间伐强度对栎类天然次生林幼苗更新的影响
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摘要
研究了不同间伐强度对栎类(Quercus)天然次生林幼苗更新特征的影响,对河南省桐柏山区、伏牛山区和太行山区中龄栎类天然次生林实施4种强度(对照:%;弱度:21%;中度:35%;重度:54%)的间伐,2年后调查林下幼苗更新密度、更新频度及更新多样性的变化。结果表明:对照、弱度、中度和重度间伐下幼苗更新密度分别为3 750、6 187、4 612和4 925株·hm~(-2);更新幼苗种类数分别为3、3、8和16种; Shannon-Weinner有效多样性指数分别为1. 95、1. 31、2. 65和5. 64。弱度间伐林下幼苗更新密度最大而重度间伐林下幼苗种类数最多,表明弱度间伐能提高林下幼苗天然更新密度,重度间伐强度会导致幼苗数量减少,却有利于树种多样性的维持。
Four thinning intensities( control,weak: 21%,moderate: 35%,severe: 54%) in natural secondary oak forests in Tongbai Mountain area,Funiu Mountain area and Taihang Mountain area of Henan province were used to study the effect of different thinning intensity on the regeneration characteristics of seedlings. Shifts of regeneration density,regeneration frequency,and regeneration diversity of seedlings were measured after two years of forest thinning. The results showed that the regeneration densities and species numbers of the seedlings of the control,weak,moderate and severe thinning treatments were 3 750,6 187,4 612 and 4 925 ind·hm~(-2) respectively,and species numbers of the seedlings of the above treatments were 3,3,8 and 16,respectively. The effective diversity indices of Shannon-Weinner diversity of seedlings of the control,weak,moderate and severe thinning treatments were 1. 95,1. 31,2. 65 and 5. 64,respectively. The study showed that the regeneration density under the weak thinning treatment was the highest,while the diversities of seedlings under the severe thinning treatment were the highest in natural secondary oak forests,which indicated that weak thinning could increase the natural regeneration density,while excessive thinning intensity would lead to a decrease in seedling numbers,but it would be beneficial to the maintenance of tree species diversity.
Four thinning intensities( control,weak: 21%,moderate: 35%,severe: 54%) in natural secondary oak forests in Tongbai Mountain area,Funiu Mountain area and Taihang Mountain area of Henan province were used to study the effect of different thinning intensity on the regeneration characteristics of seedlings. Shifts of regeneration density,regeneration frequency,and regeneration diversity of seedlings were measured after two years of forest thinning. The results showed that the regeneration densities and species numbers of the seedlings of the control,weak,moderate and severe thinning treatments were 3 750,6 187,4 612 and 4 925 ind·hm~(-2) respectively,and species numbers of the seedlings of the above treatments were 3,3,8 and 16,respectively. The effective diversity indices of Shannon-Weinner diversity of seedlings of the control,weak,moderate and severe thinning treatments were 1. 95,1. 31,2. 65 and 5. 64,respectively. The study showed that the regeneration density under the weak thinning treatment was the highest,while the diversities of seedlings under the severe thinning treatment were the highest in natural secondary oak forests,which indicated that weak thinning could increase the natural regeneration density,while excessive thinning intensity would lead to a decrease in seedling numbers,but it would be beneficial to the maintenance of tree species diversity.
引文
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[3]王德彩,郭丹丹,吴桂藏,等.杨树人工林表层土壤水分及养分特征对森林抚育的响应[J].河南农业大学学报,2017,51(02):163-169.
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[14]宋新章,张智婷,肖文发,等.长白山杨桦次生林采伐林隙幼苗更新动态[J].林业科学,2008,44(3):13-20.
[15]牛军强,曹永华,孙文泰,等.陇东旱塬苹果树冠不同部位叶片光合及荧光特性对间伐方式的响应[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2017,52(6):44-50.
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[19]李荣,何景峰,张文辉,等.近自然经营间伐对辽东栎林植物组成及林木更新的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(7):83-91.
[20]卢彦昌,张文辉,陆元昌.黄龙山林区不同培育措施对辽东栎种群结构与动态的影响[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(7):1407-1413.
[21]李荣,张文辉,何景峰,等.不同间伐措施对辽东栎幼苗自然更新及生长状况的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(1):52-60.
[22]王雪颖,曹若凡,樊鹏振,等.白云山国家森林公园大型真菌物种多样性与环境的关系[J].河南农业大学学报,2018,52(4):604-610.
[23]谌红辉,方升佐,丁贵杰,等.马尾松间伐的密度效应[J].林业科学,2010,46(5):84-91.
[24]雷相东,陆元昌,张会儒,等.抚育间伐对落叶松云冷杉混交林的影响[J].林业科学,2005,41(4):78-85.
[25]冉然,张文辉,何景峰,等.间伐强度对秦岭南坡栓皮栎天然林种群更新的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(3):695-701.
[26]ZHU J J,MATSUZAKI T,LEE F,et al.Effect of gap size created by thinning on seedling emergency,survival and establishment in acoastal pine forest[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2003,182(1/3):339-354.
[27]张树梓,李梅,张树彬,等.塞罕坝华北落叶松人工林天然更新影响因子[J].生态学报,2015,35(16):5403-5411.
[28]宋鸽,殷有,刘淑玲,等.沙地樟子松人工林的天然更新特征[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(13):120-123.
[2]ARES A,NEILL A R,PUETTMANN K J.Understory abundance,species diversity and functional attribute response to thinning in coniferous stands[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2010,260(7):1104-1113.
[3]王德彩,郭丹丹,吴桂藏,等.杨树人工林表层土壤水分及养分特征对森林抚育的响应[J].河南农业大学学报,2017,51(02):163-169.
[4]程瑞梅,沈雅飞,封晓辉,等.森林自然更新研究进展[J].浙江农林大学学报,2018,35(5):955-967.
[5]韩有志,王政权.森林更新与空间异质性[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(5):615-619.
[6]贾炜玮,解希涛,姜生伟,等.大兴安岭新林林业局3种林分类型天然更新幼苗幼树的空间分布格局[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(9):2813-2822.
[7]罗梅,郑小贤.金沟岭林场落叶松人工林天然更新动态研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(9):7-11.
[8]MANIRAM M,GEORG G,WILLIAMH R,et al.Regeneration of mixed conifer forests under group tree selection harvest management in western Bhutan Himalayas[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2009,257(10):2121-2132.
[9]王彬,王辉,杨君珑.子午岭油松林更新特征研究[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(5):58-60.
[10]孟庆军,刘心娟,路国兵.抚育间伐对鲁中山区油松人工林生长的影响[J].林业科技开发,2015,29(1):130-132.
[11]鲍斌,丁贵杰.抚育间伐对马尾松林分生长与植物多样性的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(3):30-33.
[12]杨育林,李贤伟,王海明,等.抚育间伐对川中丘陵区柏木人工林生长和植物多样性的影响[J].山地学报,2015,33(2):199-207.
[13]于海群,刘勇,李国雷,等.油松幼龄人工林土壤质量对间伐强度的响应[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(3):65-70.
[14]宋新章,张智婷,肖文发,等.长白山杨桦次生林采伐林隙幼苗更新动态[J].林业科学,2008,44(3):13-20.
[15]牛军强,曹永华,孙文泰,等.陇东旱塬苹果树冠不同部位叶片光合及荧光特性对间伐方式的响应[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2017,52(6):44-50.
[16]CHRIMES D,NILSON K.Overstorey density influence on the height of Picea abies regeneration in northern Sweden[J].Forestry,2005,78(4):433-442.
[17]JOST L,BANOS,TUNGURAHUA,et al.Entropy and diversity[J].Oikos,2006,113(2):363-375.
[18]OTTO R,GARCIA-DEL-REY E,MENDEZ J,et al.Effects of thinning on seed rain,regeneration and understory vegetation in a Pinus canariensis,plantation(Tenerife,Canary Islands)[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2012,280(3):71-81.
[19]李荣,何景峰,张文辉,等.近自然经营间伐对辽东栎林植物组成及林木更新的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(7):83-91.
[20]卢彦昌,张文辉,陆元昌.黄龙山林区不同培育措施对辽东栎种群结构与动态的影响[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(7):1407-1413.
[21]李荣,张文辉,何景峰,等.不同间伐措施对辽东栎幼苗自然更新及生长状况的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(1):52-60.
[22]王雪颖,曹若凡,樊鹏振,等.白云山国家森林公园大型真菌物种多样性与环境的关系[J].河南农业大学学报,2018,52(4):604-610.
[23]谌红辉,方升佐,丁贵杰,等.马尾松间伐的密度效应[J].林业科学,2010,46(5):84-91.
[24]雷相东,陆元昌,张会儒,等.抚育间伐对落叶松云冷杉混交林的影响[J].林业科学,2005,41(4):78-85.
[25]冉然,张文辉,何景峰,等.间伐强度对秦岭南坡栓皮栎天然林种群更新的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(3):695-701.
[26]ZHU J J,MATSUZAKI T,LEE F,et al.Effect of gap size created by thinning on seedling emergency,survival and establishment in acoastal pine forest[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2003,182(1/3):339-354.
[27]张树梓,李梅,张树彬,等.塞罕坝华北落叶松人工林天然更新影响因子[J].生态学报,2015,35(16):5403-5411.
[28]宋鸽,殷有,刘淑玲,等.沙地樟子松人工林的天然更新特征[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(13):120-123.
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