弹齿式清秸装置防止残茬回带机构设计与试验优化
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摘要
为解决2BMFJ系列玉米免耕播种机清秸装置侧向抛撒残茬时,清秸工作部件残茬回带和动土量较大问题,设计了一种弹齿式清秸装置防止残茬回带机构,通过理论分析确定关键部件主要结构参数,应用三因素三水平正交试验法,以机具作业速度、清秸弹齿与带轮圆周外法线方向后偏角和主动带轮转速为试验因素,以残茬清除率和残茬回带率为评价指标,对影响清秸装置性能的结构与作业参数进行试验与优化研究,试验结果表明:在机具作业速度2. 0 m/s,弹齿与带轮圆周外法线方向后偏角30°,主动带轮转速450 r/min时,残茬清除率95. 5%、残茬回带率1. 38%。该机构在保证作业幅内残茬清除质量的同时,可有效减少残茬回带,为2BMFJ系列原茬地免耕播种机高质量种床准备、提高防堵性能提供了技术支撑。
The 2BMFJ series of precision seeder for no-tillage mulch straw in stubble field developed by Northeast Agricultural University integrated seed bed preparation,stubble prevention,precision seeding,deep fertilization,covering and compacting soil,spraying potions,covering straw evenly and other functions,the original stubble field with high quality and precision seeding operations was completed. It has become an important technical means to ensure the combination of intensive cultivation and conservation tillage. In order to solve the problem of large amount of straw return during the operation of the spring-tooth cleaning plant,it was of great significance to study a kind of prevent bring back stubble mechanism. Therefore,based on the existing stubble no-tillage mulch straw precision seeder spring-tooth cleaning device,the prevent bring back stubble linkage mechanism was added. By modeling and analyzing the lateral throwing residual of the linkage mechanism,the change rule of rear deviation angle in the direction of outer normal line of the pulley was determined. The minimum rotational speed of the drive pulley was obtained by theoretical analysis of the stubble conveying with spring-tooth. Based on the theoretical analysis of soil cutting length, the structural parameters between the spring-tooth were obtained. In order to obtain rules of the spring-tooth on the residual stubble,the structural parameters of the prevent bring back stubble linkage mechanism were determined. The experiment was carried out by using the method of L_9( 3~4) orthogonal test. The working speed,deflection of spring-tooth and rotational speed of drive pulley were selected. The rate of straw removal and the rate of straw return were taken as the evaluation indexes. The results showed that the working speed and the rotational speed of drive pulley had an extreme significant effect on the straw removal rate of seed bed( P < 0. 01). The effect of the angle on the straw return rate was significant( 0. 01 < P < 0. 05). The optimum parameters were as follows: the working speed was 2. 0 m/s,the angle was 30°,and the rotational speed of drive pulley was 450 r/min. The straw removal rate of the bed was 95. 5% and the straw return rate was 1. 38%. Based on this,the structural parameters of the prevent bring back stubble mechanism bands were calculated by using Maple 18 software,which was 80 mm and 160 mm. The prevent bring back stubble mechanism improved the applicability of 2BMFJ series projectile no-tillage planter,and provided equipment and technical support for the comprehensive popularization and application of conservation tillage technology.
The 2BMFJ series of precision seeder for no-tillage mulch straw in stubble field developed by Northeast Agricultural University integrated seed bed preparation,stubble prevention,precision seeding,deep fertilization,covering and compacting soil,spraying potions,covering straw evenly and other functions,the original stubble field with high quality and precision seeding operations was completed. It has become an important technical means to ensure the combination of intensive cultivation and conservation tillage. In order to solve the problem of large amount of straw return during the operation of the spring-tooth cleaning plant,it was of great significance to study a kind of prevent bring back stubble mechanism. Therefore,based on the existing stubble no-tillage mulch straw precision seeder spring-tooth cleaning device,the prevent bring back stubble linkage mechanism was added. By modeling and analyzing the lateral throwing residual of the linkage mechanism,the change rule of rear deviation angle in the direction of outer normal line of the pulley was determined. The minimum rotational speed of the drive pulley was obtained by theoretical analysis of the stubble conveying with spring-tooth. Based on the theoretical analysis of soil cutting length, the structural parameters between the spring-tooth were obtained. In order to obtain rules of the spring-tooth on the residual stubble,the structural parameters of the prevent bring back stubble linkage mechanism were determined. The experiment was carried out by using the method of L_9( 3~4) orthogonal test. The working speed,deflection of spring-tooth and rotational speed of drive pulley were selected. The rate of straw removal and the rate of straw return were taken as the evaluation indexes. The results showed that the working speed and the rotational speed of drive pulley had an extreme significant effect on the straw removal rate of seed bed( P < 0. 01). The effect of the angle on the straw return rate was significant( 0. 01 < P < 0. 05). The optimum parameters were as follows: the working speed was 2. 0 m/s,the angle was 30°,and the rotational speed of drive pulley was 450 r/min. The straw removal rate of the bed was 95. 5% and the straw return rate was 1. 38%. Based on this,the structural parameters of the prevent bring back stubble mechanism bands were calculated by using Maple 18 software,which was 80 mm and 160 mm. The prevent bring back stubble mechanism improved the applicability of 2BMFJ series projectile no-tillage planter,and provided equipment and technical support for the comprehensive popularization and application of conservation tillage technology.
引文
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[5]王韦韦,朱存玺,陈黎卿,等.玉米免耕播种机主动式秸秆移位防堵装置的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(24):10-17.WANG Weiwei,ZHU Cunxi,CHEN Liqing,et al.Design and experiment of active straw-removing anti-blocking device for maize no-tillage planter[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(24):10-17.(in Chinese)
[6]卢彩云,李洪文,何进,等.小麦免耕播种机浮动支撑式防堵装置[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(12):52-55,153.LU Caiyun,LI Hongwen,HE Jin,et al.Floated support anti-blocking device of wheat no-till seeder[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(12):52-55,153.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20131209&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.12.009.(in Chinese)
[7]陈海涛,纪文义,王汉羊,等.定轴刚齿式茬地种床整备装置.CN102415233A[P].2012-04-18.
[8]纪文义,陈海涛,王汉羊,等.弹齿式茬地免耕清秸覆秸条播机.CN202232055U[P].2012-05-30.
[9]何进,李洪文,王庆杰,等.动力甩刀式小麦固定垄免耕播种机[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(10):51-55,67.HE Jin,LI Hongwen,WANG Qingjie,et al.Powered blade no-till wheat seeder for permanent raised beds[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(10):51-55,67.(in Chinese)
[10]王庆杰,何进,李洪文,等.免耕播种机开沟防堵单元体设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(1):27-31.WANG Qingjie,HE Jin,LI Hongwen,et al.Design and experiment on furrowing and anti-blocking unit forno-till planter[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(1):27-31.(in Chinese)
[11]苟文,马荣朝,杨文钰,等.小麦免耕播种机开沟器的设计[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(增刊):21-25.GOU Wen,MA Rongchao,YANG Wenyu,et al.Design of opener on no-till wheat seeder[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(Supp.):21-25.(in Chinese)
[12]朱惠斌,李洪文,何进,等.稻茬地双轴驱动防堵式小麦免耕播种机[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(6):39-44.ZHU Huibin,LI Hongwen,HE Jin,et al.No-till wheat seeder with two-axel drive anti-blocking in rice stubble field[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(6):39-44.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20130608&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.06.008.(in Chinese)
[13]陈海涛,查韶辉,顿国强,等.2BMFJ系列免耕精量播种机清秸装置优化与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):96-102.CHEN Haitao,ZHA Shaohui,DUN Guoqiang,et al.Optimization and experiment of cleaning device of 2BMFJ type no-till precision planter[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(7):96-102.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160714&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.07.014.(in Chinese)
[14]王汉羊,陈海涛,纪文义.2BMFJ-3型麦茬地免耕精播机防堵装置[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(4):64-70.WANG Hanyang,CHEN Haitao,JI Wenyi.Anti-blocking mechanism of type 2BMFJ-3 no-till precision planter for wheat stubble fields[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(4):64-70.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20130412&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.012.(in Chinese)
[15]高焕文,李洪文,李问盈.保护性耕作的发展[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(9):43-48.GAO Huanwen,LI Hongwen,LI Wenying.Development of conservation tillage[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(9):43-48.(in Chinese)
[16]林静,李宝筏,李宏哲.阿基米德螺线型破茬开沟和切拨防堵装置的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(17):10-19.LIN Jing,LI Baofa,LI Hongzhe.Design and experiment of Archimedes spiral type stubble breaking ditching device and stubble breaking anti blocking device[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(17):10-19.(in Chinese)
[17]林静,李博,李宝筏,等.阿基米德螺线型缺口圆盘破茬刀参数优化与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(6):118-124.LIN Jing,LI Bo,LI Baofa,et al.Parameter optimization and experiment on Archimedes spiral type of gap cutting disc[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(6):118-124.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20140619&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.06.019.(in Chinese)
[18]潘茹京.玉米根茬和土壤相互作用的力学特性研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2012.PAN Rujing.Study on mechanical properties of interaction of the corn stubble and soil[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012.(in Chinese)
[19]顿国强.大垄密植原茬地免耕精量播种机关键技术研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2013.DUN Guoqiang.Key technology research of severe no-tillage precision seeder for a corn big ridge with original stubble[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
[20]顿国强,陈海涛,李昂,等.刀齿排布旋向对免耕覆秸精播机清秸单体性能的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(12):48-56.DUN Guoqiang,CHEN Haitao,LI Ang,et al.Effect of rotation direction of knife teeth configuration on clearing straw unit performance for no-tillage and straw-mulching precision seeder[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(12):48-56.(in Chinese)
[21]陈争光,王德福,李利桥,等.玉米秸秆皮拉伸和剪切特性试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(21):59-65.CHEN Zhengguang,WANG Defu,LI Liqiao,et al.Experiment on tensile and shearing characteristics of rind of corn stalk[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(21):59-65.(in Chinese)
[22]曾百功.玉米根茬收集装置研制及关键机构机理分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2013.ZENG Baigong.Development of maize stubble harvesting machine and mechanism analysis of its key components[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2013.(in Chinese)
[2]FALLAHI S,RAPUFAT M H.Row-crop planter attachments in a conservation tillage system:a comparative study[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2008,98(1):27-34.
[3]AHMAD F,DING W,DING Q,et al.Forces and straw cutting performance of double disc furrow opener in no-till paddy soil[J].Plos One,2015,10(3):e0119648.
[4]赵宏波,何进,李洪文,等.条带式旋切后抛防堵装置设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(5):65-75.ZHAO Hongbo,HE Jin,LI Hongwen,et al.Design and experiment of strip rotary-cut-throw anti-blocking implement[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(5):65-75.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20180508&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.05.008.(in Chinese)
[5]王韦韦,朱存玺,陈黎卿,等.玉米免耕播种机主动式秸秆移位防堵装置的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(24):10-17.WANG Weiwei,ZHU Cunxi,CHEN Liqing,et al.Design and experiment of active straw-removing anti-blocking device for maize no-tillage planter[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(24):10-17.(in Chinese)
[6]卢彩云,李洪文,何进,等.小麦免耕播种机浮动支撑式防堵装置[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(12):52-55,153.LU Caiyun,LI Hongwen,HE Jin,et al.Floated support anti-blocking device of wheat no-till seeder[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(12):52-55,153.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20131209&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.12.009.(in Chinese)
[7]陈海涛,纪文义,王汉羊,等.定轴刚齿式茬地种床整备装置.CN102415233A[P].2012-04-18.
[8]纪文义,陈海涛,王汉羊,等.弹齿式茬地免耕清秸覆秸条播机.CN202232055U[P].2012-05-30.
[9]何进,李洪文,王庆杰,等.动力甩刀式小麦固定垄免耕播种机[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(10):51-55,67.HE Jin,LI Hongwen,WANG Qingjie,et al.Powered blade no-till wheat seeder for permanent raised beds[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(10):51-55,67.(in Chinese)
[10]王庆杰,何进,李洪文,等.免耕播种机开沟防堵单元体设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(1):27-31.WANG Qingjie,HE Jin,LI Hongwen,et al.Design and experiment on furrowing and anti-blocking unit forno-till planter[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(1):27-31.(in Chinese)
[11]苟文,马荣朝,杨文钰,等.小麦免耕播种机开沟器的设计[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(增刊):21-25.GOU Wen,MA Rongchao,YANG Wenyu,et al.Design of opener on no-till wheat seeder[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(Supp.):21-25.(in Chinese)
[12]朱惠斌,李洪文,何进,等.稻茬地双轴驱动防堵式小麦免耕播种机[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(6):39-44.ZHU Huibin,LI Hongwen,HE Jin,et al.No-till wheat seeder with two-axel drive anti-blocking in rice stubble field[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(6):39-44.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20130608&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.06.008.(in Chinese)
[13]陈海涛,查韶辉,顿国强,等.2BMFJ系列免耕精量播种机清秸装置优化与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):96-102.CHEN Haitao,ZHA Shaohui,DUN Guoqiang,et al.Optimization and experiment of cleaning device of 2BMFJ type no-till precision planter[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(7):96-102.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160714&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.07.014.(in Chinese)
[14]王汉羊,陈海涛,纪文义.2BMFJ-3型麦茬地免耕精播机防堵装置[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(4):64-70.WANG Hanyang,CHEN Haitao,JI Wenyi.Anti-blocking mechanism of type 2BMFJ-3 no-till precision planter for wheat stubble fields[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(4):64-70.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20130412&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.012.(in Chinese)
[15]高焕文,李洪文,李问盈.保护性耕作的发展[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(9):43-48.GAO Huanwen,LI Hongwen,LI Wenying.Development of conservation tillage[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(9):43-48.(in Chinese)
[16]林静,李宝筏,李宏哲.阿基米德螺线型破茬开沟和切拨防堵装置的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(17):10-19.LIN Jing,LI Baofa,LI Hongzhe.Design and experiment of Archimedes spiral type stubble breaking ditching device and stubble breaking anti blocking device[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(17):10-19.(in Chinese)
[17]林静,李博,李宝筏,等.阿基米德螺线型缺口圆盘破茬刀参数优化与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(6):118-124.LIN Jing,LI Bo,LI Baofa,et al.Parameter optimization and experiment on Archimedes spiral type of gap cutting disc[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(6):118-124.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20140619&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.06.019.(in Chinese)
[18]潘茹京.玉米根茬和土壤相互作用的力学特性研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2012.PAN Rujing.Study on mechanical properties of interaction of the corn stubble and soil[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012.(in Chinese)
[19]顿国强.大垄密植原茬地免耕精量播种机关键技术研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2013.DUN Guoqiang.Key technology research of severe no-tillage precision seeder for a corn big ridge with original stubble[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
[20]顿国强,陈海涛,李昂,等.刀齿排布旋向对免耕覆秸精播机清秸单体性能的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(12):48-56.DUN Guoqiang,CHEN Haitao,LI Ang,et al.Effect of rotation direction of knife teeth configuration on clearing straw unit performance for no-tillage and straw-mulching precision seeder[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(12):48-56.(in Chinese)
[21]陈争光,王德福,李利桥,等.玉米秸秆皮拉伸和剪切特性试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(21):59-65.CHEN Zhengguang,WANG Defu,LI Liqiao,et al.Experiment on tensile and shearing characteristics of rind of corn stalk[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(21):59-65.(in Chinese)
[22]曾百功.玉米根茬收集装置研制及关键机构机理分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2013.ZENG Baigong.Development of maize stubble harvesting machine and mechanism analysis of its key components[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2013.(in Chinese)
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