施氮量对双季稻产量及氮磷钾吸收利用的影响
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摘要
研究不同施氮量对双季稻产量、氮磷钾积累量及氮磷钾利用率的影响,同时探讨双季稻吸收利用氮、磷、钾素三者间的相互关系。通过田间试验研究施氮量不同、磷钾投入量相同条件下的双季稻产量、双季稻氮、磷、钾积累量、双季稻氮、磷、钾素利用效率及磷钾吸收利用与氮吸收利用的关系。结果表明:双季稻产量在一定范围内(早稻0～105 kg/hm~2,晚稻0～146 kg/hm~2)随施氮量的增加而提高,之后产量随施氮量增加而降低。本试验施氮条件下,早稻产量最高的处理为75%N(105 kg/hm~2),比CK(不施化肥)增产58.1%;晚稻产量最高的处理为100%N(146 kg/hm~2)处理,比CK增产67.6%。施氮水平对双季稻植株氮、磷、钾养分积累量有显著影响,早、晚稻稻谷氮、磷、钾积累量均以100%N处理最高。不同施氮水平对氮、磷、钾养分利用效率也有显著影响。适宜的施氮量可以增加双季稻产量,促进水稻对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收,同时提高双季稻的氮、磷、钾素利用效率。综合考虑双季稻产量效应及氮磷钾养分的有效吸收利用,双季稻施氮量为105～146 kg/hm~2较为适宜。
A field experiment was conducted to study the yield of double cropping rice and its uptake of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K). The fertilizer utilization efficiencies and the relationships between the absorption and utilization efficiencies of P and K and N uptake and utilization were also measured under the different applications in N but the same in P and K. Our results showed that the rice yield was increased by moderate N application, however, high N showed negative effects on crop production. As for N application, 75%N treatment gained the highest yield for early rice, which was increased by 58.1% compared with CK without fertilizer application. And 100%N treatment had the highest yield for late rice, 67.6% more than CK. The accumulations of N, P and K in rice plants were significantly affected by N application levels. The accumulations of N, P and K in early and late rice grains were the highest under 100%N treatment, and their accumulations in rice plants were also higher than other treatments. Different nitrogen levels also had significant effects on N, P and K nutrient utilization efficiency. Our results showed a significant correlation between the accumulation of P and K and the accumulation of N in the early and late rice plants. The apparent use efficiencies and agronomy efficiencies of P and K were correlated positively with N accumulations in rice plants, respectively. Moderate N application could increase the yield of double cropping rice, promote the absorption of N, P and K by rice, and improve their utilization efficiencies. In this research, considering the yield effects of double cropping rice and the fertilizer utilization efficiencies, the suitable N application rate should be between 105 kg N/hm~2 and 146 kg N/hm~2.
A field experiment was conducted to study the yield of double cropping rice and its uptake of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K). The fertilizer utilization efficiencies and the relationships between the absorption and utilization efficiencies of P and K and N uptake and utilization were also measured under the different applications in N but the same in P and K. Our results showed that the rice yield was increased by moderate N application, however, high N showed negative effects on crop production. As for N application, 75%N treatment gained the highest yield for early rice, which was increased by 58.1% compared with CK without fertilizer application. And 100%N treatment had the highest yield for late rice, 67.6% more than CK. The accumulations of N, P and K in rice plants were significantly affected by N application levels. The accumulations of N, P and K in early and late rice grains were the highest under 100%N treatment, and their accumulations in rice plants were also higher than other treatments. Different nitrogen levels also had significant effects on N, P and K nutrient utilization efficiency. Our results showed a significant correlation between the accumulation of P and K and the accumulation of N in the early and late rice plants. The apparent use efficiencies and agronomy efficiencies of P and K were correlated positively with N accumulations in rice plants, respectively. Moderate N application could increase the yield of double cropping rice, promote the absorption of N, P and K by rice, and improve their utilization efficiencies. In this research, considering the yield effects of double cropping rice and the fertilizer utilization efficiencies, the suitable N application rate should be between 105 kg N/hm~2 and 146 kg N/hm~2.
引文
[1] 朱兆良,金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):259-273.
[2] 王晓龙,李辉信,胡锋,等.红壤小流域不同土地利用方式下土壤N,P流失特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(5): 31-34.
[3] 张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.
[4] 曹彬彬,周丕生,史益敏.不同氮素水平对风信子磷素与钾素累积的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2010,28(4):373-378.
[5] 齐田锋,吕守忠,于振文.不同施氮量对冬小麦吸磷特性和产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,1994(6):10-12.
[6] 高磊,李余良,李高科,等.施氮量对南方甜玉米钾素吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(3):609-616.
[7] Zhang F S, Niu J F, Zhang W F, et al. Potassium nutrition of crops under varied regimes of nitrogen supply[J].Plant and Soil,2010,335(1/2):21-34.
[8] 侯云鹏,韩立国,孔丽丽,等.不同施氮水平下水稻的养分吸收、转运及土壤氮素平衡[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):836-845.
[9] 鲁艳红,廖育林,汤海涛,等.不同施氮量对水稻产量、氮素吸收及利用效率的影响[J].农业现代化研究,2010,31(4):479-483.
[10] 鲁艳红,聂军,廖育林,等.不同控释氮肥减量施用对双季水稻产量和氮素利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(2):155-161.
[11] 赵福成,景立权,闫发宝,等.施氮量对甜玉米产量、品质和蔗糖代谢酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(1):45-53.
[12] 左青松,杨海燕,冷锁虎,等.施氮量对油菜氮素积累和运转及氮素利用率的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(3):511-518.
[13] 侯云鹏,杨建,李前,等.施氮对水稻产量、氮素利用及土壤无机氮积累的影响[J].土壤通报,2016,47(1):118-124.
[14] 朱坚,石丽红,田发祥,等.湖南典型双季稻田氨挥发对施氮量的响应研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(5):1129-1138.
[15] 何萍,金继运,Pampolino,等.基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):499-505.
[16] 鲁艳红,聂军,廖育林,等.氮素抑制剂对双季稻产量、氮素利用效率及土壤氮平衡的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(1):95-104.
[17] 鲁艳红,廖育林,聂军,等.紫云英与尿素或控释尿素配施对双季稻产量及氮钾利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(2):360-368.
[18] 董桂春,陈琛,袁秋梅,等.氮肥处理对氮素高效吸收水稻根系性状及氮肥利用率的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):642-651.
[19] 陈晓光,丁艳锋,唐忠厚,等.氮肥施用量对甘薯产量和品质性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):979-986.
[20] 王秀斌,徐新朋,孙刚,等.氮肥用量对双季稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(6):1279-1286.
[21] 刘桃菊,朱冰,江绍琳,等.施氮量对双季稻氮素吸收和产量的影响及其优化[J].浙江农业学报,2014,26(4):1004-1009.
[22] Aslam M M, Zeeshan M, Irum A, et al. Influence of seedling age and nitrogen rates on productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.): A review[J].American Journal of Plant Sciences,2015,6(9):1361-1369.
[23] 郭晨,徐正伟,李小坤,等.不同施氮处理对水稻产量、氮素吸收及利用率的影响[J].土壤,2014,46(4):618-622.
[24] 王秀斌,徐新朋,孙静文,等.氮肥运筹对机插双季稻产量、氮肥利用率及经济效益的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1167-1176.
[25] 段云佳,谭玲,张巨松,等.施氮量对枣棉间作系统棉花干物质和氮素积累的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(6):1441-1448.
[26] Artacho P, Bonomelli C, Meza F. Nitrogen application in irrigated rice grown in mediterranean conditions: Effects on grain yield, dry matter production, nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2009,32(9):1574-1593.
[27] 叶全宝,张洪程,魏海燕,等.不同土壤及氮肥条件下水稻氮利用效率和增产效应研究[J].作物学报,2005,31(11):1422-1428.
[28] 廖育林,鲁艳红,谢坚,等.紫云英配施控释氮肥对早稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):190-195
[29] 陆景陵.植物营养学(上)[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003:211-212.
[30] 闫湘,金继运,何萍,等.提高肥料利用率技术研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(2):450-459.
[31] 李伶俐,房卫平,马宗斌,等.施氮量对杂交棉氮、磷、钾吸收利用和产量及品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):663-667.
[32] 胡国智,冯炯鑫,张炎,等.不同施氮量对甜瓜养分吸收、分配、利用及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):760-766.
[33] 汤明尧,张炎,胡伟,等.不同施氮水平对加工番茄养分吸收、分配及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(5):1238-1245.
[34] 王伟妮,鲁剑巍,何予卿,等.氮、磷、钾肥对水稻产量、品质及养分吸收利用的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(6):645-653.
[2] 王晓龙,李辉信,胡锋,等.红壤小流域不同土地利用方式下土壤N,P流失特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(5): 31-34.
[3] 张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.
[4] 曹彬彬,周丕生,史益敏.不同氮素水平对风信子磷素与钾素累积的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2010,28(4):373-378.
[5] 齐田锋,吕守忠,于振文.不同施氮量对冬小麦吸磷特性和产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,1994(6):10-12.
[6] 高磊,李余良,李高科,等.施氮量对南方甜玉米钾素吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(3):609-616.
[7] Zhang F S, Niu J F, Zhang W F, et al. Potassium nutrition of crops under varied regimes of nitrogen supply[J].Plant and Soil,2010,335(1/2):21-34.
[8] 侯云鹏,韩立国,孔丽丽,等.不同施氮水平下水稻的养分吸收、转运及土壤氮素平衡[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):836-845.
[9] 鲁艳红,廖育林,汤海涛,等.不同施氮量对水稻产量、氮素吸收及利用效率的影响[J].农业现代化研究,2010,31(4):479-483.
[10] 鲁艳红,聂军,廖育林,等.不同控释氮肥减量施用对双季水稻产量和氮素利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(2):155-161.
[11] 赵福成,景立权,闫发宝,等.施氮量对甜玉米产量、品质和蔗糖代谢酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(1):45-53.
[12] 左青松,杨海燕,冷锁虎,等.施氮量对油菜氮素积累和运转及氮素利用率的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(3):511-518.
[13] 侯云鹏,杨建,李前,等.施氮对水稻产量、氮素利用及土壤无机氮积累的影响[J].土壤通报,2016,47(1):118-124.
[14] 朱坚,石丽红,田发祥,等.湖南典型双季稻田氨挥发对施氮量的响应研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(5):1129-1138.
[15] 何萍,金继运,Pampolino,等.基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):499-505.
[16] 鲁艳红,聂军,廖育林,等.氮素抑制剂对双季稻产量、氮素利用效率及土壤氮平衡的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(1):95-104.
[17] 鲁艳红,廖育林,聂军,等.紫云英与尿素或控释尿素配施对双季稻产量及氮钾利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(2):360-368.
[18] 董桂春,陈琛,袁秋梅,等.氮肥处理对氮素高效吸收水稻根系性状及氮肥利用率的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):642-651.
[19] 陈晓光,丁艳锋,唐忠厚,等.氮肥施用量对甘薯产量和品质性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):979-986.
[20] 王秀斌,徐新朋,孙刚,等.氮肥用量对双季稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(6):1279-1286.
[21] 刘桃菊,朱冰,江绍琳,等.施氮量对双季稻氮素吸收和产量的影响及其优化[J].浙江农业学报,2014,26(4):1004-1009.
[22] Aslam M M, Zeeshan M, Irum A, et al. Influence of seedling age and nitrogen rates on productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.): A review[J].American Journal of Plant Sciences,2015,6(9):1361-1369.
[23] 郭晨,徐正伟,李小坤,等.不同施氮处理对水稻产量、氮素吸收及利用率的影响[J].土壤,2014,46(4):618-622.
[24] 王秀斌,徐新朋,孙静文,等.氮肥运筹对机插双季稻产量、氮肥利用率及经济效益的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1167-1176.
[25] 段云佳,谭玲,张巨松,等.施氮量对枣棉间作系统棉花干物质和氮素积累的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(6):1441-1448.
[26] Artacho P, Bonomelli C, Meza F. Nitrogen application in irrigated rice grown in mediterranean conditions: Effects on grain yield, dry matter production, nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2009,32(9):1574-1593.
[27] 叶全宝,张洪程,魏海燕,等.不同土壤及氮肥条件下水稻氮利用效率和增产效应研究[J].作物学报,2005,31(11):1422-1428.
[28] 廖育林,鲁艳红,谢坚,等.紫云英配施控释氮肥对早稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):190-195
[29] 陆景陵.植物营养学(上)[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003:211-212.
[30] 闫湘,金继运,何萍,等.提高肥料利用率技术研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(2):450-459.
[31] 李伶俐,房卫平,马宗斌,等.施氮量对杂交棉氮、磷、钾吸收利用和产量及品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):663-667.
[32] 胡国智,冯炯鑫,张炎,等.不同施氮量对甜瓜养分吸收、分配、利用及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):760-766.
[33] 汤明尧,张炎,胡伟,等.不同施氮水平对加工番茄养分吸收、分配及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(5):1238-1245.
[34] 王伟妮,鲁剑巍,何予卿,等.氮、磷、钾肥对水稻产量、品质及养分吸收利用的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(6):645-653.
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