船用柴油机应用柴油/甲醇二元燃料的性能特性研究
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摘要
在柴油/甲醇二元燃料(DMDF)燃烧模式下,研究了不同负荷下甲醇替代率对船用柴油机性能的影响,以及不同喷油时刻对DMDF燃烧的影响。试验结果表明:不改变原机喷油定时的情况下,发动机25%负荷率时最大替代率为57. 8%,50%负荷率时最大替代率为59. 6%,100%负荷率时最大替代率为36. 7%;受喷醇流量的限制,在75%和90%负荷率时,甲醇替代率分别只做到49. 1%和39%。据试验情况分析,限制甲醇替代率提高的因素有发动机失火和发动机最高燃烧压力过高等,因此,除受试验条件限制的负荷区域(50%～90%负荷率)外,将DMDF在船用柴油机上的非稳定运行的区间分为失火限制区和最高燃烧压力限制区,分别对应的负荷率范围大致为0～50%和90%～100%。另,喷油时刻太靠后会限制甲醇替代率提升,其主要原因是发动机易失火;而喷油时刻太靠前则因最高燃烧压力升高限制了甲醇替代率的提升。
Under the combustion mode of diesel-methanol dual fuel,researches were carried out on the influence of methanol substitution rate to marine engine performance at different load factors and the influence of different injection timing to DMDF combustion. The test results show that,the maximum methanol substitution rate is 57. 8% on 25% load factor,59. 6% on 50% load factor,36. 7% on 100% load factor without changing the injection timing of original engine,and due to the limitation of methanol flow,the number is 49. 1% and 39% on 75% and 90% respectively. According to the test date analysis,there are several reasons which limit the increase of methanol substitution rate,including fire-missing,excess peak pressure,etc. Therefore,except the load range( 50% ～ 90%) limited by test conditions,the unstable operation areas are divided into fire-missing restriction area and peak pressure restriction area,corresponding respectively to 0% ～ 50% load factor and 90% ～ 100% load factor. When injection timing is too late,fire-missing limits the increase of the substitution rate,while the limiting factor is peak pressure when injection timing is too early.
Under the combustion mode of diesel-methanol dual fuel,researches were carried out on the influence of methanol substitution rate to marine engine performance at different load factors and the influence of different injection timing to DMDF combustion. The test results show that,the maximum methanol substitution rate is 57. 8% on 25% load factor,59. 6% on 50% load factor,36. 7% on 100% load factor without changing the injection timing of original engine,and due to the limitation of methanol flow,the number is 49. 1% and 39% on 75% and 90% respectively. According to the test date analysis,there are several reasons which limit the increase of methanol substitution rate,including fire-missing,excess peak pressure,etc. Therefore,except the load range( 50% ～ 90%) limited by test conditions,the unstable operation areas are divided into fire-missing restriction area and peak pressure restriction area,corresponding respectively to 0% ～ 50% load factor and 90% ～ 100% load factor. When injection timing is too late,fire-missing limits the increase of the substitution rate,while the limiting factor is peak pressure when injection timing is too early.
引文
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[19]许汉君.甲醇对高十六烷值燃料着火与燃烧特性影响的机理研究[D].天津大学,2010.
[20]姚春德,潘望,魏立江,等,进气温度对DMDF发动机燃烧特性和烟度排放的影响[J].天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版),2015(4):328-333.
[21]陈超,姚春德,窦占成,等.喷射时刻对柴油甲醇组合燃烧发动机颗粒物排放的影响[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(5):1894-1901.
[2]环境保护部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.船舶发动机排气污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第一、二阶段):GB15097-2016[S].北京:中国环境环境出版社,2016.
[3] DENIZ C,ZINCIR B. Environmental and economical assessment of alternative marine fuels. Journal of Cleaner Production[J]. 2016,113:438-449.
[4] BRYNOLF S,FRIDELL E,ANDERSSON K. Environmental assessment of marine fuels:liquefied natural gas,liquefied biogas,methanol and bio-methanol[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2014,74:86-95.
[5]甘少炜,雷伟,周国强.甲醇:未来船用燃料[J].中国船检,2016(8):90-94.
[6]袁士春.甲醇燃料船试验方案分析[J].世界海运,2017(4):28-32.
[7]姚春德,段峰,李云强,等.柴油/甲醇组合燃烧发动机的燃烧特性与排放[J].燃烧科学与技术,2005,11(3):214-217.
[8]姚春德,程传辉,张镇顺.柴油/甲醇组合燃烧发动机的微粒排放特性[J].内燃机学报,2008,26(4):302-306.
[9]姚春德,张志辉,张镇顺.柴油/甲醇组合燃烧发动机的微粒排放及催化转化特性[J].内燃机学报,2010,28(6):494-499.
[10]刘军恒,姚安仁,姚春德,等.柴油/甲醇双燃料车辆道路运行特性[J].中国公路学报,2015(6):120-126.
[11]姚春德,耿鹏,魏立江,等.柴油/甲醇组合燃烧(DMCC)减少重载柴油机烟度排放的试验研究[J].环境科学学报,2013(11):3146-3152.
[12]韩国鹏,姚安仁,姚春德,等.柴油/甲醇双燃料发动机能量平衡分析[J].内燃机学报,2016,34(2):183-191.
[13] WANG Q G,YAO C D,DOU Z C,et al. Effect of intake pre-heating and injection timing on combustion and emission characteristics of a methanol fumigated diesel engine at part load[J]. Fuel,2015. 159:796-802.
[14] WEI L J,YAO C D,HAN G P,et al. Effects of methanol to diesel ratio and diesel injection timing on combustion, performance and emissions of a methanol port premixed diesel engine[J]. Energy,2016. 95:223-232.
[15]陈志方,姚春德,王全刚,等.柴油/甲醇双燃料发动机各缸燃烧均匀性研究[J].燃烧科学与技术,2017,23(1):41-46.
[16]魏立江.重型柴油机实现甲醇高比例替代和高效清洁燃烧试验研究[D].天津大学,2014.
[17]王全刚.柴油/甲醇二元燃料燃烧边界条件研究[D].天津大学,2016.
[18]续晗,姚安仁,姚春德.高压缩比甲醇发动机中爆轰现象研究[J].燃烧科学与技术,2017,23(2):153-160.
[19]许汉君.甲醇对高十六烷值燃料着火与燃烧特性影响的机理研究[D].天津大学,2010.
[20]姚春德,潘望,魏立江,等,进气温度对DMDF发动机燃烧特性和烟度排放的影响[J].天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版),2015(4):328-333.
[21]陈超,姚春德,窦占成,等.喷射时刻对柴油甲醇组合燃烧发动机颗粒物排放的影响[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(5):1894-1901.
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