地铁十字换乘车站全尺寸实验研究:Ⅰ.站厅火灾
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摘要
为了全面了解在不同通风模式下地铁十字换乘车站站厅火灾发展规律,通过在8A编组地铁十字换乘车站公共站厅层开展1 MW规模的全尺寸火灾实验,对不同通风模式下换乘地铁车站站厅层公共区火灾场景下的烟气前锋到达时间、烟气扩散与沉降范围和楼扶梯处温度等参数进行分析研究。研究结果表明:在换乘线路A线站厅层发生火灾时,受到出入口自然风以及站厅层空间结构的影响,站厅内形成了由站厅北侧向南侧方向的风压,有效抑制了烟气向B线站厅扩散;通风排烟系统能够有效降低烟气扩散速率,控制烟气扩散范围和沉降高度;针对此类结构车站站厅的防排烟设计,应综合考虑通风、出入口位置和空间构筑物对火灾烟气扩散的影响,确保火灾过程中人员疏散路径和楼扶梯处烟气层高度和烟气温度处于安全水平。
In order to fully understand the fire development laws of station hall in the cross transfer metro station under different ventilation modes,the full-scale fire experiments with 1 MW power were carried out in the public station hall floor of 8 A marshalling cross transfer metro station,then the arrival time of smoke front,the range of smoke diffusion and subsidence,the temperatures at stairs and escalators and other parameters under different ventilation modes in the fire scene of public area of station hall floor in the cross transfer metro station were analyzed. The results showed that when the fire occurred in the station hall floor of line A as the transfer line,due to the influence of the natural wind at the entrances and exits and the spatial structure of station hall floor,the wind pressure from north side to south side formed in the station hall,which effectively restrained the smoke spread to the station hall of line B. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system could effectively reduce the smoke diffusion rate,and control the smoke diffusion range and subsidence height. In view of the smoke control and exhaust design of the station hall with this kind of structure,the influence of ventilation,positions of entrances and exits and spatial structure on the smoke diffusion in the fire should be considered comprehensively,so as to ensure that the height of smoke layer and smoke temperature at the personnel evacuation paths and the stairs and escalators during the fire process keep in the safe level.
In order to fully understand the fire development laws of station hall in the cross transfer metro station under different ventilation modes,the full-scale fire experiments with 1 MW power were carried out in the public station hall floor of 8 A marshalling cross transfer metro station,then the arrival time of smoke front,the range of smoke diffusion and subsidence,the temperatures at stairs and escalators and other parameters under different ventilation modes in the fire scene of public area of station hall floor in the cross transfer metro station were analyzed. The results showed that when the fire occurred in the station hall floor of line A as the transfer line,due to the influence of the natural wind at the entrances and exits and the spatial structure of station hall floor,the wind pressure from north side to south side formed in the station hall,which effectively restrained the smoke spread to the station hall of line B. The ventilation and smoke exhaust system could effectively reduce the smoke diffusion rate,and control the smoke diffusion range and subsidence height. In view of the smoke control and exhaust design of the station hall with this kind of structure,the influence of ventilation,positions of entrances and exits and spatial structure on the smoke diffusion in the fire should be considered comprehensively,so as to ensure that the height of smoke layer and smoke temperature at the personnel evacuation paths and the stairs and escalators during the fire process keep in the safe level.
引文
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[13]史聪灵,钟茂华,胥旋,等.地铁车站防灾系统全尺寸热烟测试(一)-四节编组地下两层岛式车站[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(9):48-54.SHI Congling,ZHONG Maohua,XU Xuan,et al.Full-scale MHSTon disaster prevention system of a metro station(1):four-marshaling underground two-level island station[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2014,10(9):48-54.
[14]史聪灵,钟茂华,涂旭伟,等.深埋地铁车站火灾实验与数值分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[15]全国公共安全基础标准化技术委员会.地铁安全疏散规范:GB/T 33668-2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
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[2]钟茂华,张磊,肖衍,等.地铁“T”形换乘车站通道火灾通风模式数值模拟研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(9):13-19.ZHONG Maohua,ZHANG Lei,XIAO Yan,et al.Numerical simulation study on ventilation mode in case of corridor fire in T-shape transfer metro station[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2017,13(9):13-19.
[3]JI J,ZHONG W,LI K Y,et al.A simplified calculation method on maximum smoke temperature under the ceiling in subway station fires[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2011,26(3):490-496.
[4]顾正洪,程远平,周世宁.地铁车站站台与站厅间临界通风速度的研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(1):7-10.GU Zhenghong,CHENG Yuanping,ZHOU Shining.Critical ventilation speed between platform and concourse at subway station[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2006,35(1):7-10.
[5]张亦昕,李炎峰,张仁,等.不同地铁车站吊顶形式对火灾烟气扩散的影响[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(1):117-121.ZHANG Yixin,LI Yanfeng,ZHANG Ren,et al.Influence of different forms of suspended ceiling on smoke diffusion of fire in a subway station[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2016,12(1):117-121.
[6]钟委,涂锐,杨健鹏,等.活塞风作用下地铁车站站厅火灾烟气流动特性的数值模拟研究[J].中国铁道科学,2013,34(4):118-124.ZHONG Wei,TU Rui,YANG Jianpeng,et al.Numerical simulation on the characteristics of smoke flow under piston wind in subway station hall fire[J].China Railway Science,2013,34(4):118-124.
[7]罗娜.基于地铁交错车站的大空间建筑火灾防排烟技术研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2015.
[8]梁智勇.基于性能化设计的站厅层商场超长通道疏散安全性研究[J].武警学院院报,2012,28(6):8-9.LIANG Zhiyong.A performance-based study on the evacuation of the people in subway station stores of ultra-long passageways[J].Jounal of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force Academy,2012,28(6):8-9.
[9]樊艳,韩雪峰,蒋军成.细水雾对地铁站厅层火灾烟气危险特性参数的影响[J].城市轨道交通研究,2017,20(11):39-44.FAN Yan,HAN Xuefeng,JIANG Juncheng.Effect of water mist on the dangerous parameters of fire smoke in metro station hall[J].Urban Rail Traffic,2017,20(11):39-44.
[10]高俊霞,史聪灵,钟茂华,等.地铁高架车站站厅火灾烟气流动与控制[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2007,3(2):49-54.GAO Junxia,SHI Congling,ZHONG Maohua,et al.Smoke movement and control of concourse fires in elevated metro station[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2007,3(2):49-54.
[11]李炎锋.大型地铁换乘站火灾安全技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.
[12]钟茂华,刘畅,田向亮,等.地铁同站台高架换乘车站火灾全尺寸实验研究-(2)站厅火灾[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2018,14(4):5-12.ZHONG Maohua,LIU Chang,TIAN Xiangliang,et al.Full-scale experimental study on fire in one-platform-interchange elevated metro station-(2)station hall fire[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2018,14(4):5-12.
[13]史聪灵,钟茂华,胥旋,等.地铁车站防灾系统全尺寸热烟测试(一)-四节编组地下两层岛式车站[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(9):48-54.SHI Congling,ZHONG Maohua,XU Xuan,et al.Full-scale MHSTon disaster prevention system of a metro station(1):four-marshaling underground two-level island station[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2014,10(9):48-54.
[14]史聪灵,钟茂华,涂旭伟,等.深埋地铁车站火灾实验与数值分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[15]全国公共安全基础标准化技术委员会.地铁安全疏散规范:GB/T 33668-2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[16]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.建筑防烟排烟系统技术标准:GB 51251-2017[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2017.
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