适用于FPGA的模块化多电平换流器电容电压均衡控制方法
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摘要
子模块电容电压均衡是模块化多电平换流器稳定运行的重要前提。针对传统均压控制方法排序计算量大、器件开关频率高的问题,从实际工程角度出发,提出了一种适用于现场可编程门阵列的新型电容电压平衡控制方法。根据正常运行时电容电压波动范围划分若干子区间,并依据实时采集到的电容电压将子模块匹配到相应的子区间分组内。在此基础上,针对电容电压在额定值附近的子模块,分组时考虑上一时刻的开关状态,并遵循尽量维持原有开关状态不变的原则进一步降低了器件的开关频率。在ML605-FPGA板卡中开发实现所提方法,并与实时数字仿真器组成硬件在环实时仿真系统。仿真实验结果验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。
Sub-module capacitor voltage balancing is an important prerequisite for the stable operation of modular multilevel converter(MMC). In order to solve the problems of heavy computation burden and high switching frequency of devices, a novel capacitor voltage balancing control method applicable for field programmable gate array(FPGA) is proposed from the perspective of practical engineering. Several sub-intervals are divided according to the fluctuation range of capacitor voltage during normal operation, and sub-modules are matched into the corresponding sub-intervals according to the capacitor voltage measured in real-time. On this basis, for the sub-modules with capacitor voltage near the rated value, the switching state at the last control period is considered when grouping, and the switching frequency is further reduced according to the principle of keeping the original switching state unchanged as much as possible. The proposed method is developed and implemented in ML605-FPGA board, and a hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation system is built with the real-time digital simulator. The simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.
Sub-module capacitor voltage balancing is an important prerequisite for the stable operation of modular multilevel converter(MMC). In order to solve the problems of heavy computation burden and high switching frequency of devices, a novel capacitor voltage balancing control method applicable for field programmable gate array(FPGA) is proposed from the perspective of practical engineering. Several sub-intervals are divided according to the fluctuation range of capacitor voltage during normal operation, and sub-modules are matched into the corresponding sub-intervals according to the capacitor voltage measured in real-time. On this basis, for the sub-modules with capacitor voltage near the rated value, the switching state at the last control period is considered when grouping, and the switching frequency is further reduced according to the principle of keeping the original switching state unchanged as much as possible. The proposed method is developed and implemented in ML605-FPGA board, and a hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation system is built with the real-time digital simulator. The simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.
引文
[1] 汤广福,庞辉,贺之渊.先进交直流输电技术在中国的发展与应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(7):1760-1771.TANG Guangfu, PANG Hui, HE Zhiyuan. R&D and application of advanced power transmission technology in China[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(7): 1760-1771.
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[7] 蔡永梁,任成林,周竞宇,等.基于MMC的柔性直流输电电容电压波动抑制方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(5):45-50.CAI Yongliang, REN Chenglin, ZHOU Jingyu, et al. Control strategy for suppressing capacitor voltage ripple of MMC-HVDC[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2017, 45(5): 45-50.
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[9] 刘钟淇,宋强,刘文华.基于模块化多电平变流器的轻型直流输电系统[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(2):53-58.LIU Zhongqi, SONG Qiang, LIU Wenhua. VSC-HVDC system based on modular multilevel converters[J]. Automation of Power Systems, 2010, 34(2): 53-58.
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[11] 林周宏,刘崇茹,李海峰,等.模块化多电平换流器的子模块电容电压分层均压控制法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(7):175-181.LIN Zhouhong, LIU Chongru, LI Haifeng, et al. A stratified voltage balancing control method of sub-module capacitor voltage for modular multilevel converter[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(7): 175-181.
[12] 管敏渊,徐政.MMC型VSC-HVDC系统电容电压的优化平衡控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(12):9-14.GUAN Minyuan, XU Zheng. Optimized capacitor voltage balancing control for modular multilevel converter based VSC-HVDC system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(12): 9-14.
[13] 陆翌,王朝亮,彭茂兰,等.一种模块化多电平换流器的子模块优化均压方法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(3):52-58.LU Yi, WANG Chaoliang, PENG Maolan, et al. An optimized method for balancing sub-module voltages in modular multilevel converters[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2014, 38(3): 52-58.
[14] 彭茂兰,赵成勇,刘兴华,等.采用质因子分解法的模块化多电平换流器电容电压平衡优化算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(33):5846-5853.PENG Maolan, ZHAO Chengyong, LIU Xinghua, et al. An optimized capacitor voltage balancing control algorithm for modular multilevel converter employing prime factorization method[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(33): 5846-5853.
[15] 何智鹏,许建中,苑宾,等.采用质因子分解法与希尔排序算法的MMC电容均压策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(12):2980-2988.HE Zhipeng, XU Jianzhong, YUAN Bin, et al. A capacitor voltage balancing strategy adopting prime factorization method and shell sorting algorithm for modular multilevel converter[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(12): 2980-2988.
[16] LI W, GREGOIRE L A, BELANGERB J. A modular multilevel converter pulse generation and capacitor voltage balance method optimized for FPGA implementation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 62(5): 2859-2867.
[17] 常非,杨晓峰,贾海林,等.适用于现场可编程门阵列的MMC电容电压平衡控制方法[J].电网技术,2015,39(5):1246-1253.CHANG Fei, YANG Xiaofeng, JIA Hailin, et al. A capacitor voltage balance control algorithm for modular multilevel converter suitable to field programmable gate array[J]. Power System Technology, 2015, 39(5): 1246-1253.
[18] 常非,杨中平,陈俊,等.模块化多电平换流器电容电压平衡并行排序方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(10):3166-3171.CHANG Fei, YANG Zhongping, CHEN Jun, et al. Parellel sorting method for capacitor voltage balancing of MMC[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2016, 42(10): 3166-3171.
[19] 邢长达,郭家虎,朱成杰,等.MMC控制系统中子模块控制器的设计[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(3):114-121.XING Changda, GUO Jiahu, ZHU Chengjie, et al. Design of the sub-module controller of the MMC control system[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2016, 44(3): 114-121.
[20] MUELLER R, TEUBNER J, ALONSO G. Sorting networks on FPGAs[J]. Vldb Journal, 2012, 21(1): 1-23.
[2] SAEEDIFARD M, IRAVANI R. Dynamic performance of a modular multilevel back-to-back HVDC system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2010, 25(4): 2903-2912.
[3] 杨晓峰,郑琼林,薛尧,等.模块化多电平换流器的拓扑和工业应用综述[J].电网技术,2016,40(1):1-10.YANG Xiaofeng, ZHENG Qionglin, XUE Yao, et al. Review on topology and industry applications of modular multilevel converter[J]. Power System Technology, 2016, 40(1): 1-10.
[4] 彭浩,邓焰,王莹,等.模块化多电平变换器模型及稳态特性研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(12):120-127.PENG Hao, DENG Yan, WANG Ying, et al. Research about the model and steady-state performance for modular multilevel converter[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(12): 120-127.
[5] 赵成勇,熊岩,徐义良,等.具有较低复杂度和开关频率的MMC混合排序均压算法[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(15):136-142.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20161205009.ZHAO Chengyong, XIONG Yan, XU Yiliang, et al. Hybrid sorting algorithm with low complexity and switching frequency for capacitor voltage balanced control of modular multilevel converter[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41(15): 136-142. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20161205009.
[6] 史书怀,王丰,卓放,等.模块化多电平换流器的电容均压算法比较及优化设计[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(13):150-155.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20161028005.SHI Shuhuai, WANG Feng, ZHUO Fang, et al. Comparison and optimal design of capacitor voltage balancing algorithm based on modular multilevel converter[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41(13): 150-155. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20161028005.
[7] 蔡永梁,任成林,周竞宇,等.基于MMC的柔性直流输电电容电压波动抑制方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(5):45-50.CAI Yongliang, REN Chenglin, ZHOU Jingyu, et al. Control strategy for suppressing capacitor voltage ripple of MMC-HVDC[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2017, 45(5): 45-50.
[8] 黄守道,廖武,高剑,等.基于改进均压算法的模块化多电平变流器开关频率分析[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(13):36-45.HUANG Shoudao, LIAO Wu, GAO Jian, et al. Switching frequency analysis of modular multilevel converter based on the improved capacitor voltage balancing algorithm[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(13): 36-45.
[9] 刘钟淇,宋强,刘文华.基于模块化多电平变流器的轻型直流输电系统[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(2):53-58.LIU Zhongqi, SONG Qiang, LIU Wenhua. VSC-HVDC system based on modular multilevel converters[J]. Automation of Power Systems, 2010, 34(2): 53-58.
[10] 屠卿瑞,徐政,郑翔,等.一种优化的模块化多电平换流器电压均衡控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(5):15-20.TU Qingrui, XU Zheng, ZHENG Xiang, et al. An optimized voltage balancing method for modular multilevel converter[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2011, 26(5): 15-20.
[11] 林周宏,刘崇茹,李海峰,等.模块化多电平换流器的子模块电容电压分层均压控制法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(7):175-181.LIN Zhouhong, LIU Chongru, LI Haifeng, et al. A stratified voltage balancing control method of sub-module capacitor voltage for modular multilevel converter[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(7): 175-181.
[12] 管敏渊,徐政.MMC型VSC-HVDC系统电容电压的优化平衡控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(12):9-14.GUAN Minyuan, XU Zheng. Optimized capacitor voltage balancing control for modular multilevel converter based VSC-HVDC system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(12): 9-14.
[13] 陆翌,王朝亮,彭茂兰,等.一种模块化多电平换流器的子模块优化均压方法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(3):52-58.LU Yi, WANG Chaoliang, PENG Maolan, et al. An optimized method for balancing sub-module voltages in modular multilevel converters[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2014, 38(3): 52-58.
[14] 彭茂兰,赵成勇,刘兴华,等.采用质因子分解法的模块化多电平换流器电容电压平衡优化算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(33):5846-5853.PENG Maolan, ZHAO Chengyong, LIU Xinghua, et al. An optimized capacitor voltage balancing control algorithm for modular multilevel converter employing prime factorization method[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(33): 5846-5853.
[15] 何智鹏,许建中,苑宾,等.采用质因子分解法与希尔排序算法的MMC电容均压策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(12):2980-2988.HE Zhipeng, XU Jianzhong, YUAN Bin, et al. A capacitor voltage balancing strategy adopting prime factorization method and shell sorting algorithm for modular multilevel converter[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(12): 2980-2988.
[16] LI W, GREGOIRE L A, BELANGERB J. A modular multilevel converter pulse generation and capacitor voltage balance method optimized for FPGA implementation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 62(5): 2859-2867.
[17] 常非,杨晓峰,贾海林,等.适用于现场可编程门阵列的MMC电容电压平衡控制方法[J].电网技术,2015,39(5):1246-1253.CHANG Fei, YANG Xiaofeng, JIA Hailin, et al. A capacitor voltage balance control algorithm for modular multilevel converter suitable to field programmable gate array[J]. Power System Technology, 2015, 39(5): 1246-1253.
[18] 常非,杨中平,陈俊,等.模块化多电平换流器电容电压平衡并行排序方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(10):3166-3171.CHANG Fei, YANG Zhongping, CHEN Jun, et al. Parellel sorting method for capacitor voltage balancing of MMC[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2016, 42(10): 3166-3171.
[19] 邢长达,郭家虎,朱成杰,等.MMC控制系统中子模块控制器的设计[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(3):114-121.XING Changda, GUO Jiahu, ZHU Chengjie, et al. Design of the sub-module controller of the MMC control system[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2016, 44(3): 114-121.
[20] MUELLER R, TEUBNER J, ALONSO G. Sorting networks on FPGAs[J]. Vldb Journal, 2012, 21(1): 1-23.
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