民用解耦燃煤炉中的NO_x和CO同时减排
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摘要
典型民用解耦燃煤炉具有底部连通的两个分别被称为热解室和燃烧室的并列炉膛,煤炭从热解室上部加入,空气通过热解室底部的倾斜炉排引入。结合煤炭燃烧过程中的氮转移路线与解耦炉中的气体循环流动特征,定性分析了民用解耦燃煤炉中的NO_x和CO同时减排机理,并在此基础上对配风和煤种等因素对NO和CO排放的影响进行了定量实验研究。结果表明,民用解耦燃煤炉特有的结构特征和通风方式有利于NO_x和CO的同时减排,解耦炉具与洁净型煤匹配可显著降低综合污染物排放。
A typical civil decoupling coal-fired stove has two parallel furnaces,called a pyrolysis chamber and a combustion chamber,which are connected at the bottom,coal is introduced from the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber,and air is introduced through the inclined grate at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber.Based on the profound understanding of both the nitrogen transformation route in coal combustion and the characteristics of gas flow circulation in decoupling stoves,the mechanisms of simultaneous reduction of NO_xand CO emissions in domestic decoupling coal-fired stoves were qualitatively analyzed in this paper.The influences of draft type and coal property on NO and CO emissions were experimentally studied further.The results indicate that the simultaneous suppression of NO_xand CO emissions in a domestic decoupling coal-fired stove can be mainly attributed to its unique geometry structure and draft type.Burning clean briquettes in decoupling stoves helps to reduce pollutant emissions significantly.
A typical civil decoupling coal-fired stove has two parallel furnaces,called a pyrolysis chamber and a combustion chamber,which are connected at the bottom,coal is introduced from the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber,and air is introduced through the inclined grate at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber.Based on the profound understanding of both the nitrogen transformation route in coal combustion and the characteristics of gas flow circulation in decoupling stoves,the mechanisms of simultaneous reduction of NO_xand CO emissions in domestic decoupling coal-fired stoves were qualitatively analyzed in this paper.The influences of draft type and coal property on NO and CO emissions were experimentally studied further.The results indicate that the simultaneous suppression of NO_xand CO emissions in a domestic decoupling coal-fired stove can be mainly attributed to its unique geometry structure and draft type.Burning clean briquettes in decoupling stoves helps to reduce pollutant emissions significantly.
引文
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[2]毛健雄,毛健全,赵树民.煤的清洁燃烧[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.Mao J X,Mao J Q,Zhao S M.Clean Combustion of Coal[M].Beijing:Science Press,1998.
[3]Li Q,Jiang J K,Qi J,et al.Improving the energy efficiency of stoves to reduce pollutant emissions from household solid fuel combustion in China[J].Environ.Sci.Technol.Lett.,2016,(3):369-374.
[4]郝江平,孙广藩,李静海,等.一种燃煤解耦燃烧装置及燃烧方法:201310381626.7[P].2013-08-28.Hao J P,Sun G F,Li J H,et al.A coal-fired decoupling combustion appliance as well as decoupling combustion method:201310381626.7[P].2013-08-28.
[5]郝江平,高士秋,孙广藩,等.燃煤工业锅炉的发展与解耦燃烧技术的开发[J].工业锅炉,2014,(4):7-11.Hao J P,Gao S Q,Sun G F,et al.Status of coal-fired industrial boilers and development of decoupling combustion technique[J].Industrial Boiler,2014,(4):7-11.
[6]许光文,高士秋,余剑,等.解耦热化学转化基础与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.Xu G W,Gao S Q,Yu J,et al.Decoupling Thermochemical Conversion Foundation and Technology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.
[7]郝江平,刘新华,李静海,等.一种空气分级解耦燃烧机械炉排燃烧炉:201720174699.2[P].2017-02-24.Hao J P,Liu X H,Li J H,et al.An air-staged decoupling combustion grate boiler:201720174699.2[P].2017-02-24.
[8]刘新华,郝江平,张楠,等.一种解耦燃烧装置及燃烧方法:201710512563.2[P].2017-06-29.Liu X H,Hao J P,Zhang N,et al.A decoupling combustion appliance as well as decoupling combustion method:201710512563.2[P].2017-06-29.
[9]Wang J,Helen H L,Yang F L,et al.Numerical simulation of a decoupling and re-burning combinative low-NOx coal grate boiler[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,(188):977-988.
[10]李静海,许光文,杨励丹,等.一种抑制氮氧化物的无烟燃煤方法及燃煤炉:95102081.1[P].1995-10-25.Li J H,Xu G W,Yang L D,et al.A NOx-suppressed smokeless coal-fired method as well as corresponding stove:95102081.1[P].1995-10-25.
[11]徐有宁.抑制氮氧化物无烟燃煤技术及其应用[D].北京:中国科学院化工冶金研究所,2000.Xu Y N.NOx-suppressed and smokeless coal combustion technology and its application[D].Beijing:Institute of Chemical Metallurgy,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2000.
[12]徐有宁,宋文立,白蕴如,等.抑制氮氧化物排放的无烟燃煤技术及其在窑炉中的应用[J].过程工程学报,2001,1(1):95-98.Xu Y N,Song W L,Bai Y R,et al.NOx-suppressed and smokeless coal combustion technique and application in coalfired kilns[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2001,1(1):95-98.
[13]He J D,Song W L,Gao S Q,et al.Experimental study of the reduction mechanisms of NO emission in decoupling combustion70[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2006,(87):803-810.
[14]何京东.煤炭解耦燃烧NO抑制机理实验研究[D].北京:中国科学院过程工程研究所,2006.He J D.Experimental study of the reduction mechanisms on NOemission in decoupling combustion of coal[D].Beijing:Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2006.
[15]Dong L,Gao S Q,Song W L,et al.Experimental study of NOreduction over biomass char[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2007,(88):707-715.
[16]Dong L,Gao S Q,Song W L,et al.NO reduction in decoupling combustion of biomass and biomass-coal blend[J].Energy&Fuels,2009,(23):224-228.
[17]尚校,高士秋,汪印,等.不同煤燃烧方式降低NOx排放比较及解耦燃烧应用[J].燃料化学学报,2012,40(6):672-679.Shang X,Gao S Q,Wang Y,et al.Comparison of NOx reduction among different coal combustion methods and the application of decoupling combustion[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2012,40(6):672-679.
[18]Cai L G,Shang X,Gao S Q,et al.Low-NOx coal combustion via combining decoupling combustion and gas reburning[J].Fuel,2013,(112):695-703.
[19]Li H L,Han J,Zhang N,et al.Effects of high-temperature char layer and pyrolysis gas on NOx reduction in a typical decoupling combustion coal-fired stove[J].Journal of Thermal Sciences,2018,28(1):40-50.
[20]Burchill P,Welch L S.Variation of nitrogen content and functionality with rank for some UK bituminous coals[J].Fuel,1989,68(1):100-104.
[21]Tomita A.Suppression of nitrogen oxides emission by carbonaceous reductants[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2001,(71):53-70.
[22]Garijo E G,Jensen A D,Glarborg P.Reactivity of coal char in reducing NO[J].Combustion and Flame,2004,136(3):249-252.
[23]Xie J J,Yang X M,Zhang L,et al.Emissions of SO2,NO and N2Oin a circulating fluidized bed combustor during co-firing coal and biomass[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2007,19(1):109-116.
[24]Fan W D,Lin Z C,Kuang J G,et al.Impact of air staging along furnace height on NOx emissions from pulverized coal combustion[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2010,(91):625-634.
[25]车得福.煤氮热变迁与氮氧化物生成[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2013.Che D F.Thermal Coal-N Transformation and Nitrogen Oxide Generation[M].Xi.an:Xi.an Jiaotong University Press,2013.
[26]方晓晴,范垂钢,都林,等.煤焦直接还原脱除烟道气氮氧化物[J].化工学报,2014,65(6):2249-2255.Fang X Q,Fan C G,Du L,et al.Reduction of nitric oxide in flue gas by coal char[J].CIESC Journal,2014,65(6):2249-2255.
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