灌溉时期和灌水量对海河平原区紫花苜蓿生产性能的影响
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摘要
为了探讨紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)在海河平原区适宜的灌溉技术,2015-2017年选用1龄苜蓿和2龄苜蓿为试验材料,设置6种灌溉处理,研究不同灌水处理对苜蓿产草量、农艺性状、水分利用效率的影响。试验结果显示:在海河平原区,苜蓿产草量随着灌水量增加略有升高,但差异不显著。年增加灌水量225mm处理与不灌水处理相比,苜蓿3年累计增产仅为6.13t·hm~(-2),并且随着灌水量的增加,苜蓿水分利用效率逐渐降低,且差异极显著(P<0.01)。综合分析显示,在海河平原区水资源极度紧缺情况下苜蓿种植一般无需灌溉,但在年度降雨量较少,特别是冬春季节降雨较少的年份,建议对苜蓿进行1次补灌,选择灌冻水,灌水量75mm,可能对提高苜蓿当年生物产量以及提高苜蓿持续生产能力具有一定促进作用。
To explore the suitable irrigation techniques for Alfalfa in Haihe Plain,six irrigation treatments were set up to study the effects of different irrigation treatments on the yield,agronomic traits and water use efficiency of one-year and two-year Alfalfa from 2015 to 2017.The results showed that alfalfa yield increased slightly with increasing irrigation amount in Haihe Plain,but had no significant difference among six treatments.Compared with the treatment without irrigation,the cumulative increment of alfalfa yield in three years was only 6.13 t·hm~(-2).The water use efficiency of Alfalfa significantly decreased gradually with the increase of irrigation amount(P<0.01).It suggested that the alfalfa was not irrigated in Haihe Plain where was extreme shortage of water resources,but when the annual rainfall was less,especially in winter and spring,alfalfa should be irrigated overwintering water once and the irrigation amount was 75 mm,which could improve the alfalfa yield and the sustainable production capacity of alfalfa.
To explore the suitable irrigation techniques for Alfalfa in Haihe Plain,six irrigation treatments were set up to study the effects of different irrigation treatments on the yield,agronomic traits and water use efficiency of one-year and two-year Alfalfa from 2015 to 2017.The results showed that alfalfa yield increased slightly with increasing irrigation amount in Haihe Plain,but had no significant difference among six treatments.Compared with the treatment without irrigation,the cumulative increment of alfalfa yield in three years was only 6.13 t·hm~(-2).The water use efficiency of Alfalfa significantly decreased gradually with the increase of irrigation amount(P<0.01).It suggested that the alfalfa was not irrigated in Haihe Plain where was extreme shortage of water resources,but when the annual rainfall was less,especially in winter and spring,alfalfa should be irrigated overwintering water once and the irrigation amount was 75 mm,which could improve the alfalfa yield and the sustainable production capacity of alfalfa.
引文
[1]王琦,张恩和,龙瑞军,等.不同灌溉方式对紫花苜蓿生长性能及水分利用效率的影响[J].草业科学,2006,23(9):75-78
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[12]耿慧,徐安凯,栾博宇,等.不同灌水量对当年播种紫花苜蓿生长的影响[J].山东农业科学2012,44(9):51-53
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[16]万修福,徐洪雨,何峰,等.灌水频率对紫花苜蓿耗水规律及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(34):153-158
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[19]郭燕枝,王小虎,孙君茂.华北平原地下水漏斗区马铃薯替代小麦种植及由此节省的水资源量估算[J].中国农业科技导报,2014,16(6):159-163
[20]李新乐,侯向阳,穆怀彬.不同降水年型灌溉模式对苜蓿草产量及土壤水分动态的影响[J].中国草地学报,2013,35(5):46-52
[21]孟林,毛培春,张国芳.京郊平原苜蓿生产性能和耗水规律的研究[J].草业科学,2007,24(4):36-40
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[23]朱铁霞,邓波,王显国,等.灌水量对科尔沁沙地苜蓿草产量、土壤含水量及二者相关性的影响[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(4):35-40
[24]Brown P W,Tanner C.Alfalfa stem and leaf growth during water stress[J].Agronomy Journal,1983,75(5):799-805
[25]赵静,师尚礼,齐广平,等.灌溉量对苜蓿生产性能的影响[J].草原与草坪,2010,30(5):84-87
[26]吴景峰,郝跃颖.近50年衡水市浅层地下水位动态特征分析[J].地下水,2016,38(2):78-80
[27]王雪,陈国栋,张金龙,等.枣园间作条件下不同灌水处理对紫花苜蓿产量及水分利用率影响[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(12):2187-2193
[28]刘爱红,孙洪仁,孙雅源,等.灌溉量对紫花苜蓿水分利用效率和耗水系数的影响[J].草业与畜牧,2011(7):1-5
[29]马令法.河北坝上地区紫花苜蓿和羊草耗水规律的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2008
[30]张富川.苜蓿对水份的需要量及原理研究[J].四川草原,1994(2):17-20
[2]范文波,朱保荣,王振华,等.弃耕地苜蓿耗水规律的研究[J].节水灌溉,2003,2(4):9-10
[3]孙洪仁,刘国荣,张英俊,等.紫花苜蓿的需水量、耗水量、需水强度、耗水强度和水分利用效率研究[J].草业科学,2005,22(12):24-29
[4]Kramer Paul J,Boyer John S.Water relations of plants and soils[M].New York,Boston,Lodon,Sydney,Tokyo:Academic Press,1995,1911-1917
[5]辛业全,山仑,孙纪斌,等.宁南山区旱地农业增产技术体系研究[J].水土保持学报,1990,4(2):33-39
[6]山仑,张岁岐,李文娆.论苜蓿的生产力与抗旱性[J].中国农业科技导报,2008,10(1):12-17
[7]晋小军,黄高宝.陇东旱塬特大干旱年份苜蓿、黄花菜与主要作物的抗旱性比较[J].草业科学,2004,21(8):41-45
[8]杨恒山,孙德智,肖艳云,等.灌溉条件下紫花苜蓿留茬高度的再生效应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(4):185-190
[9]Sheaffer C C,Tanner C B.Alfalfa water relations and irrigation[A].In:Hanson A A ed.,Alfalfa and alfalfa improvement(Ag-ronomy Series Number 29)[C].American Society of Agronomy,Madison,Wisconsin,USA,1988,135-154
[10]朱湘宁,郭继勋,梁存桂,等.华北平原地区灌溉对苜蓿产量及土壤水分的影响[J].中国草地,2002,24(6):32-37
[11]陈萍,昝林森,陈林.不同灌溉量对紫花苜蓿生长和品质的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2011,32(5):43-47
[12]耿慧,徐安凯,栾博宇,等.不同灌水量对当年播种紫花苜蓿生长的影响[J].山东农业科学2012,44(9):51-53
[13]文霞,侯向阳,穆怀彬.灌水量对京南地区紫花苜蓿生产能力的影响[J].草业科学.2010,27(04):73-77
[14]郭学良,李卫军.不同灌溉方式对紫花苜蓿产量及灌溉水利用效率的影响[J].草地学报,2014,22(5):1086-1090
[15]陶雪,苏德荣,寇丹,等.西北旱区不同灌溉方式对苜蓿光合特性和产草量的影响[J].中国草地学报,2015,37(4):35-41
[16]万修福,徐洪雨,何峰,等.灌水频率对紫花苜蓿耗水规律及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(34):153-158
[17]陶雪,苏德荣,寇丹,等.西北旱区不同灌溉方式对苜蓿光合特性和产草量的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(1):114-120
[18]杨丽芝,张勇,刘春华.华北平原地下水资源功能衰退与可持续利用[J].工程勘察,2013,(6):48-55
[19]郭燕枝,王小虎,孙君茂.华北平原地下水漏斗区马铃薯替代小麦种植及由此节省的水资源量估算[J].中国农业科技导报,2014,16(6):159-163
[20]李新乐,侯向阳,穆怀彬.不同降水年型灌溉模式对苜蓿草产量及土壤水分动态的影响[J].中国草地学报,2013,35(5):46-52
[21]孟林,毛培春,张国芳.京郊平原苜蓿生产性能和耗水规律的研究[J].草业科学,2007,24(4):36-40
[22]Guitjens J C.Alfalfa irrigation during drought[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1993,119(6):1092-1098
[23]朱铁霞,邓波,王显国,等.灌水量对科尔沁沙地苜蓿草产量、土壤含水量及二者相关性的影响[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(4):35-40
[24]Brown P W,Tanner C.Alfalfa stem and leaf growth during water stress[J].Agronomy Journal,1983,75(5):799-805
[25]赵静,师尚礼,齐广平,等.灌溉量对苜蓿生产性能的影响[J].草原与草坪,2010,30(5):84-87
[26]吴景峰,郝跃颖.近50年衡水市浅层地下水位动态特征分析[J].地下水,2016,38(2):78-80
[27]王雪,陈国栋,张金龙,等.枣园间作条件下不同灌水处理对紫花苜蓿产量及水分利用率影响[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(12):2187-2193
[28]刘爱红,孙洪仁,孙雅源,等.灌溉量对紫花苜蓿水分利用效率和耗水系数的影响[J].草业与畜牧,2011(7):1-5
[29]马令法.河北坝上地区紫花苜蓿和羊草耗水规律的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2008
[30]张富川.苜蓿对水份的需要量及原理研究[J].四川草原,1994(2):17-20
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