三熟制油菜秸秆还田条件下施氮量对早稻产量形成和氮肥利用率的影响
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摘要
为明确油-稻-稻三熟制油菜秸秆还田条件下早稻的适宜施氮量,2017-2018年以超级常规早稻中嘉早17为材料,设置0、75、120、165、210kg/hm~2等5个施氮量,探究油菜秸秆还田条件下施氮量对早稻产量形成及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:在油菜秸秆还田条件下,适宜施氮量有利于早稻分蘖成穗,灌浆期维持较高的叶面积指数、光合势和干物质积累量,同步增加单位面积有效穗数和保持较多的每穗粒数,从而扩大总库容量。在施氮量为165kg/hm~2时早稻即可达到较高产量,同时维持较高的氮肥吸收利用率。采用线性加平台模型拟合得出最佳施氮量,2017和2018两年分别为155.91、160.37kg/hm~2,产量潜力分别达8 241.17和8 387.32kg/hm~2。
To explore the effects of nitrogen application rate on yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of early rice under rape straw returning to the field in rape-rice-rice cropping system, the conventional super early rice Zhongjiazao 17 was used and five nitrogen fertilizers such as 0, 75, 120, 165, 210 kg/hm~2 were set up in 2017-2018.The results showed: under rape straw returning to the field, optimal nitrogen application rate is conducive to early rice tillering and effective panicle, maintaining a higher LAI, photosynthetic potential and amount of dry matter production during the grouting period, and simultaneously increasing the number of effective spikes per unit area, maintaining a higher number of grains per panicle, thus expanding the population storage capacity. Results also showed that the yield of crops and nitrogen absorption would reach to a high point when the rate of fertilizer was 165 kg/hm~2. The optimal nitrogen application rate was 155.91 and 160.37 kg/hm~2 in 2017 and 2018, respectively, with the yield potential reached8 241.17 and 8 387.32 kg/hm~2 according to the model of linear plus plateau.
To explore the effects of nitrogen application rate on yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of early rice under rape straw returning to the field in rape-rice-rice cropping system, the conventional super early rice Zhongjiazao 17 was used and five nitrogen fertilizers such as 0, 75, 120, 165, 210 kg/hm~2 were set up in 2017-2018.The results showed: under rape straw returning to the field, optimal nitrogen application rate is conducive to early rice tillering and effective panicle, maintaining a higher LAI, photosynthetic potential and amount of dry matter production during the grouting period, and simultaneously increasing the number of effective spikes per unit area, maintaining a higher number of grains per panicle, thus expanding the population storage capacity. Results also showed that the yield of crops and nitrogen absorption would reach to a high point when the rate of fertilizer was 165 kg/hm~2. The optimal nitrogen application rate was 155.91 and 160.37 kg/hm~2 in 2017 and 2018, respectively, with the yield potential reached8 241.17 and 8 387.32 kg/hm~2 according to the model of linear plus plateau.
引文
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[13]郭保卫,胡雅杰,钱海军,等.秸秆还田下适宜施氮量提高机插稻南粳9108产量和群体质量.中国水稻科学,2015,29(5):511-518.
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[17]汪建军,曾勇军,易艳红,等.基于不同播种量的双季机插早稻均匀度对产量形成的影响.作物杂志,2018(2):141-147.
[18]张亚伟,刘秋霞,朱丹丹,等.油菜专用控释尿素用量对冬油菜产量和氮素吸收的影响.中国农业科学,2018,51(1):139-148.
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[20]张洪程,吴桂成,李德剑,等.杂交粳稻13.5t·hm-2超高产群体动态特征及形成机制的探讨.作物学报,2010,36(9):1547-1558.
[21]凌启鸿,苏祖芳,张海泉.水稻成穗率与群体质量的关系及其影响因素的研究.作物学报,1995,21(4):463-469.
[22]朱从海,蔡爱琴,严军,等.小麦秸秆还田后施氮量对机插水稻产量的影响.中国稻米,2011,17(4):32-34.
[23]汪军,王德建,张刚.秸秆还田下氮肥用量对水稻产量及养分吸收的影响.土壤,2009,41(6):1004-1008.
[24]石祖梁,张姗,孙仁华,等.秸秆还田下晚播稻茬麦适宜施氮量研究.生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(4):589-593.
[25]裴鹏刚,张均华,朱练峰,等.秸秆还田耦合施氮水平对水稻光合特性、氮素吸收及产量形成的影响.中国水稻科学,2015,29(3):282-290.
[26]张刚,王德建,余元春,等.秸秆全量还田与氮肥用量对水稻产量、氮肥利用率及氮素损失的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(4):877-885.
[27]徐新朋,周卫,梁国庆,等.氮肥用量和密度对双季稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):763-772.
[28] Huang M,Yang C L,Ji Q M,et al. Tillering responses of rice to plant density and nitrogen rate in a subtropical environment of southern China. Field Crops Research,2013,149:187-192.
[29]彭少兵,黄见良,钟旭华,等.提高中国稻田氮肥利用率的研究策略.中国农业科学,2002,35(9):1095-1103.
[2]赵鹏,陈阜.秸秆还田配施化学氮肥对冬小麦氮效率和产量的影响.作物学报,2008,34(6):1014-1018.
[3]倪国荣,魏赛金,吕伟生,等.稻草全量还田配施腐解菌剂对机插晚稻生长发育的影响.江西农业大学学报,2015,37(6):960-965.
[4]倪国荣,涂国全,魏赛金,等.稻草还田配施催腐菌剂对晚稻根际土壤微生物与酶活性及产量的影响.农业环境科学学报,2012,31(1):149-154.
[5]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[6]凌启鸿.作物群体质量.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2000.
[7]李旭毅,孙永健,程洪彪,等.两种生态条件下氮素调控对不同栽培方式水稻干物质积累和产量的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):773-781.
[8]钱银飞,张洪程,李杰,等.施氮量对机插杂交粳稻徐优403产量和品质的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(3):522-528.
[9]张军,张洪程,段祥茂,等.地力与施氮量对超级稻产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响.作物学报,2011,37(11):2020-2029.
[10]陈露,张伟杨,王志琴,等.施氮量对江苏不同年代中粳稻品种产量与群体质量的影响.作物学报,2014,40(8):1412-1423.
[11]付景,王志琴,袁莉民,等.施氮量对超级稻产量和一些生理性状的影响.中国水稻科学,2014,28(4):391-400.
[12]魏海燕,王亚江,孟天瑶,等.机插超级粳稻产量、品质及氮肥利用率对氮肥的响应.应用生态学报,2014,25(2):488-496.
[13]郭保卫,胡雅杰,钱海军,等.秸秆还田下适宜施氮量提高机插稻南粳9108产量和群体质量.中国水稻科学,2015,29(5):511-518.
[14]汪军,王德建,张刚,等.连续全量秸秆还田与氮肥用量对农田土壤养分的影响.水土保持学报,2010,24(5):40-44.
[15]杨美英,刘建,魏亚凤,等.麦稻两季秸秆还田不同施氮量对水稻产量及其产量结构的影响.江西农业学报,2011,23(1):62-64.
[16]王允青,郭熙盛,武际,等.油菜秸秆还田及肥料运筹对水稻生长的影响.安徽农业科学,2009,37(11):4923-4924.
[17]汪建军,曾勇军,易艳红,等.基于不同播种量的双季机插早稻均匀度对产量形成的影响.作物杂志,2018(2):141-147.
[18]张亚伟,刘秋霞,朱丹丹,等.油菜专用控释尿素用量对冬油菜产量和氮素吸收的影响.中国农业科学,2018,51(1):139-148.
[19]Peng S B,Buresh R J,Huang J L,et al. Strategies for overcoming low agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice systems in China.Field Crops Research,2006,96:37-47.
[20]张洪程,吴桂成,李德剑,等.杂交粳稻13.5t·hm-2超高产群体动态特征及形成机制的探讨.作物学报,2010,36(9):1547-1558.
[21]凌启鸿,苏祖芳,张海泉.水稻成穗率与群体质量的关系及其影响因素的研究.作物学报,1995,21(4):463-469.
[22]朱从海,蔡爱琴,严军,等.小麦秸秆还田后施氮量对机插水稻产量的影响.中国稻米,2011,17(4):32-34.
[23]汪军,王德建,张刚.秸秆还田下氮肥用量对水稻产量及养分吸收的影响.土壤,2009,41(6):1004-1008.
[24]石祖梁,张姗,孙仁华,等.秸秆还田下晚播稻茬麦适宜施氮量研究.生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(4):589-593.
[25]裴鹏刚,张均华,朱练峰,等.秸秆还田耦合施氮水平对水稻光合特性、氮素吸收及产量形成的影响.中国水稻科学,2015,29(3):282-290.
[26]张刚,王德建,余元春,等.秸秆全量还田与氮肥用量对水稻产量、氮肥利用率及氮素损失的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(4):877-885.
[27]徐新朋,周卫,梁国庆,等.氮肥用量和密度对双季稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):763-772.
[28] Huang M,Yang C L,Ji Q M,et al. Tillering responses of rice to plant density and nitrogen rate in a subtropical environment of southern China. Field Crops Research,2013,149:187-192.
[29]彭少兵,黄见良,钟旭华,等.提高中国稻田氮肥利用率的研究策略.中国农业科学,2002,35(9):1095-1103.
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