前作土壤和施肥量差异对烤烟产量和品质的影响
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摘要
为了探明不同前作土壤和施肥量差异对烤烟产量和品质的影响,以江西石城县新开发烟区种植的烤烟K326为试验品种,分别选择了区域代表性的烟草前茬作物为水稻和花菜的田块进行不同施肥量处理田间试验。水稻田和花菜地均显示氮肥用量与烟株农艺性状成正相关趋势。综合分析不同水平的氮肥用量对烟叶的外观质量和化学成分的影响,发现氮肥用量82.5 kg/hm~2处理烟叶外观质量较好。前茬水稻田和花菜地的氮肥用量分别为82.5 kg/hm~2和67.5 kg/hm~2处理时,烟叶氮代谢较为充分和平衡,两个处理烤后烟叶感官评吸质量最佳。烤烟经济性状以氮肥用量82.5 kg/hm~2处理最高。综合两年度在前茬作物为水稻和花菜进行不同施肥量的试验结果:建议在土壤速效氮含量较高的花菜地氮肥用量为67.5 kg/hm~2,土壤速效氮含量较低的水稻田氮肥用量为82.5 kg/hm~2。
In order to ascertain the effects of different preceding-crop field soils and fertilizer application rates on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco variety K326, the author carried out fertilization tests in the regional representative tobacco fields whose preceding crop was rice or cauliflower in Shicheng county, Jiangxi province. In the tobacco field with the preceding crop rice or cauliflower, the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was positively correlated with the agronomic traits of tobacco plants. The effects of different nitrogen application rates on the appearance quality and chemical compositions of tobacco leaves were comprehensively analyzed, and it was found that the treatment of applying 82.5 kg/hm~2 nitrogen fertilizer obtained better appearance quality of tobacco leaves. In the tobacco field with the preceding crop rice(or cauliflower), the treatment of applying 82.5 kg/hm~2(or 67.5 kg/hm~2) nitrogen fertilizer obtained the best sensory smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves because of adequate and balanced nitrogen metabolism in them. Furthermore, the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco leaves were the highest when the nitrogen application rate was 82.5 kg/hm~2. According to the above results, it is recommended that applying 67.5 and 82.5 kg/hm~2 nitrogen fertilizer in cauliflower-tobacco field with higher soil available nitrogen content and rice-tobacco field with lower soil available nitrogen content, respectively.
In order to ascertain the effects of different preceding-crop field soils and fertilizer application rates on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco variety K326, the author carried out fertilization tests in the regional representative tobacco fields whose preceding crop was rice or cauliflower in Shicheng county, Jiangxi province. In the tobacco field with the preceding crop rice or cauliflower, the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was positively correlated with the agronomic traits of tobacco plants. The effects of different nitrogen application rates on the appearance quality and chemical compositions of tobacco leaves were comprehensively analyzed, and it was found that the treatment of applying 82.5 kg/hm~2 nitrogen fertilizer obtained better appearance quality of tobacco leaves. In the tobacco field with the preceding crop rice(or cauliflower), the treatment of applying 82.5 kg/hm~2(or 67.5 kg/hm~2) nitrogen fertilizer obtained the best sensory smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves because of adequate and balanced nitrogen metabolism in them. Furthermore, the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco leaves were the highest when the nitrogen application rate was 82.5 kg/hm~2. According to the above results, it is recommended that applying 67.5 and 82.5 kg/hm~2 nitrogen fertilizer in cauliflower-tobacco field with higher soil available nitrogen content and rice-tobacco field with lower soil available nitrogen content, respectively.
引文
[1] 中国农业科学院.中国烟草栽培学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005.
[2] 胡国松.烤烟营养原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[3] 曹志洪,冯光群.优质烤烟生产的土壤与施肥[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1991.
[4] 夏体渊,靳松,陈兴位,等.不同种植密度对烤烟K326产量和品质的影响[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(1):58-61.
[5] 谢勇波,黄松青,张万良,等.提高烤烟产量与品质的研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2012,24(10):77-79,82.
[6] 李超,林建委,曾繁东,等.不同氮肥管理模式对烤烟产量、品质形成和氮肥利用率的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2014,35(5):57-63.
[7] 刘雪琴,仝瑞建,石孝均,等.不同品种有机肥对烤烟产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(25):151-155.
[8] 陈壮壮,郭俊杰,陈泽鹏,等.不同施肥模式对烤烟氮钾肥利用效率及产量和品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(5):180-188.
[9] 任小利,王丽萍,徐大兵,等.菜粕堆肥与无机肥配施对烤烟产量和品质以及土壤微生物的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(2):92-98.
[10] 方先兰,肖林长,罗朝洲,等.施氮量对烤烟产量和品质及经济效益的影响[J].江西农业学报,2007,18(6):75-76,79.
[11] 谢远玉,郭萌生,肖林长,等.气候生态环境对赣南烤烟产量和品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,2005,26(4):34-36.
[12] 肖金香,刘正和,王燕,等.气候生态因素对烤烟产量与品质的影响及植烟措施研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(4):163-165.
[13] 罗建新,萧汉乾,方红,等.钾肥施用量与施用期对烤烟产量和品质的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报,1997,23(2):31-35.
[2] 胡国松.烤烟营养原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[3] 曹志洪,冯光群.优质烤烟生产的土壤与施肥[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1991.
[4] 夏体渊,靳松,陈兴位,等.不同种植密度对烤烟K326产量和品质的影响[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(1):58-61.
[5] 谢勇波,黄松青,张万良,等.提高烤烟产量与品质的研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2012,24(10):77-79,82.
[6] 李超,林建委,曾繁东,等.不同氮肥管理模式对烤烟产量、品质形成和氮肥利用率的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2014,35(5):57-63.
[7] 刘雪琴,仝瑞建,石孝均,等.不同品种有机肥对烤烟产量和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(25):151-155.
[8] 陈壮壮,郭俊杰,陈泽鹏,等.不同施肥模式对烤烟氮钾肥利用效率及产量和品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(5):180-188.
[9] 任小利,王丽萍,徐大兵,等.菜粕堆肥与无机肥配施对烤烟产量和品质以及土壤微生物的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(2):92-98.
[10] 方先兰,肖林长,罗朝洲,等.施氮量对烤烟产量和品质及经济效益的影响[J].江西农业学报,2007,18(6):75-76,79.
[11] 谢远玉,郭萌生,肖林长,等.气候生态环境对赣南烤烟产量和品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,2005,26(4):34-36.
[12] 肖金香,刘正和,王燕,等.气候生态因素对烤烟产量与品质的影响及植烟措施研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(4):163-165.
[13] 罗建新,萧汉乾,方红,等.钾肥施用量与施用期对烤烟产量和品质的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报,1997,23(2):31-35.
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