粗粒土路堤填料路用性能及其循环动应力试验
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摘要
为了研究粗粒土路堤在动力荷载及雨水湿化作用下的路用性能,以粗粒土为研究对象,开展室内常规物理力学试验,分析压实度、干密度以及含水率对粗粒土填料回弹模量的影响;利用大型动三轴试验仪研究不同压实度和围压条件下轴载作用次数与动态回弹模量之间的关系,以压实度和含水率为条件变量对粗粒土试件进行永久变形试验,探讨循环动应力作用下粗粒土试件轴向累计轴向应变的发展规律。试验结果表明:压实度和含水率对粗粒土的物理力学特性影响较大,但对干密度影响较小;试件累计轴向应变随着压实度增大而减小,当压实度为90%时,试验前期累计轴向应变增加幅度较小,当累计轴载次数达到1 000时,累计轴向应变急剧增加;累计轴向应变随着含水率的增加而增大,并随着压实度的增大而减小;粗粒土随着轴载次数的增加经历了稳定、临界和破坏3种状态,其中压实度为90%的试件表现较为明显;粗粒土路堤填料的动弹性模量随着轴载次数的增加而减小,衰减速率逐渐减小,最终趋于平稳。
To determine the road performance of coarse-grained soil subgrade under a dynamic load and wet rain, coarse-grained soil was took as the research object, and the influence of the compaction degree, dry density, and moisture content on the modulus of resilience of coarse-grained soil was analyzed. This was based on conventional physical and mechanical laboratory experiments. At the same time, the relationship between the number of axial loads and the dynamic elastic modulus under different compaction degrees and confining pressures was studied using large dynamic triaxial apparatuses. Further, a permanent deformation test of coarse-grained soil specimens was carried out under the varying compaction degrees and moisture contents. In addition, the development rule for the axial cumulative strain of coarse-grained soil under cyclic dynamic stress was discussed. The results show that the degree of compaction and the moisture content have a significant influence on the physical and mechanical properties of coarse-grained soil, and the dry density has little influence. The cumulative axial strain decreases with an increase in the compaction degree. When the compaction degree is 90%, the cumulative axial strain increases slightly during the early stage of the test. Further, when the number of loads reaches 1 000, the cumulative axial strain increases sharply. The cumulative axial strain increases with the increase in moisture content and decreases with an increase in the degree of compaction. With an increase in load times, coarse-grained soil experiences three states, stability, criticality and destruction, of which 90% of the samples showed obvious compaction. The dynamic elastic modulus of the coarse grained subgrade filler increases with the number of axial loads, and the attenuation rate decreases gradually, finally tending toward stability.
To determine the road performance of coarse-grained soil subgrade under a dynamic load and wet rain, coarse-grained soil was took as the research object, and the influence of the compaction degree, dry density, and moisture content on the modulus of resilience of coarse-grained soil was analyzed. This was based on conventional physical and mechanical laboratory experiments. At the same time, the relationship between the number of axial loads and the dynamic elastic modulus under different compaction degrees and confining pressures was studied using large dynamic triaxial apparatuses. Further, a permanent deformation test of coarse-grained soil specimens was carried out under the varying compaction degrees and moisture contents. In addition, the development rule for the axial cumulative strain of coarse-grained soil under cyclic dynamic stress was discussed. The results show that the degree of compaction and the moisture content have a significant influence on the physical and mechanical properties of coarse-grained soil, and the dry density has little influence. The cumulative axial strain decreases with an increase in the compaction degree. When the compaction degree is 90%, the cumulative axial strain increases slightly during the early stage of the test. Further, when the number of loads reaches 1 000, the cumulative axial strain increases sharply. The cumulative axial strain increases with the increase in moisture content and decreases with an increase in the degree of compaction. With an increase in load times, coarse-grained soil experiences three states, stability, criticality and destruction, of which 90% of the samples showed obvious compaction. The dynamic elastic modulus of the coarse grained subgrade filler increases with the number of axial loads, and the attenuation rate decreases gradually, finally tending toward stability.
引文
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[15] 李翀,何昌荣,王琛,等.粗粒料大型三轴试验的尺寸效应研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(增1):563-566. LI Chong,HE Chang-rong,WANG Chen,et al.Study of scale effect of large-scale trixial test of coarse-grained meterials[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(S1):563-566.
[16] 黄博,丁浩,陈云敏.高速列车荷载作用的动三轴试验模拟[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(2):195-202. HUANG Bo,DING Hao,CHEN Yun-min.Dynamic three axle test simulation of high speed train loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(2):195-202.
[17] HARDIN B O,BLACK W L.Vibration modulus of normally consolidated clay[J].Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1968,94(2):353-369.
[18] HARDIN B O,DMEVIEH V P.Shear modulus and damping in soils:Measurement and parameter effects[J].Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1972,98(6):603-624.
[19] HARDIN B O,DMERVICH V P.Shear modulus and damping in soils:Design equations and curves[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE 1972,98(7):667-692.
[20] 朱思哲,刘虔,包承刚,等.三轴试验原理与应用技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003. ZHU Si-zhe,LIU Qian,BAO Cheng-gang,et al.Principle and application technology of three axis test[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2003.
[21] 张磊,苗强强,陈正汉,等.含水率变化对路基回弹模量的影响[J].后勤工程学院学报,2010,26(3):13-16,54. ZHANG Lei,MIAO Qiang-qiang,CHEN Zheng-han,et al.Influence of water content change on resilient modulus of subgrade[J].Journal of Logistical Engineering University,2010,26(3):13-16,54.
[22] 郭婷婷,秦梅梅.土动三轴试验参数选取的理论分析与计算[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2016,38(2):144-149. GUO Ting-ting,QIN Mei-mei.Theoretical analysis of parameters selection of dynamic triaxial tests[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrafitting,2016,38(2):144-149.
[23] 周文权,冷伍明,刘文劼,等.低围压循环荷载作用下饱和粗粒土的动力特性与骨干曲线模型研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(2):415-423. ZHOU Wen-quan,LENG Wu-ming,LIU Wen-jie,et al.Dynamic characteristic curve model saturated backbone coarse soils under cyclic loading confining pressure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(2):415-423.
[24] 程明书,汪时机,毛新,等.结构性损伤膨胀土三轴加载下的裂隙形态及力学表征[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(增2):73-78. CHENG Ming-shu,WANG Shi-ji,MAO Xin,et al.Fracture morphology and mechanical characterization of structural damage expansive soil under three axial loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(S2):73-78.
[25] 郭莹,栾茂田,董秀竹,等.不同应力条件下砂土动模量特性的试验对比研究[J].水利学报,2003,34(5):41-45. GUO Ying,LUAN Mao-tian,DONG Xiu-zhu,et al.Experimental study on dynamic modulus characteristics of sand under different stress conditions[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003,34(5):41-45.
[2] SEED H B,CHAN C K.Clay strength under earthquake loading condition[J].Journal of the Mechanics and Foundation Division,ASCE,1966,92,53-78.
[3] BARKSDALE R D.Laboratory evaluation of rutting in basecourse materials[C]//ICSDAP.Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements.London:ICSDAP,1972:161-174.
[4] SWEERE G T H.Unbound granular bases for roads[D].Delft:University of Delft,1990.
[5] 田兆阳,李平,郑志华,等.软土动力特性动三轴试验研究[J].地震工程学报,2017,39(1):95-99,118. TIAN Zhao-yang,LI Ping,ZHENG Zhi-hua,et al.Dynamic three axis experimental study on dynamic characteristics of soft soil[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,2017,39(1):95-99,118.
[6] 张向东,李旭,刘家顺,等.动荷载作用下风积土路基振陷变形[J].公路交通科技,2011,28(12):39-43. ZHANG Xiang-dong,LI Xu,LIU Jia-shun,et al.Dynamic settlement of aeolian soil subgrade under dynamic loading[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2011,28(12):39-43.
[7] 李校兵,谷川,蔡袁强.循环偏应力和循环围压耦合应力路径下饱和软黏土动模量衰减规律研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(7):1218-1226. LI Xiao-bing,GU Chuan,CAI Yuan-qiang.Study on attenuation law of dynamic modulus of saturated soft clay under coupled cyclic stress and cyclic confining pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(7):1218-1226.
[8] 程展林,姜景山,丁红顺,等.粗粒土非线性剪胀模型研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(3):460-467. CHENG Zhan-lin,JIANG Jing-shan,DING Hong-shun,et al.Study on nonlinear dilatancy model of coarse-grained soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(3):460-467.
[9] 曾铃,付宏渊,贺炜,等.三轴CT条件下预崩解炭质泥岩路堤填料的细观试验[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2014,45(3):925-931. ZENG Ling,FU Hong-yuan,HE Wei,et al.Meso test of filling material of pre disintegrated carbonaceous mudstone embankment under three axis CT[J].Journal of Central South University:Natural Science Edition,2014,45(3):925-931.
[10] 王协群,邹维列,骆以道,等.考虑压实度时的土水特征曲线和温度对吸力的影响[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(3):368-372. WANG Xie-qun,ZHOU Wei-lie,LUO Yi-dao,et al.Soil water characteristic curve and influence of temperature on suction when compaction degree is taken into account[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(3):368-372.
[11] JTG D30—2015,公路路基设计规范[S]. JTG D30—2015,Specifications for design of highway subgrades[S].
[12] JTG E40—2007,公路土工试验规程[S]. JTG E40—2007,Test methods of soils for highway engineering[S].
[13] 郭庆国.粗粒土的工程特性及应用[M].北京:黄河水利出版社,1999. GUO Qing-guo.Engineering properties of coarse soil and its application[M].Beijing:Yellow River Water Conservancy Press,1999.
[14] 刘大鹏.车辆荷载作用下风积沙和砾类土低路堤工程特性研究[D].西安:长安大学,2015. LIU Da-peng.Study on engineering characteristics of aeolian sand and gravelly soil embankment under vehicle load[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2015.
[15] 李翀,何昌荣,王琛,等.粗粒料大型三轴试验的尺寸效应研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(增1):563-566. LI Chong,HE Chang-rong,WANG Chen,et al.Study of scale effect of large-scale trixial test of coarse-grained meterials[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(S1):563-566.
[16] 黄博,丁浩,陈云敏.高速列车荷载作用的动三轴试验模拟[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(2):195-202. HUANG Bo,DING Hao,CHEN Yun-min.Dynamic three axle test simulation of high speed train loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(2):195-202.
[17] HARDIN B O,BLACK W L.Vibration modulus of normally consolidated clay[J].Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1968,94(2):353-369.
[18] HARDIN B O,DMEVIEH V P.Shear modulus and damping in soils:Measurement and parameter effects[J].Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1972,98(6):603-624.
[19] HARDIN B O,DMERVICH V P.Shear modulus and damping in soils:Design equations and curves[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE 1972,98(7):667-692.
[20] 朱思哲,刘虔,包承刚,等.三轴试验原理与应用技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003. ZHU Si-zhe,LIU Qian,BAO Cheng-gang,et al.Principle and application technology of three axis test[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2003.
[21] 张磊,苗强强,陈正汉,等.含水率变化对路基回弹模量的影响[J].后勤工程学院学报,2010,26(3):13-16,54. ZHANG Lei,MIAO Qiang-qiang,CHEN Zheng-han,et al.Influence of water content change on resilient modulus of subgrade[J].Journal of Logistical Engineering University,2010,26(3):13-16,54.
[22] 郭婷婷,秦梅梅.土动三轴试验参数选取的理论分析与计算[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2016,38(2):144-149. GUO Ting-ting,QIN Mei-mei.Theoretical analysis of parameters selection of dynamic triaxial tests[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrafitting,2016,38(2):144-149.
[23] 周文权,冷伍明,刘文劼,等.低围压循环荷载作用下饱和粗粒土的动力特性与骨干曲线模型研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(2):415-423. ZHOU Wen-quan,LENG Wu-ming,LIU Wen-jie,et al.Dynamic characteristic curve model saturated backbone coarse soils under cyclic loading confining pressure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(2):415-423.
[24] 程明书,汪时机,毛新,等.结构性损伤膨胀土三轴加载下的裂隙形态及力学表征[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(增2):73-78. CHENG Ming-shu,WANG Shi-ji,MAO Xin,et al.Fracture morphology and mechanical characterization of structural damage expansive soil under three axial loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(S2):73-78.
[25] 郭莹,栾茂田,董秀竹,等.不同应力条件下砂土动模量特性的试验对比研究[J].水利学报,2003,34(5):41-45. GUO Ying,LUAN Mao-tian,DONG Xiu-zhu,et al.Experimental study on dynamic modulus characteristics of sand under different stress conditions[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003,34(5):41-45.
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