初生Si及NiAl_3对铝合金硬度和摩擦特性的影响
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摘要
以Al-14Si-6Ni合金为坯料,采用电磁离心铸造制备了一种自生初生Si颗粒及NiAl_3颗粒共同增强的铝梯度复合材料筒状试样。该复合材料外层含有较高体积分数的初生Si与NiAl_3颗粒形成的增强层;内层含有少量初生Si颗粒并夹杂有大量的气孔和氧化夹渣物。进一步对材料的硬度与摩擦因数进行测定,包括对不同工艺参数下复合材料的微观组织进行分层观察,检测材料各分层的宏观硬度,并对各分层在相同载荷条件下与Si_3N_4的摩擦因数进行研究。结果表明,由于材料的外层存在大量的NiAl_3以及初生Si,不同工艺参数的材料外层的硬度均表现出高于内层的硬度。特别是通过微观压痕比较,发现NiAl_3可以提高初生Si的宏观硬度;同时,通过各层摩擦因数的定量对比分析,发现初生Si和NiAl_3颗粒均可以降低铝合金材料与Si_3N_4之间的摩擦因数。
A cylindrical sample of aluminum alloy gradient composites reinforced by self-crystallized Si particles and NiAl_3 particles was prepared by electromagnetic centrifugal casting with Al-14 Si-6 Ni alloy as blank.The outer layer of the composites prepared contains high volume fraction primary Si phase and NiAl_3 particles to form an enhanced layer.The inner layer contains a small amount of Si particles and a large number of pores and oxidized slag inclusion.The hardness and friction coefficient of the composites were further determined,including stratification observation of the microstructure of the composites with different process parameters,detection of the macroscopic hardness of each layer and the friction coefficient between the sample and Si_3N_4 under the same load condition.The results reveal that as a result of existence of a large number of NiAl_3 and primary Si at the outer layer of the composites,the hardness of outer layer is greater than that of inner layer of the composites at different process parameters.In particular,by comparing micro-indentation,it is found that NiAl_3 can improve the macroscopic hardness of primary Si.At the same time,through the quantitative analysis of friction coefficient of each layer,it is found that the friction coefficient between aluminum alloy and Si_3N_4 can be reduced by Si particles and NiAl_3 particles.
A cylindrical sample of aluminum alloy gradient composites reinforced by self-crystallized Si particles and NiAl_3 particles was prepared by electromagnetic centrifugal casting with Al-14 Si-6 Ni alloy as blank.The outer layer of the composites prepared contains high volume fraction primary Si phase and NiAl_3 particles to form an enhanced layer.The inner layer contains a small amount of Si particles and a large number of pores and oxidized slag inclusion.The hardness and friction coefficient of the composites were further determined,including stratification observation of the microstructure of the composites with different process parameters,detection of the macroscopic hardness of each layer and the friction coefficient between the sample and Si_3N_4 under the same load condition.The results reveal that as a result of existence of a large number of NiAl_3 and primary Si at the outer layer of the composites,the hardness of outer layer is greater than that of inner layer of the composites at different process parameters.In particular,by comparing micro-indentation,it is found that NiAl_3 can improve the macroscopic hardness of primary Si.At the same time,through the quantitative analysis of friction coefficient of each layer,it is found that the friction coefficient between aluminum alloy and Si_3N_4 can be reduced by Si particles and NiAl_3 particles.
引文
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[3]林雪冬,刘昌明,卢建波.Si含量对离心铸造Al-8.5Ni-xSi复合材料组织与性能的影响[J].材料工程,2015,43(2):53-60.
[4]OGAWA T,WATANABE Y,SATO H,et al.Theoretical study on fabrication of functionally graded material with density gradient by a centrifugal solid-particle metho[J].Composites,2006,A37(12):2 194-2 200.
[5]翟彦博,刘昌明.Mg2Si颗粒增强自生铝基复合材料气缸套[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2009,29(6):495-497.
[6]张爱民,陈建敏,吕晋军,等.2024铝合金在干摩擦往复运动条件下的磨损图研究[J].摩擦学学报,2002,22(2):96-97.
[7]夏建生,王鹏,许宁,等.5052铝合金塑性成形过程摩擦及磨损机理研究[J].锻压技术,2018,43(4):126-127.
[8]朱学卫,王日初,王小锋,等.高硅铝合金的摩擦磨损性能[J].功能材料,2015,46(8):8 063-8 070.
[9]孙廷富,郭珉,辛海鹰,等.高硅铝合金缸套材料摩擦磨损性能研究[J].车辆与动力技术,2007(2):15-18.
[10]DWIVEDI D K.Adhesive wear behavior of cast aluminiumsilicon alloys:Overvie[J].Materials and Design,2010,31:2 517-2 531.
[11]ARCHARD J F.Contact and rubbing of flat surfacesp[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1953,24:981-987.
[12]AAL M I A E,KIM H S.Wear properties of high pressure torsion processed ultrafine grained Al-7Si alloy[J].Materials and Design,2014,53:373-382.
[13]李承娣,徐佳子,沈岩,等.表面硅颗粒整形对高硅铝合金缸套摩擦磨损性能的影响[J].中国表面工程,2016,29(6):9-14.
[14]ZHAI Y B,LIU C M,WANG K,et al.Characteristics of two Al based functionally gradient composites reinforced by primary Si particles and Si/in situ Mg2Si particles in centrifugal casting[J].Trans.Nonferrous Met.Soc.China,2010,20:367-368.
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