwide citrus breeding[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2006,32(6):1140-1145.
[13]王强,丛佩华.中晚熟苹果新品种‘华庆’[J].园艺学报,2018,45(9):1857-1858.WANG Qiang,CONG Peihua. A new medium-late ripening apple cultivar‘Huaqing’[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2018,45(9):1857-1858.
[14]邵秀红,窦同心,林雪茜,盛鸥,邓贵明,毕方铖,胡春华,李春雨,易干军,杨乔松.香蕉对枯萎病的抗性机制研究现状与展望[J].园艺学报,2018,45(9):1661-1674.SHAO Xiuhong,DOU Tongxin,LIN Xuexi,SHENG Ou,DENG Guiming,BI Fangcheng,HU Chunhua,LI Chunyu,YI Ganjun,YANG Qiaosong. Research status and prospects on resistance mechanisms to fusarium wilt of Banana[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2018,45(9):1661-1674.
[15]宋健坤,朱世平,谭美莲,郭文武,邓秀新.沙田柚(2x)×柑橘异源体细胞杂种NS(4x)的三倍体后代遗传分析[J].园艺学报,2012,39(6):1021-1026.SONG Jiankun,ZHU Shiping,TAN Meilian,GUO Wenwu,DENG Xiuxin. Genetic analysis of triploid progenies from Shatian pummelo(2x)×citrus allotetraploid somatic hybrid NS(4x)[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2012,39(6):1021-1026.
[16] GUO W W,XIAO S X, DENG X X. Somatic cybrid production via protoplast fusion for citrus improvement[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2013,163:20-26.
[17]过国南,阎振立,张恒涛,张顺妮,刘珍珍.我国早、中熟苹果品种的生产现状、选育进展及发展展望[J].果树学报,2009,26(6):871-877.GUO Guonan,YAN Zhenli,ZHANG Hengtao,ZHANG Shunni,LIU Zhenzhen. Current situation of production of early and mid season apple cultivars in China and progress in breeding for early and mid season apple cultivars[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2009,26(6):871-877.
[18]束怀瑞.关于苹果产业新动能的几点思考[J].落叶果树,2018,50(2):1-2.SHU Huairui. Several notes on the new kinetic energy of apple industry[J]. Deciduous Fruits,2018,50(2):1-2.
[19]石金瑞,刘潇然,刘翠华,赵政阳,李瑞,王聪,任小林.‘瑞阳’及其亲本‘秦冠’和‘富士’苹果香气物质的比较[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(7):977-987.SHI Jinrui,LIU Xiaoran,LIU Cuihua,ZHAO Zhengyang,LI Rui,WANG Cong,REN Xiaolin. Comparative analysis of aroma compounds in‘Ruiyang’and its parent cultivars‘Fuji’and‘Qinguan’[J]. Acta Agriculture Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2018,27(7):977-987.
[20]王苏珂,李秀根,杨健,王龙,薛华柏,苏艳丽,王磊.我国梨品种选育研究近20年来的回顾与展望[J].果树学报,2016,33(增刊):10-23.WANG Suke,LI Xiugen,YANG Jian,WANG Long,XUE Huabai,SU Yanli,WANG Lei. Current situation and perspective of pear breeding for last two decades in China mainland[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2016,33(Suppl.):10-23.
[21]王力荣,朱更瑞,左覃元,方伟超.短低温桃和油桃育种进展[J].果树科学,2000,17(l):57-62.WANG Lirong,ZHU Gengrui,ZUO Qingyuan,FANG Weichao.Reviews of chilling peach and nectarine breeding[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2000,17(l):57-62.
[22]赵剑波,郭继英,陈青华,姜全.我国蟠桃种质资源及育种进展[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(7):149-151.ZHAO Jianbo,GUO Jiying,CHEN Qinghua,JIANG Quan. Advances in germplasm resources and breeding of flat peach in China[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(7):149-151.
[23]姜建福,孙海生,刘崇怀,樊秀彩,张颖. 2000年以来中国葡萄育种研究进展[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2010(3):60-69.JIANG Jianfu,SUN Haisheng,LIU Chonghuai,FAN Xiucai,ZHANG Ying. Research progress of grape breeding in China since 2000[J]. Sino-Overseas Grapevine&Wine,2010(3):60-69.
[24]李绍华,梁振昌.中国科学院植物研究所葡萄科研六十载[J].生命世界,2018(4):28-35.LI Shaohua,LIANG Zhenchang. Research progress of grape research for six decades in Institute of Botany,the Chinese Academy of Sciences[J]. Life World,2018(4):28-35.
[25]王桂霞,张运涛,董静,张利喜.中国草莓育种的回顾和展望[J].植物遗传资源学报,2008,9(2):272-276.WANG Guixia,ZHANG Yuntao,DONG Jing,ZHANG Lixi.Retrospection and prospect of strawberry breeding in China[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2008,9(2):272-276.
[26]冯轶,许雪峰,张新忠,吴婷,王忆,韩振海.苹果矮化砧木致矮机理的研究进展[J].园艺学报,2018,45(9):1633-1641.FENG Yi,XU Xuefeng,ZHANG Xinzhong,WU Ting,WANG Yi,HAN Zhenhai. Progress of dwarfing mechanism of apple rootstock[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2018,45(9):1633-1641.
[2]钟彩虹,黄宏文,李大卫,韩飞,张鹏,刘小莉.中华猕猴桃复合体跨倍性杂交亲和性研究[J].园艺学报,2017,44(增刊):2489.ZHONG Caihong,HUANG Hongwen,LI Dawei,HAN Fei,ZHANG Peng,LIU Xiaoli. Studies on cross-ploidy hybridization compatibility in Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis complex[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2017,44(Suppl.):2489.
[3] HUANG S X,DING J,DENG D J,......,LIU Y S. Draft genome of the kiwifruit Actinidia chinensis[J]. Nature Communication,2013,DOI:10.1038/ncomms3640.
[4] WU J,WANG Z W,SHI Z B,......,ZHANG S L. The genome of the pear(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)[J]. Genome Research,2013,23:396-408.
[5] XU Q,CHEN L L,RUAN X A,......,RUAN Y J. The draft genome of sweet orange(Citrus sinensis)[J]. Nature Genetics,2013:45(1):45-66. Doi:10.1038/ng.2472.
[6] CAO K,ZHENG Z J,WANG L R,......,WANG J. Comparative population genomics reveals the domestication history of the peach,Prunus persica,and human influences on perennial fruit crops[J]. Genome Biology,2014,15:415.
[7] WANG X,XU Y T,ZHANG S Q,......,XU Q. Genomic analyses of primitive,wild and cultivated citrus provide insights into asexual reproduction[J]. Nature Genetics, 2017, 49(5.)DOI:10.-1038/ng.3839.
[8]邓秀新,束怀瑞,郝玉金,徐强,韩明玉,张绍铃,段常青,姜全,易干军,陈厚彬.果树学科百年发展回顾[J].农学学报,2018(1):24-34.DENG Xiuxin,SHU Huairui,HAO Yujin,XU Qiang,HAN Mingyu,ZHANG Shaoling,DUAN Changqing,JIANG Quan,YI Ganjun,CHEN Houbin. Review on the centennial development of pomology in China[J]. Journal of Agriculture,2018(1):24-34.
[9]陈学森,郭文武,徐娟,丛佩华,王力荣,刘崇怀,李秀根,吴树敬,姚玉新,陈晓流.主要果树果实品质遗传改良与提升实践[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(17):3524-3540.CHEN Xuesen,GUO Wenwu,XU Juan,CONG Peihua,WANG Lirong,LIU Chonghuai,LI Xiugen,WU Shujing,YAO Yuxin,CHEN Xiaoliu. Genetic improvement and promotion of fruit quality of main fruit trees[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(17):3524-3540.
[10]郝玉金,沙广利.苹果营养系砧木选育进展[J].落叶果树,2018,50(1):3-7.HAO Yujin,SHA Guangli. Progress in apple rootstock breeding[J]. Deciduous Fruits,2018,50(1):3-7.
[11]杨丽,孙浩元,张俊环,王玉柱.我国杏育种研究进展[J].北方园艺,2011(12):170-172.YANG Li,SUN Haoyuan,ZHANG Junhuan,WANG Yuzhu.Brief introduction of research progress on the breeding of apricot in China[J]. Northern Horticulture, 2011(12):170-172.
[12]邓秀新.世界柑橘品种改良的进展[J].园艺学报,2006,32(6):1140-1145.DENG Xiuxin. Advances in worldwide citrus breeding[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2006,32(6):1140-1145.
[13]王强,丛佩华.中晚熟苹果新品种‘华庆’[J].园艺学报,2018,45(9):1857-1858.WANG Qiang,CONG Peihua. A new medium-late ripening apple cultivar‘Huaqing’[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2018,45(9):1857-1858.
[14]邵秀红,窦同心,林雪茜,盛鸥,邓贵明,毕方铖,胡春华,李春雨,易干军,杨乔松.香蕉对枯萎病的抗性机制研究现状与展望[J].园艺学报,2018,45(9):1661-1674.SHAO Xiuhong,DOU Tongxin,LIN Xuexi,SHENG Ou,DENG Guiming,BI Fangcheng,HU Chunhua,LI Chunyu,YI Ganjun,YANG Qiaosong. Research status and prospects on resistance mechanisms to fusarium wilt of Banana[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2018,45(9):1661-1674.
[15]宋健坤,朱世平,谭美莲,郭文武,邓秀新.沙田柚(2x)×柑橘异源体细胞杂种NS(4x)的三倍体后代遗传分析[J].园艺学报,2012,39(6):1021-1026.SONG Jiankun,ZHU Shiping,TAN Meilian,GUO Wenwu,DENG Xiuxin. Genetic analysis of triploid progenies from Shatian pummelo(2x)×citrus allotetraploid somatic hybrid NS(4x)[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2012,39(6):1021-1026.
[16] GUO W W,XIAO S X, DENG X X. Somatic cybrid production via protoplast fusion for citrus improvement[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2013,163:20-26.
[17]过国南,阎振立,张恒涛,张顺妮,刘珍珍.我国早、中熟苹果品种的生产现状、选育进展及发展展望[J].果树学报,2009,26(6):871-877.GUO Guonan,YAN Zhenli,ZHANG Hengtao,ZHANG Shunni,LIU Zhenzhen. Current situation of production of early and mid season apple cultivars in China and progress in breeding for early and mid season apple cultivars[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2009,26(6):871-877.
[18]束怀瑞.关于苹果产业新动能的几点思考[J].落叶果树,2018,50(2):1-2.SHU Huairui. Several notes on the new kinetic energy of apple industry[J]. Deciduous Fruits,2018,50(2):1-2.
[19]石金瑞,刘潇然,刘翠华,赵政阳,李瑞,王聪,任小林.‘瑞阳’及其亲本‘秦冠’和‘富士’苹果香气物质的比较[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(7):977-987.SHI Jinrui,LIU Xiaoran,LIU Cuihua,ZHAO Zhengyang,LI Rui,WANG Cong,REN Xiaolin. Comparative analysis of aroma compounds in‘Ruiyang’and its parent cultivars‘Fuji’and‘Qinguan’[J]. Acta Agriculture Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2018,27(7):977-987.
[20]王苏珂,李秀根,杨健,王龙,薛华柏,苏艳丽,王磊.我国梨品种选育研究近20年来的回顾与展望[J].果树学报,2016,33(增刊):10-23.WANG Suke,LI Xiugen,YANG Jian,WANG Long,XUE Huabai,SU Yanli,WANG Lei. Current situation and perspective of pear breeding for last two decades in China mainland[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2016,33(Suppl.):10-23.
[21]王力荣,朱更瑞,左覃元,方伟超.短低温桃和油桃育种进展[J].果树科学,2000,17(l):57-62.WANG Lirong,ZHU Gengrui,ZUO Qingyuan,FANG Weichao.Reviews of chilling peach and nectarine breeding[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2000,17(l):57-62.
[22]赵剑波,郭继英,陈青华,姜全.我国蟠桃种质资源及育种进展[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(7):149-151.ZHAO Jianbo,GUO Jiying,CHEN Qinghua,JIANG Quan. Advances in germplasm resources and breeding of flat peach in China[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(7):149-151.
[23]姜建福,孙海生,刘崇怀,樊秀彩,张颖. 2000年以来中国葡萄育种研究进展[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2010(3):60-69.JIANG Jianfu,SUN Haisheng,LIU Chonghuai,FAN Xiucai,ZHANG Ying. Research progress of grape breeding in China since 2000[J]. Sino-Overseas Grapevine&Wine,2010(3):60-69.
[24]李绍华,梁振昌.中国科学院植物研究所葡萄科研六十载[J].生命世界,2018(4):28-35.LI Shaohua,LIANG Zhenchang. Research progress of grape research for six decades in Institute of Botany,the Chinese Academy of Sciences[J]. Life World,2018(4):28-35.
[25]王桂霞,张运涛,董静,张利喜.中国草莓育种的回顾和展望[J].植物遗传资源学报,2008,9(2):272-276.WANG Guixia,ZHANG Yuntao,DONG Jing,ZHANG Lixi.Retrospection and prospect of strawberry breeding in China[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2008,9(2):272-276.
[26]冯轶,许雪峰,张新忠,吴婷,王忆,韩振海.苹果矮化砧木致矮机理的研究进展[J].园艺学报,2018,45(9):1633-1641.FENG Yi,XU Xuefeng,ZHANG Xinzhong,WU Ting,WANG Yi,HAN Zhenhai. Progress of dwarfing mechanism of apple rootstock[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2018,45(9):1633-1641.
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