带低真空回热的新型背压式汽轮机
|
摘要
分析现有抽凝式汽轮机和背压式汽轮机的优缺点,以及6MW抽凝机组运行状况,对6种抽凝式汽轮机节能改造方案从安全性、可靠性、经济性等方面进行比较分析,最终将其成功改造为带低真空回热的新型背压式汽轮机(国内首例)。利用雾化的除盐补给水吸收排汽热量,消除了抽凝式汽轮机的冷源损失,弥补了传统背压机没有低压回热系统的不足,既具备抽凝式汽轮机灵活调节和单系统带厂用电运行的特点,又具有传统背压机无冷源损失和热能利用效率高的优点,实现了比传统背压机更高的总效能,可节约标煤8.2kt/a、减少冷却水耗55.86kt/a,或多供汽量62.49kt/a、多供电5.01GW·h/a,节能减排效果显著。该技术在高温超高压背压机组上得到应用,在同等额定进汽量下可多发电13.53%、多供电13.25GW·h/a,低负荷下效果更明显。新型背压机对中、小供热机组项目新建和改造都有推广应用价值。
This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the existing extraction condensing turbine and back pressure turbine,as well as the operation status of 6 MW extraction condensing unit,and makes a comparative analysis of six energy-saving retrofit schemes for extraction and condensation steam turbines from the aspects of safety,reliability and economy.Finally,it was successfully transformed into a new type of back pressure steam turbine with low vacuum heat recovery(the first in China).The atomized desalting make-up water is used to absorb the heat of exhaust steam,thus eliminating the cold source loss of the extraction condensing turbine and making up for the defect that the traditional back press does not have a low-pressure regenerative system,not only has the characteristics of flexible regulation of the extraction condensing turbine and single-system operation with auxiliary power,but also has the advantages of no cold source loss and high heat utilization efficiency of the traditional back press,thus realizing higher overall efficiency than the traditional back press.It can save standard coal by 8.2 kt/a,reduce cooling water consumption by 55.86 kt/a,or supply more steam by 62.49 kt/a,and supply more power by5.01 GW·h/a.The effect of energy conservation and emission reduction is remarkable.The technology has been applied to high temperature and ultra high pressure backpressure units,which can generate 13.53% more power and supply 13.25 GW·h/a more power under the same rated steam intake,and the effect is more obvious under low load.The new type of back press has popularization and application value for new construction and renovation of medium and small heating units.
This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the existing extraction condensing turbine and back pressure turbine,as well as the operation status of 6 MW extraction condensing unit,and makes a comparative analysis of six energy-saving retrofit schemes for extraction and condensation steam turbines from the aspects of safety,reliability and economy.Finally,it was successfully transformed into a new type of back pressure steam turbine with low vacuum heat recovery(the first in China).The atomized desalting make-up water is used to absorb the heat of exhaust steam,thus eliminating the cold source loss of the extraction condensing turbine and making up for the defect that the traditional back press does not have a low-pressure regenerative system,not only has the characteristics of flexible regulation of the extraction condensing turbine and single-system operation with auxiliary power,but also has the advantages of no cold source loss and high heat utilization efficiency of the traditional back press,thus realizing higher overall efficiency than the traditional back press.It can save standard coal by 8.2 kt/a,reduce cooling water consumption by 55.86 kt/a,or supply more steam by 62.49 kt/a,and supply more power by5.01 GW·h/a.The effect of energy conservation and emission reduction is remarkable.The technology has been applied to high temperature and ultra high pressure backpressure units,which can generate 13.53% more power and supply 13.25 GW·h/a more power under the same rated steam intake,and the effect is more obvious under low load.The new type of back press has popularization and application value for new construction and renovation of medium and small heating units.
引文
[1]李舟航,刘雪敏,尹炜迪,等.超高压背压式热电联产[J].电站系统工程,2013,29(02):9-11.LI Zhou-hang,LIU Xue-min,YIN Wei-di,et al.Ultra-High Pressure Back Pressure Cogeneration[J].Power Station System Engineering,2013,29(02):9-11.
[2]王振铭.热电联产只有坚持“以热定电”才能更有效节能减排[A]//中国节能协会热电产业联盟.全国电厂燃煤节能减排升级改造解决方案经验交流会论文集[C].中国·杭州,2015:384-392.WANG Zhen-ming.Cogeneration Can Save Energy And Reduce Emissions More Effectively only by Adhering to the Principle of“Fixing Electricity By Heat”[A]//China Energy Conservation Association Thermoelectric Industry Alliance.Proceedings of the National Symposium on Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Upgrading Solutions for Power Plants[C].Hangzhou,China:2015:384-392.
[3]国务院.国发[2014]53号.国务院关于发布政府核准的投资项目目录(2014年本)的通知[A/OL].[2014-11-18].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2014-11/18/content_9219.htm.
[4]王振铭.2014年最新电力工业热电联产统计资料[A/OL].[2017-02-17].http://www.doc88.com/p-0912894614516.html.
[5]中电联行业发展与环境资源部.中电联发布《中国煤电清洁发展报告》[A/OL].[2017-09-22].http://www.cec.org.cn/zhuanti/2017nianzhuanti/zhongguomeidianqingjiefazhanyuhuanjingyingxiangfabuyantaohui/yaowen/2017-09-22/173384.html.
[6]郑体宽,杨晨.热力发电厂(第二版)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008.
[7]黄树红,孙奉仲,盛德仁,等.汽轮机原理[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008.
[8]吴剑恒.背压式汽轮机驱动给水泵在热电厂的应用[J].电力需求侧管理,2005,7(01):48-50.WU Jian-heng.Application of Back Pressure Turbine Driven Feed Water Pump in Thermal Power Plan[J].Power Demand Side Management,2005,7(01):48-50.
[9]曹志彦,王富国,李红博.单级背压式汽轮机驱动高压给水泵技术应用[J].节能,2010,30(09):52-54.CAO Zhi-yan,WANG Fu-guo,LI Hong-bo.Application of Single Stage Back Pressure Turbine Driving High Pressure Feed Pump Technology[J].Energy Saving,2010,30(09):52-54.
[10]陈成学,何珊,卓郑炜.提高背压式汽轮机运行经济性的结构改进[J].动力工程,1991,11(06):18-20+64.CHEN Cheng-xue,HE Shan,ZHUO Zheng-wei.Structural Improvement for Improving Operating Economy of Back Pressure Steam Turbine[J].Power Engineering,1991,11(06):18-20+64.
[11]何珊,卓郑炜.可调自回热背压式汽轮机的开发研究[J].能源与环境,2013,32(06):27-28.HE Shan,ZHUO Zheng-wei.Development and Research of Adjustable Self-regenerative Back Pressure Steam Turbine[J].Energy and Environment,2013,32(06):27-28.
[12]吴剑恒.提高抽凝机组运行经济性的措施及其效果[J].能源技术,2009,30(04):234-239.WU Jian-heng.Measures to Improve Operation Economy of Pumping and Condensing Units and Their Effects[J].Energy technology,2009,30(04):234-239.
[13]刘军,常先江.用供热补水改抽凝为背压机组的节能方法与效果[J].节能技术,2011,29(06):560-563.LIU Jun,CHANG Xian-jiang.Energy Saving Method and Effect of Replacing Pumping Condensation with Heat Supply and Water Supplement to Back Pressure Unit[J].Energy Saving Technology,2011,29(06):560-563.
[14]薛启春.抽凝改背压节能减排的新举措[J].中国井矿盐,2010,41(03):21-23.XUE Qi-chun.New Measures for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction form Pumping Condensation to Back Pressure[J].Chinese Well Salt,2010,41(03):21-23.
[15]刘屹,邱瑞章,曹勤,等.抽凝式和凝汽式汽轮机改为背压机的优势[J].能源研究与利用,2015,27(01):44-47.LIU Yi,QIU Rui-zhang,CAO Qin,et al.Advantages of Changing Extraction and Condensation Steam Turbine into Backpress[J].Energy Research and Utilization,2015,27(01):44-47.
[16]车洵,朱旻昊,曹勤,等.新型节能背压式汽轮机研究[J].热力透平,2016,45(01):33-36.CHE Xun,ZHU Fang-hao,CAO Qin,et al.Research on New Energy-saving Back Pressure Steam Turbine[J].Thermal Turbine,2016,45(01):33-36.
[17]关健强,陈成学,孙粉梅,等.小型抽凝机组改背压机组的方案研究[J].能源与环境,2011,30(04):54-55+59.GUAN Jian-qiang,CHEN Cheng-xue,SUN Fen-mei,et al.Research on the Scheme of Changing Small Pumping and Condensing Unit into Back Pressure Unit[J].Energy and Environment,2011,30(04):54-55+59.
[18]俞金树,卓郑炜,陈斌,等.带低真空回热的新型背压式汽轮机[P].中国专利,201120308121.4,2012-05-09.YU Jin-shu,ZHUO Zheng-wei,CHEN Bin,et al.A New Back Pressure Steam Turbine with Low Vacuum Recuperation[P].Chinese Patent,201120308121.4,2012-05-09.
[19]W.瓦格纳,A.克鲁泽著.项红卫译.水和蒸汽的性质[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[20]吴剑恒,俞金树.C6-35/8型汽轮机通流部分技术改造[J].能源技术,2007,28(06):365-370.WU Jian-heng,YU Jin-shu.Technical Transformation of Flow Passage of C6-35/8Turbine[J].Energy Technology,2007,28(06):365-370.
[21]俞金树.石狮热电公司2×6MW抽凝式汽轮机节能改造[J].能源与环境,2011,30(01):34-39.YU Jin-shu.Energy Saving Transformation of 2×6 MW Extraction Condensation Steam Turbine in Shishi Thermal Power Company[J].Energy and Environment,2011,30(01):34-39.
[22]吴剑恒,俞金树,何宏舟,等.6MW抽凝汽轮机组DCS+DEH改造及其效果[J].沈阳工程学院学报(自然科学版),2013,9(04):305-310.WU Jian-heng,YU Jin-shu,HE Hong-zhou,et al.Retrofit of DCS+DEH for 6MW Extraction and Condensation Turbine Unit and Its Effect[J].Journal of Shenyang Institute of Engineering(Natural Science Edition),2013,9(04):305-310.
[23]陈文强,吴剑恒.C6-35/8型抽凝式汽轮机调节系统的数字电液控制改造[J].能源技术,2010,31(05):293-296.CHEN Wen-qiang,WU Jian-heng.Digital Electro-hydraulic Control Reform of C6-35/8Extraction Condensation Turbine Governing System[J].Energy Technology,2010,31(05):293-296.
[24]杭州汽轮动力(集团)公司杭州汽轮机厂.C6-35/8 6 000kW抽汽凝汽式汽轮机使用说明书及附图[R].杭州:杭州汽轮动力(集团)公司,1997.Hangzhou Steam Turbine Power(Group)Company Hangzhou Steam Turbine Factory.C6-35/8 6 000kW Extraction Condensing Steam Turbine Operating Instructions and Drawings[R].Hangzhou:Hangzhou Turbine Power(Group)Company,1997.
[25]福建省电力勘测设计院职工技协技术开发部.福建石狮热电厂1号汽轮机技改工程方案研究报告及附图[R].福州:福建省电力勘测设计院,2010.Fujian Electric Power Survey and Design Institute Technical Development Department of Staff Technical Association.Research Report and Attached Drawings of No.1Steam Turbine Technological Transformation Project in Fujian Shishi Thermal Power Plant[R].Fuzhou:Fujian Electric Power Survey and Design Institute,2010.
[26]王中铮.热能与动力机械基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[27]许世文.国产N100-90/535型汽轮机高压通流部分节能技术改造[J].汽轮机技术,2002,44(03):189-190.XU Shi-wen.Technical Transformation of Energy Saving for High Pressure Flow Passage of Domestic N100-90/535Steam Turbine[J].Steam turbine technology,2002,44(03):189-190.
[28]杨晓平,张逸.高效反动式背压汽轮机在热电厂的应用[J].宁波节能,2013,29(03):26-29.YANG Xiao-ping,ZHANG Yi.Application of High Efficiency Reaction Back Pressure Steam Turbine in Thermal Power Plant[J].Ningbo Saves Energy,2013,29(03):26-29.
[29]杨宝童,沈华.高效反动式背压汽轮机在热电联产中的应用[A]//中国能源学会.2012年热电联产节能降耗新技术研讨会论文集[C].中国·武汉:2012:118-122.YANG Bao-tong,SHEN Hua.Application of High Efficiency Reaction Back Pressure Steam Turbine in Cogeneration of Heat and Power[A]//China Energy Society.Proceedings of 2012Symposium on New Technologies of Cogeneration for Energy Conservation and Consumption Reduction[C].Wuhan,China:2012:118-122.
[30]丛靖,朱涓,尹瑞祥.抽凝式汽轮机实施背压机改造的技术经济分析[J].科技风,2013,26(23):52-53.CONG Jing,ZHU Juan,YIN Rui-xiang.Technical and Economic Analysis on Retrofit of Backpress for Suction Condenser Turbine[J].Technology Wind,2013,26(23):52-53.
[31]刘晓燕,王文中,欧阳杰.大型纯凝机组背压机改造探讨[J].机电产品开发与创新,2017,30(06):30-32.LIU Xiao-yan,WANG Wen-zhong,OUYANG Jie.Discussion on Retrofit of Back Press of Type-A Pure Condenser Unit[J].Development&Innovation of Machinery&Electrical Products,2017,30(06):30-32.
[32]张玉峰,崔健锋,孙迎芬,等.凝汽或抽凝机组改造为背压机组的方法及效益[J].化肥工业,2010,37(05):46-48+52.ZHANG Yu-feng,CUI Jian-feng,SUN Ying-fen,et al.Methods and Benefits of Retrofitting Condensing or Pumping U-nits into Back Pressure Units[J].Fertilizer Industry,2010,37(05):46-48+52.
[33]杨圣春.凝汽发电机组的供热改造方法研究[J].电力学报,2011,26(04):357-360.YANG Sheng-chun.Research on Heating Transformation Method of Condensing Steam Generator Unit[J].Journal of E-lectric Power,2011,26(04):357-360.
[34]杨忠,陈文军,张玉峰,等.凝汽式汽轮机改造成背压式的方法及节能效益[J].节能技术,2009,27(04):349-351.YANG Zhong,CHEN Wen-jun,ZHANG Yu-feng,etc.Method of Transforming Condensing Steam Turbine into Back Pressure Type and Its Energy Saving Benefit[J].Energy Saving Technology,2009,27(04):349-351.
[35]孔德存.C12-4.9/0.981型汽轮机实施双功能(抽凝式与背压式)汽轮机改造[J].现代制造技术与装备,2017,53(10):119-120.KONG De-cun.C12-4.9/0.981Steam Turbine Implements Dual Function(Suction Condensation Type and Back Pressure Type)Steam Turbine Transformation[J].Modern Manufacturing Technology and Equipment,2017,53(10):119-120.
[36]何学军,陈耀东.抽凝式汽轮机改造为双功能(抽凝兼背压)汽轮机运行方式灵活,节能效果较好[A]//中国节能协会热电产业联盟.2016年第五届热电联产与煤电深度节能新技术研讨会论文集[C].中国·南京,2016:311-315.HE Xue-jun,CHEN Yao-dong.The Extraction Condensing Turbine is Transformed Into a Double-Function(Extraction Condensing And Back Pressure)Turbine Operation Mode[A]//China Energy Conservation Association Thermoelectric Industry Alliance.Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on New Technologies of Cogeneration and Deep Energy Saving of Coal and Electricity in 2016[C].Nanjing China,2016:311-315.
[37]谷永坤.背压式汽轮机在热电联产中的应用[A]//中国建筑学会建筑热能动力分会.中国建筑学会建筑热能动力分会第十七届学术交流大会暨第八届理事会第一次全会论文集[C].中国·太原,2011:21-24.GU Yong-kun.Application of Back Pressure Steam Turbine in Cogeneration of Heat and Power[A]//The Architectural Society of China Building Thermal Power Branch.Proceedings of the 17th Academic Exchange Conference and the First Plenary Session of the 8th Council of the Building Thermal Power Branch of the Chinese Architectural Society[C].Taiyuan China:2011:21-24.
[38]段彦明,卢耀红.试论背压机在城市热电联产中的应用[J].电力科技与环保,2013,29(02):59-60.DUAN Yan-ming,LU Yao-hong.Discussion on the Application of Backpress in Urban Cogeneration[J].Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection,2013,29(02):59-60.
[39]徐守淦.1×50MW抽凝式汽轮发电机组改为1×40MW背压式机组改造及运行小结[J].小氮肥,2012,40(07):1-6.XU Shou-gan.Summary on Transformation and Operation of 1×50MW Extraction Condensation Turbine Generator U-nit to 1×40MW Back Pressure Turbine Unit[J].Small Nitrogen Fertilizer,2012,40(07):1-6.
[40]国家发展改革委.发改能源[2016]617号.国家发展改革委、国家能源局、财政部、住房城乡建设部、环境保护部关于印发《热电联产管理办法》的通知[A/OL].[2016-3-22].http://zfxxgk.ndrc.gov.cn/PublicItemView.aspx?ItemID=%7bbcbbed2c-a798-4b66-be23-77fc385054d0%7d.
[41]国家能源局.国家能源局发布1-3月份全国电力工业统计数据[A/OL].[2018-04-20].http://www.nea.gov.cn/2018-04/20/c_137125000.htm.
[2]王振铭.热电联产只有坚持“以热定电”才能更有效节能减排[A]//中国节能协会热电产业联盟.全国电厂燃煤节能减排升级改造解决方案经验交流会论文集[C].中国·杭州,2015:384-392.WANG Zhen-ming.Cogeneration Can Save Energy And Reduce Emissions More Effectively only by Adhering to the Principle of“Fixing Electricity By Heat”[A]//China Energy Conservation Association Thermoelectric Industry Alliance.Proceedings of the National Symposium on Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Upgrading Solutions for Power Plants[C].Hangzhou,China:2015:384-392.
[3]国务院.国发[2014]53号.国务院关于发布政府核准的投资项目目录(2014年本)的通知[A/OL].[2014-11-18].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2014-11/18/content_9219.htm.
[4]王振铭.2014年最新电力工业热电联产统计资料[A/OL].[2017-02-17].http://www.doc88.com/p-0912894614516.html.
[5]中电联行业发展与环境资源部.中电联发布《中国煤电清洁发展报告》[A/OL].[2017-09-22].http://www.cec.org.cn/zhuanti/2017nianzhuanti/zhongguomeidianqingjiefazhanyuhuanjingyingxiangfabuyantaohui/yaowen/2017-09-22/173384.html.
[6]郑体宽,杨晨.热力发电厂(第二版)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008.
[7]黄树红,孙奉仲,盛德仁,等.汽轮机原理[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008.
[8]吴剑恒.背压式汽轮机驱动给水泵在热电厂的应用[J].电力需求侧管理,2005,7(01):48-50.WU Jian-heng.Application of Back Pressure Turbine Driven Feed Water Pump in Thermal Power Plan[J].Power Demand Side Management,2005,7(01):48-50.
[9]曹志彦,王富国,李红博.单级背压式汽轮机驱动高压给水泵技术应用[J].节能,2010,30(09):52-54.CAO Zhi-yan,WANG Fu-guo,LI Hong-bo.Application of Single Stage Back Pressure Turbine Driving High Pressure Feed Pump Technology[J].Energy Saving,2010,30(09):52-54.
[10]陈成学,何珊,卓郑炜.提高背压式汽轮机运行经济性的结构改进[J].动力工程,1991,11(06):18-20+64.CHEN Cheng-xue,HE Shan,ZHUO Zheng-wei.Structural Improvement for Improving Operating Economy of Back Pressure Steam Turbine[J].Power Engineering,1991,11(06):18-20+64.
[11]何珊,卓郑炜.可调自回热背压式汽轮机的开发研究[J].能源与环境,2013,32(06):27-28.HE Shan,ZHUO Zheng-wei.Development and Research of Adjustable Self-regenerative Back Pressure Steam Turbine[J].Energy and Environment,2013,32(06):27-28.
[12]吴剑恒.提高抽凝机组运行经济性的措施及其效果[J].能源技术,2009,30(04):234-239.WU Jian-heng.Measures to Improve Operation Economy of Pumping and Condensing Units and Their Effects[J].Energy technology,2009,30(04):234-239.
[13]刘军,常先江.用供热补水改抽凝为背压机组的节能方法与效果[J].节能技术,2011,29(06):560-563.LIU Jun,CHANG Xian-jiang.Energy Saving Method and Effect of Replacing Pumping Condensation with Heat Supply and Water Supplement to Back Pressure Unit[J].Energy Saving Technology,2011,29(06):560-563.
[14]薛启春.抽凝改背压节能减排的新举措[J].中国井矿盐,2010,41(03):21-23.XUE Qi-chun.New Measures for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction form Pumping Condensation to Back Pressure[J].Chinese Well Salt,2010,41(03):21-23.
[15]刘屹,邱瑞章,曹勤,等.抽凝式和凝汽式汽轮机改为背压机的优势[J].能源研究与利用,2015,27(01):44-47.LIU Yi,QIU Rui-zhang,CAO Qin,et al.Advantages of Changing Extraction and Condensation Steam Turbine into Backpress[J].Energy Research and Utilization,2015,27(01):44-47.
[16]车洵,朱旻昊,曹勤,等.新型节能背压式汽轮机研究[J].热力透平,2016,45(01):33-36.CHE Xun,ZHU Fang-hao,CAO Qin,et al.Research on New Energy-saving Back Pressure Steam Turbine[J].Thermal Turbine,2016,45(01):33-36.
[17]关健强,陈成学,孙粉梅,等.小型抽凝机组改背压机组的方案研究[J].能源与环境,2011,30(04):54-55+59.GUAN Jian-qiang,CHEN Cheng-xue,SUN Fen-mei,et al.Research on the Scheme of Changing Small Pumping and Condensing Unit into Back Pressure Unit[J].Energy and Environment,2011,30(04):54-55+59.
[18]俞金树,卓郑炜,陈斌,等.带低真空回热的新型背压式汽轮机[P].中国专利,201120308121.4,2012-05-09.YU Jin-shu,ZHUO Zheng-wei,CHEN Bin,et al.A New Back Pressure Steam Turbine with Low Vacuum Recuperation[P].Chinese Patent,201120308121.4,2012-05-09.
[19]W.瓦格纳,A.克鲁泽著.项红卫译.水和蒸汽的性质[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[20]吴剑恒,俞金树.C6-35/8型汽轮机通流部分技术改造[J].能源技术,2007,28(06):365-370.WU Jian-heng,YU Jin-shu.Technical Transformation of Flow Passage of C6-35/8Turbine[J].Energy Technology,2007,28(06):365-370.
[21]俞金树.石狮热电公司2×6MW抽凝式汽轮机节能改造[J].能源与环境,2011,30(01):34-39.YU Jin-shu.Energy Saving Transformation of 2×6 MW Extraction Condensation Steam Turbine in Shishi Thermal Power Company[J].Energy and Environment,2011,30(01):34-39.
[22]吴剑恒,俞金树,何宏舟,等.6MW抽凝汽轮机组DCS+DEH改造及其效果[J].沈阳工程学院学报(自然科学版),2013,9(04):305-310.WU Jian-heng,YU Jin-shu,HE Hong-zhou,et al.Retrofit of DCS+DEH for 6MW Extraction and Condensation Turbine Unit and Its Effect[J].Journal of Shenyang Institute of Engineering(Natural Science Edition),2013,9(04):305-310.
[23]陈文强,吴剑恒.C6-35/8型抽凝式汽轮机调节系统的数字电液控制改造[J].能源技术,2010,31(05):293-296.CHEN Wen-qiang,WU Jian-heng.Digital Electro-hydraulic Control Reform of C6-35/8Extraction Condensation Turbine Governing System[J].Energy Technology,2010,31(05):293-296.
[24]杭州汽轮动力(集团)公司杭州汽轮机厂.C6-35/8 6 000kW抽汽凝汽式汽轮机使用说明书及附图[R].杭州:杭州汽轮动力(集团)公司,1997.Hangzhou Steam Turbine Power(Group)Company Hangzhou Steam Turbine Factory.C6-35/8 6 000kW Extraction Condensing Steam Turbine Operating Instructions and Drawings[R].Hangzhou:Hangzhou Turbine Power(Group)Company,1997.
[25]福建省电力勘测设计院职工技协技术开发部.福建石狮热电厂1号汽轮机技改工程方案研究报告及附图[R].福州:福建省电力勘测设计院,2010.Fujian Electric Power Survey and Design Institute Technical Development Department of Staff Technical Association.Research Report and Attached Drawings of No.1Steam Turbine Technological Transformation Project in Fujian Shishi Thermal Power Plant[R].Fuzhou:Fujian Electric Power Survey and Design Institute,2010.
[26]王中铮.热能与动力机械基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[27]许世文.国产N100-90/535型汽轮机高压通流部分节能技术改造[J].汽轮机技术,2002,44(03):189-190.XU Shi-wen.Technical Transformation of Energy Saving for High Pressure Flow Passage of Domestic N100-90/535Steam Turbine[J].Steam turbine technology,2002,44(03):189-190.
[28]杨晓平,张逸.高效反动式背压汽轮机在热电厂的应用[J].宁波节能,2013,29(03):26-29.YANG Xiao-ping,ZHANG Yi.Application of High Efficiency Reaction Back Pressure Steam Turbine in Thermal Power Plant[J].Ningbo Saves Energy,2013,29(03):26-29.
[29]杨宝童,沈华.高效反动式背压汽轮机在热电联产中的应用[A]//中国能源学会.2012年热电联产节能降耗新技术研讨会论文集[C].中国·武汉:2012:118-122.YANG Bao-tong,SHEN Hua.Application of High Efficiency Reaction Back Pressure Steam Turbine in Cogeneration of Heat and Power[A]//China Energy Society.Proceedings of 2012Symposium on New Technologies of Cogeneration for Energy Conservation and Consumption Reduction[C].Wuhan,China:2012:118-122.
[30]丛靖,朱涓,尹瑞祥.抽凝式汽轮机实施背压机改造的技术经济分析[J].科技风,2013,26(23):52-53.CONG Jing,ZHU Juan,YIN Rui-xiang.Technical and Economic Analysis on Retrofit of Backpress for Suction Condenser Turbine[J].Technology Wind,2013,26(23):52-53.
[31]刘晓燕,王文中,欧阳杰.大型纯凝机组背压机改造探讨[J].机电产品开发与创新,2017,30(06):30-32.LIU Xiao-yan,WANG Wen-zhong,OUYANG Jie.Discussion on Retrofit of Back Press of Type-A Pure Condenser Unit[J].Development&Innovation of Machinery&Electrical Products,2017,30(06):30-32.
[32]张玉峰,崔健锋,孙迎芬,等.凝汽或抽凝机组改造为背压机组的方法及效益[J].化肥工业,2010,37(05):46-48+52.ZHANG Yu-feng,CUI Jian-feng,SUN Ying-fen,et al.Methods and Benefits of Retrofitting Condensing or Pumping U-nits into Back Pressure Units[J].Fertilizer Industry,2010,37(05):46-48+52.
[33]杨圣春.凝汽发电机组的供热改造方法研究[J].电力学报,2011,26(04):357-360.YANG Sheng-chun.Research on Heating Transformation Method of Condensing Steam Generator Unit[J].Journal of E-lectric Power,2011,26(04):357-360.
[34]杨忠,陈文军,张玉峰,等.凝汽式汽轮机改造成背压式的方法及节能效益[J].节能技术,2009,27(04):349-351.YANG Zhong,CHEN Wen-jun,ZHANG Yu-feng,etc.Method of Transforming Condensing Steam Turbine into Back Pressure Type and Its Energy Saving Benefit[J].Energy Saving Technology,2009,27(04):349-351.
[35]孔德存.C12-4.9/0.981型汽轮机实施双功能(抽凝式与背压式)汽轮机改造[J].现代制造技术与装备,2017,53(10):119-120.KONG De-cun.C12-4.9/0.981Steam Turbine Implements Dual Function(Suction Condensation Type and Back Pressure Type)Steam Turbine Transformation[J].Modern Manufacturing Technology and Equipment,2017,53(10):119-120.
[36]何学军,陈耀东.抽凝式汽轮机改造为双功能(抽凝兼背压)汽轮机运行方式灵活,节能效果较好[A]//中国节能协会热电产业联盟.2016年第五届热电联产与煤电深度节能新技术研讨会论文集[C].中国·南京,2016:311-315.HE Xue-jun,CHEN Yao-dong.The Extraction Condensing Turbine is Transformed Into a Double-Function(Extraction Condensing And Back Pressure)Turbine Operation Mode[A]//China Energy Conservation Association Thermoelectric Industry Alliance.Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on New Technologies of Cogeneration and Deep Energy Saving of Coal and Electricity in 2016[C].Nanjing China,2016:311-315.
[37]谷永坤.背压式汽轮机在热电联产中的应用[A]//中国建筑学会建筑热能动力分会.中国建筑学会建筑热能动力分会第十七届学术交流大会暨第八届理事会第一次全会论文集[C].中国·太原,2011:21-24.GU Yong-kun.Application of Back Pressure Steam Turbine in Cogeneration of Heat and Power[A]//The Architectural Society of China Building Thermal Power Branch.Proceedings of the 17th Academic Exchange Conference and the First Plenary Session of the 8th Council of the Building Thermal Power Branch of the Chinese Architectural Society[C].Taiyuan China:2011:21-24.
[38]段彦明,卢耀红.试论背压机在城市热电联产中的应用[J].电力科技与环保,2013,29(02):59-60.DUAN Yan-ming,LU Yao-hong.Discussion on the Application of Backpress in Urban Cogeneration[J].Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection,2013,29(02):59-60.
[39]徐守淦.1×50MW抽凝式汽轮发电机组改为1×40MW背压式机组改造及运行小结[J].小氮肥,2012,40(07):1-6.XU Shou-gan.Summary on Transformation and Operation of 1×50MW Extraction Condensation Turbine Generator U-nit to 1×40MW Back Pressure Turbine Unit[J].Small Nitrogen Fertilizer,2012,40(07):1-6.
[40]国家发展改革委.发改能源[2016]617号.国家发展改革委、国家能源局、财政部、住房城乡建设部、环境保护部关于印发《热电联产管理办法》的通知[A/OL].[2016-3-22].http://zfxxgk.ndrc.gov.cn/PublicItemView.aspx?ItemID=%7bbcbbed2c-a798-4b66-be23-77fc385054d0%7d.
[41]国家能源局.国家能源局发布1-3月份全国电力工业统计数据[A/OL].[2018-04-20].http://www.nea.gov.cn/2018-04/20/c_137125000.htm.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |