地表覆盖方式对桃果实发育过程中果实品质指标的影响
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摘要
采用信阳五月鲜桃为试验材料,设置覆膜和覆膜+覆秸秆(膜+秸秆)两种地表覆盖栽培方式,以清耕(CK)为对照,测定桃果实发育过程中可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、花青苷含量的动态变化,研究不同地表覆盖方式对信阳五月鲜桃果实生长发育的影响。结果表明:两种地表覆盖方式下,信阳五月鲜桃果实发育过程中可溶性固形物、花青苷、可溶性糖含量变化均为前期上升趋势缓慢,盛花期78d后迅速增加;而桃果实中可滴定酸含量随着果实成熟度的增加而逐渐降低。信阳五月鲜桃果实成熟期(盛花期后93d),覆膜处理的桃果实中的可滴定酸含量较低,可溶性固形物、花青苷和可溶性糖含量较高,与CK和膜+秸秆处理相比差异显著;膜+秸秆处理的桃果实中花青苷含量与CK相比显著增加。信阳五月鲜桃果实发育过程中果实中可溶性固形物、花青苷、可溶性糖含量之间分别存在显著正相关,并均与可滴定酸含量呈显著负相关。总之,桃果实品质指标在果实发育过程中存在显著相关性,并且在果实成熟期迅速变化;桃树生产上应用单一覆膜能显著提高果实品质。
Using Xinyang May fresh peach as test materials, setting two mulching cultivation methods, including film mulching and film mulching with straw covering, and with the open field cultivation(CK)as contrast, the dynamic changes of soluble sugar, titratable acid, soluble solids and anthocyanin in the development of peach fruit were determined to study the effects of different land cover modes on the growth and development of xinyang fresh peach fruit. The results show that the contents of soluble solids, anthocyanin and soluble sugar in Xinyang fresh peach fruits during the development of the two mulching cultivation methods all increase slowly in the early stage and increase rapidly after 78 d in the flowering stage. The content of titrable acid in peach fruit decreases with the increase of fruit maturity. The content of titratable acid and soluble solid, anthocyanin and soluble sugar in the peach fruits treated with mulching film is lower in the mature stage(93 d after flowering) than that treated with CK and membrane with straw. The content of anthocyanin in peach fruit treated with membrane and straw is significantly increased compared with CK. There are significant positive correlations among soluble solids, anthocyanin and soluble sugar contents in Xinyang fresh peach fruits during fruit development, and all of them are negatively correlated with titratable acid contents. In conclusion, there is a significant correlation between fruit quality indexes and fruit development, and the indexes changed rapidly in the mature stage. The application of single film mulching in peach production can significantly improve fruit quality.
Using Xinyang May fresh peach as test materials, setting two mulching cultivation methods, including film mulching and film mulching with straw covering, and with the open field cultivation(CK)as contrast, the dynamic changes of soluble sugar, titratable acid, soluble solids and anthocyanin in the development of peach fruit were determined to study the effects of different land cover modes on the growth and development of xinyang fresh peach fruit. The results show that the contents of soluble solids, anthocyanin and soluble sugar in Xinyang fresh peach fruits during the development of the two mulching cultivation methods all increase slowly in the early stage and increase rapidly after 78 d in the flowering stage. The content of titrable acid in peach fruit decreases with the increase of fruit maturity. The content of titratable acid and soluble solid, anthocyanin and soluble sugar in the peach fruits treated with mulching film is lower in the mature stage(93 d after flowering) than that treated with CK and membrane with straw. The content of anthocyanin in peach fruit treated with membrane and straw is significantly increased compared with CK. There are significant positive correlations among soluble solids, anthocyanin and soluble sugar contents in Xinyang fresh peach fruits during fruit development, and all of them are negatively correlated with titratable acid contents. In conclusion, there is a significant correlation between fruit quality indexes and fruit development, and the indexes changed rapidly in the mature stage. The application of single film mulching in peach production can significantly improve fruit quality.
引文
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[13] 施春晖,骆军,王晓庆,等.'红阳'猕猴桃设施栽培与露地栽培比较研究[J].上海农业学报,2014,30(6):24-28.
[14] 姜妮.成熟期地表覆膜对柑橘果实糖酸积累及糖酸代谢相关酶的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[15] 尹晓宁,马明,刘兴禄,等.不同覆草量苹果园土壤水温效应及对树体生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(1):41-49.
[16] Prior R L,Lazarus S A,Cao G,et al. Identification of procyanidins and anthocyanins in blueberries and cranberries (Vaccinium spp.) using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry[J]. J Agric Food Chem,2001,49(3):1 270-1 276.
[17] 曹建康,姜微波,赵玉梅.果蔬采后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2007:28-30,57-59.
[18] Gary D B,Mary K T,Francis R,et al. Microbial and biochemical soil quality indicators and their potential for differentiating areas under contrasting agricultural management regions[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2004,36(11):1 785-1 792.
[19] 刘占锋,傅伯杰,刘国华,等.土壤质量与土壤质量指标及其评价[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):901-913.
[20] 庞绪,何文清,严昌荣,等.耕作措施对土壤水热特性和微生物生物量碳的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(4):1 308-1 316.
[21] Bureau S,Ruiz D,Reich M,et al. Application of ATR-FTIR for a rapid and simultaneous determination of sugars and organic acids in apricot fruit[J]. Food Chemistry,2009,115(3):1 133-1 140.
[22] 李艳萍,牛建新,陈清.桃果实中糖酸物质代谢的影响因素研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(8):212-216.
[23] Etienne C,Moing A,Dirlewanger E,et al. Isolation and characterization of six peach cDNAs encoding key proteins in organic acid metabolism and solute accumulation: involvement in regulating peach fruit acidity[J]. Physiologia Plantarum,2002,114(2):259-270.
[24] Moing A,Svanella L,Rolin D,et al. Compositional changes during the fruit development of two peach cultivars differing in juice acidity[J]. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1998,123(5):770-775.
[25] Wu B H,Quilot B,Génard M,et al. Changes in sugar and organic acid concentrations during fruit maturation in peaches,P. davidiana and hybrids as analyzed by principal component analysis[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2005,103(4):429-439.
[26] 吴楚彬,陈杰忠,周碧燕.杨桃“正造果”和“雪敛果”发育特性比较[J].中国南方果树,2012,41(6):52-55.
[27] 章秋平,李疆,王力荣,等.红肉桃果实发育过程中色素和糖酸含量的变化[J].果树学报,2008,25(3):312-315.
[28] 胡湘明,张慧琴,肖金平,等.覆盖透湿性反光膜对桃品质的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2012,24(5):814-820.
[29] 田兰兰.不同生态区域苹果多酚与糖酸相关性分析[D]. 西安:陕西师范大学,2012.
[30] 刘丽,郭俊英,陈海燕,等.5个果桑品种(系)的经济性状和果实营养成分的分析与评价[J].经济林研究,2018,36(3):151-115.
[2] 伊兴凯,徐义流,张金云,等.不同覆盖模式对土壤养分及砀山酥梨果实品质的影响[J].园艺学报,2011,38(S):2 460-2 460.
[3] 孙梦媛,刘景辉,赵宝平,等.全覆膜垄作种植对旱作马铃薯生长和土壤特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(5):262-269.
[4] 李骏奇, 孙兆军, 焦炳忠.扬黄灌区不同覆膜滴灌方式对玉米生长及产量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2017,(5):42-45.
[5] 杨奇鹤,毛晓敏,杨健,等.不同灌水处理和覆膜对西北旱区农田水热状况和春小麦生长的影响研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2017,(2):37-39.
[6] 吴涌泉,屈明,孙芬,等.秸秆覆盖对土壤理化性状、微生物及生态环境的影响[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(14):263-268.
[7] 刘婷,贾志宽,张睿,等.秸秆覆盖对旱地土壤水分及冬小麦水分利用效率的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(7):68-76.
[8] 王敏,王海霞,韩清芳,等.不同材料覆盖的土壤水温效应及对玉米生长的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(7):1 249-1 258.
[9] 高亚军,李生秀.旱地秸秆覆盖条件下作物减产的原因及作用机制分析[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(7):15-19.
[10] 赵师成,王富河,阎腾飞.信阳五月鲜桃有害生物无公害综合防治技术[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(19):5 051-5 055.
[11] 李宪明,吕国华.宁夏桃树的露地栽培技术[J].山西果树,2012,(6):28-29.
[12] 石荣.桃树保护地栽培[J].现代农业,2003,(9):19.
[13] 施春晖,骆军,王晓庆,等.'红阳'猕猴桃设施栽培与露地栽培比较研究[J].上海农业学报,2014,30(6):24-28.
[14] 姜妮.成熟期地表覆膜对柑橘果实糖酸积累及糖酸代谢相关酶的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[15] 尹晓宁,马明,刘兴禄,等.不同覆草量苹果园土壤水温效应及对树体生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(1):41-49.
[16] Prior R L,Lazarus S A,Cao G,et al. Identification of procyanidins and anthocyanins in blueberries and cranberries (Vaccinium spp.) using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry[J]. J Agric Food Chem,2001,49(3):1 270-1 276.
[17] 曹建康,姜微波,赵玉梅.果蔬采后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2007:28-30,57-59.
[18] Gary D B,Mary K T,Francis R,et al. Microbial and biochemical soil quality indicators and their potential for differentiating areas under contrasting agricultural management regions[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2004,36(11):1 785-1 792.
[19] 刘占锋,傅伯杰,刘国华,等.土壤质量与土壤质量指标及其评价[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):901-913.
[20] 庞绪,何文清,严昌荣,等.耕作措施对土壤水热特性和微生物生物量碳的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(4):1 308-1 316.
[21] Bureau S,Ruiz D,Reich M,et al. Application of ATR-FTIR for a rapid and simultaneous determination of sugars and organic acids in apricot fruit[J]. Food Chemistry,2009,115(3):1 133-1 140.
[22] 李艳萍,牛建新,陈清.桃果实中糖酸物质代谢的影响因素研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(8):212-216.
[23] Etienne C,Moing A,Dirlewanger E,et al. Isolation and characterization of six peach cDNAs encoding key proteins in organic acid metabolism and solute accumulation: involvement in regulating peach fruit acidity[J]. Physiologia Plantarum,2002,114(2):259-270.
[24] Moing A,Svanella L,Rolin D,et al. Compositional changes during the fruit development of two peach cultivars differing in juice acidity[J]. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1998,123(5):770-775.
[25] Wu B H,Quilot B,Génard M,et al. Changes in sugar and organic acid concentrations during fruit maturation in peaches,P. davidiana and hybrids as analyzed by principal component analysis[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2005,103(4):429-439.
[26] 吴楚彬,陈杰忠,周碧燕.杨桃“正造果”和“雪敛果”发育特性比较[J].中国南方果树,2012,41(6):52-55.
[27] 章秋平,李疆,王力荣,等.红肉桃果实发育过程中色素和糖酸含量的变化[J].果树学报,2008,25(3):312-315.
[28] 胡湘明,张慧琴,肖金平,等.覆盖透湿性反光膜对桃品质的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2012,24(5):814-820.
[29] 田兰兰.不同生态区域苹果多酚与糖酸相关性分析[D]. 西安:陕西师范大学,2012.
[30] 刘丽,郭俊英,陈海燕,等.5个果桑品种(系)的经济性状和果实营养成分的分析与评价[J].经济林研究,2018,36(3):151-115.
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